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1,3-DIMETHYLOL-5,5-DIMETHYLHYDANTOIN= DMDM HYDANTOIN
CAS Registry Number: 6440-58-0
EC Number: 229-222-8
Chemical Formula: C7H12N2O4
Average Molecular Mass: 188.181 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
DESCRIPTION:
1,3-Dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMDM hydantoin) is an antimicrobial formaldehyde releaser preservative with the trade name Glydant.
DMDM hydantoin is an organic compound belonging a class of compounds known as hydantoins.
DMDM hydantoin is used in the cosmetics industry and found in products like shampoos, hair conditioners and skin care products.
DMDM hydantoin slowly releases formaldehyde and works as a preservative by making the environment less favorable to microorganisms.
DMDM hydantoin is a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products.
DMDM hydantoin works by slowing and preventing spoilage in products such as shampoos and hair conditioners, and in skin care products like moisturizers and makeup foundations.
DMDM hydantoin is also an antimicrobial agent used in cosmetics and personal care products.
As an antimicrobial, DMDM hydantoin can help prevent the growth of fungi, yeast and harmful bacteria that can make people sick or give them rashes, for example.
DMDM hydantoin is a “formaldehyde donor,” which means that to work as a preservative and antimicrobial, DMDM hydantoin releases small levels of formaldehyde throughout the shelf-life of a personal care product or cosmetic product.
DMDMH is an antimicrobial formaldehyde releaser preservative.
DMDMH is used in the cosmetic industry & found in products like shampoos, hair conditioners, hair gels, lubricants, skin care & personal care products.
DMDMH can be particularly effective in detergent based formulations which can have some inherent antimicrobial activity but which are susceptible to growth of some type of micro-organisms.
Compound Type:
• Amide
• Amine
• Cosmetic Toxin
• Household Toxin
• Industrial/Workplace Toxin
• Organic Compound
• Synthetic Compound
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 1,3-DIMETHYLOL-5,5-DIMETHYLHYDANTOIN:
Appearance: Clear, colorless & free from foreign material
Odour: Odourless
Colour (APHA) Max: 10.0
Total Formaldehyde w/w: 17% - 19%
Free Formaldehyde w/w: Max. 1%
Water Content w/w(Karl Fisher)%: 44.0 – 46.0
pH of solution on as such basis @ 27 ± 0.20C: 6.5 – 7.5
DMDMH Content w/w: 54% - 55%
Water Solubility: 307 g/L
LogP: -0.9
LogP: -1.2
LogS: 0.21
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 13.63
pKa (Strongest Basic): -3.3
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 4
Hydrogen Donor Count: 2
Polar Surface Area: 81.08 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Refractivity: 42.25 m³•mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 17.87 ų
Number of Rings: 1
Bioavailability: 1
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: Yes
Monoisotopic Mass: 188.080 g/mol
Traditional Name: dmdm hydantoin
State: Solid
Appearance: White powder
Molecular Weight: 188.18
XLogP3-AA: -0.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 188.07970687
Monoisotopic Mass: 188.07970687
Topological Polar Surface Area: 81.1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count. 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 251
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Density: 1.349g/cm3
Boling Point: 303.7°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 137.5°C
Vapor Presure: 8.76E-05mmHg at 25°C
Refractive Index: 1.529
Storage: -20°C Freezer, Under inert atmosphere
Solubility: DMSO (Sparingly), Methanol (Sparingly)
Stability: Unstable in DMSO solution
Category: Standards; Antibotics;
CAS Registry Number: 6440-58-0
EC Number: 229-222-8
Chemical Formula: C7H12N2O4
Average Molecular Mass: 188.181 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
USES OF 1,3-DIMETHYLOL-5,5-DIMETHYLHYDANTOIN:
1,3-DIMETHYLOL-5,5-DIMETHYLHYDANTOIN is used as a biocide in cosmetics with 0.6% the maximum allowable concentration in the EU.
1,3-DIMETHYLOL-5,5-DIMETHYLHYDANTOIN is used as an antimicrobial pesticide in cleaning products, adhesives, air fresheners, caulks, hydraulic fluids, inks, metal working cutting fluids, paints, stains, coatings, paper and paperboard coatings, polishes, synthetic polymers, sealants, starch solutions, resin emulsions, textiles, and wax.
DMDM Hydantoin is a cosmetic preservative.
It is described as being a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, effective against fungi, yeast, and gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
DMDM Hydantoin is a preservative which is used in cosmetic products at concentrations up to 1%. This ingredient is a formaldehyde donor containing up to 2% of the free aldehyde in equilibrium with the hydantoin.
DMDM Hydantoin preserves and aids in the control of bacteria and fungi in liquid detergents, fabric softeners, household cleaning products, soft soaps, water-based paints for household and industrial use, room deodorizers and air fresheners, water-based surfactants, polymer emulsions, protective or decorative coatings, water-based gels for household and industrial products, textiles, water-based adhesives, sealants and caulks, latex for paper coatings, and water-based inks.
Industry Uses:
• Intermediates
• Preservative
• Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Consumer Uses:
• Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
• Cleaning and furnishing care products
APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITS OF DMDM HYDANTOIN:
DMDM HYDANTOIN is a favourite among mass producers of cosmetics and skin care products all over the globe.
DMDM HYDANTOIN has shown efficiency when it comes to slowing down the spoilage rate of products and improves their shelf life.
DMDM HYDANTOIN is one of the best antimicrobial agents that helps prevent the growth of yeast, fungi and harmful dermatological bacteria that if left unchecked can result in skin rashes, and related illnesses in users.
METHODS OF MANUFACTURING:
DMDM Hydantoin is produced by reacting 3 to 5 moles of formaldehyde, as the 37% by weight aqueous solution, with 1 mole of dimethylhydantoin at 84 °C.
A highly concentrated aqueous solution of the compound is prepared by reacting 2 moles of formaldehyde, as 37% formalin, with dimethylhydantoin at 38 to 50 °C, pH 8.1 to 8.3.
FORMULATIONS/PREPARATIONS:
DMDM Hydantoin is available in solid and in aqueous solution forms, including low free formaldehyde versions of the latter.
CHEMICAL TAXONOMY:
Description:
Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydantoins.
These are heterocyclic compounds containing an imidazolidine substituted by ketone group at positions 2 and 4.
Kingdom: Organic compounds
Super Class: Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class: Azolidines
Sub Class: Imidazolidines
Direct Parent: Hydantoins
Alternative Parents:
• Alpha amino acids and derivatives
• N-acyl ureas
• Dicarboximides
• Azacyclic compounds
• Alkanolamines
• Organopnictogen compounds
• Organic oxides
• Hydrocarbon derivatives
• Carbonyl compounds
Substituents:
• Hydantoin
• Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
• N-acyl urea
• Ureide
• Dicarboximide
• Carbonic acid derivative
• Urea
• Alkanolamine
• Carboxylic acid derivative
• Azacycle
• Hydrocarbon derivative
• Organic oxide
• Organopnictogen compound
• Organic oxygen compound
• Carbonyl group
• Organonitrogen compound
• Organooxygen compound
• Organic nitrogen compound
• Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular Framework: Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT 1,3-DIMETHYLOL-5,5-DIMETHYLHYDANTOIN:
A patch test study found that "an increase in the use of DMDM hydantoin in cosmetic products will also inevitably increase the risk of cosmetic dermatitis in consumers allergic to formaldehyde."
The safety of formaldehyde is a topic of ongoing concern, given the prevalence of formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers in industrial uses.
Formaldehyde is considered "an important metabolic product in plants and animals (including humans), where it occurs in low but measurable concentrations."
However, long-term exposure to formaldehyde (particularly routine inhalation of its fumes) is thought to cause irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes, headaches, shortness of breath, and aggravation of asthma symptoms.
It was declared a "toxic product" by the 1999 Canadian Environmental Protection Act, and the US National Toxicology Program officially classed formaldehyde as "known to be a human carcinogen in June 2011.
In the EU, the maximum allowed concentration of formaldehyde in finished products is 0.2%, and any product that exceeds 0.05% has to include a warning that the product contains formaldehyde.
In recent years, several independent studies and researchers concluded that, if DMDM Hydantoin is used excessively as a preservative in cosmetic formulations, it can result in cancer.
DMDM Hydantoin works as a preservative by slowly releasing formaldehyde, which is a strong eye, skin and lung irritant.
In addition to that, DMDM Hydantoin can easily get contaminated with cancer-causing agent, formaldehyde.
When formaldehyde comes in contact with human tissue often triggers a strong response from the immunity system that leads to cases of:
• Burning sensation
• Uncontrollable itching or
• Scaling of the skin
One might infer that it is all bad news for DMDM Hydantoin but that is not the case.
As per the information put forth by the Personal Care Products Council, DMDM is one of those preservatives that release a small amount of formaldehyde over time to keep bacteria and mould formation at bay.
Further, as per the toxicology reports put forth by the International Journal of Toxicology, cosmetics and skin care product manufacturers can use DMDM Hydantoin as a preservative, subject to not exceeding the recommended amounts.
Further, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review, which is an independent panel of experts that uses scientific methods to conduct research on the ingredients, mass producers of cosmetics use in their products, concluded that the compound is safe to use.
The recommended level for DMDM Hydantoin, as stated by the experts on the Personal Care Products Council is 0.074% or less.
Back in the year 2005, the experts panel of Cosmetic Ingredient Review repositioned DMDM Hydantoin as a safe preservative ingredient and cleared it for use in personal care products.
In conclusion, DMDM Hydantoin is safe as a preservative ingredient, given it is used in recommended levels as put forth by apex bodies like the Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel and the Cosmetics Directive of the European Union.
CAS Registry Number: 6440-58-0
EC Number: 229-222-8
Chemical Formula: C7H12N2O4
Average Molecular Mass: 188.181 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS:
ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS:
SWALLOWED:
■ Accidental ingestion of the material may be harmful; animal experiments indicate that ingestion of less than 150 gram may be fatal or may produce serious damage to the health of the individual.
■ Hydantoin derivatives may damage the stem cell which acts as the precursor to components of the blood, thus producing disorders in blood cell distribution.
Most blood cells originate from a single "common" stem cell.
When the number of stem cells decreases to 10% of their normal value, a loss of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets occurs, with a latency period corresponding to the lifetime of individual blood cell types.
A reduction in granular white cells develops within days, and loss of platelets within 1-2 weeks.
Loss of red cells takes months for clinical signs to show.
On average, red cell counts drop 0.8% per day following the complete stoppage of all red cell formation.
Aplastic anaemia develops due to complete destruction of stem cells.
EYE:
■ Although the material is not thought to be an irritant (as classified by EC Directives), direct contact with the eye may cause transient discomfort characterised by tearing or conjunctival redness (as with windburn).
Slight abrasive damage may also result.
The material may produce foreign body irritation in certain individuals.
SKIN:
■ Repeated exposure may cause skin cracking, flaking or drying following normal handling and use.
■ There is some evidence to suggest that the material may cause moderate inflammation of the skin either following direct contact or after a delay of some time.
Repeated exposure can cause contact dermatitis which is characterised by redness, swelling and blistering.
■ Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material.
■ Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects.
Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.
INHALED:
■ The material is not thought to produce either adverse health effects or irritation of the respiratory tract following inhalation (as classified by EC Directives using animal models).
Nevertheless, adverse systemic effects have been produced following exposure of animals by at least one other route and good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable control measures be used in an occupational setting.
■ Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, may incur further disability if excessive concentrations of particulate are inhaled.
If prior damage to the circulatory or nervous systems has occurred or if kidney damage has been sustained, proper screenings should be conducted on individuals who may be exposed to further risk if handling and use of the material result in excessive exposures.
FIRST AID MEASURES:
SWALLOWED:
IF SWALLOWED, REFER FOR MEDICAL ATTENTION, WHERE POSSIBLE, WITHOUT DELAY.
For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor.
Urgent hospital treatment is likely to be needed.
In the mean time, qualified first-aid personnel should treat the patient following observation and employing supportive measures as indicated by the patient's condition.
If the services of a medical officer or medical doctor are readily available, the patient should be placed in his/her care and a copy of the MSDS should be provided.
Further action will be the responsibility of the medical specialist.
If medical attention is not available on the worksite or surroundings send the patient to a hospital together with a copy of the MSDS.
Where medical attention is not immediately available or where the patient is more than 15 minutes from a hospital or unless instructed otherwise:
INDUCE vomiting with fingers down the back of the throat, ONLY IF CONSCIOUS.
Lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.
NOTE: Wear a protective glove when inducing vomiting by mechanical means.
EYE:
If this product comes in contact with the eyes:
Wash out immediately with fresh running water.
Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention without delay; if pain persists or recurs seek medical attention.
Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.
SKIN:
If skin contact occurs:
Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear.
Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available).
Seek medical attention in event of irritation.
INHALED:
If dust is inhaled, remove from contaminated area.
Encourage patient to blow nose to ensure clear passage of breathing.
If irritation or discomfort persists seek medical attention.
NOTES TO PHYSICIAN
■ for poisons (where specific treatment regime is absent):
BASIC TREATMENT:
Establish a patent airway with suction where necessary.
Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilation as necessary.
Administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min.
Monitor and treat, where necessary, for pulmonary oedema .
Monitor and treat, where necessary, for shock.
Anticipate seizures .
DO NOT use emetics.
Where ingestion is suspected rinse mouth and give up to 200 ml water (5 ml/kg recommended) for dilution where patient is able to swallow, has a strong gag reflex and does not drool.
ADVANCED TREATMENT:
Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in unconscious patient or where respiratory arrest has occurred.
Positive-pressure ventilation using a bag-valve mask might be of use.
Monitor and treat, where necessary, for arrhythmias.
Start an IV D5W TKO. If signs of hypovolaemia are present use lactated Ringers solution.
Fluid overload might create complications.
Drug therapy should be considered for pulmonary oedema.
Hypotension with signs of hypovolaemia requires the cautious administration of fluids.
Fluid overload might create complications.
Treat seizures with diazepam.
Proparacaine hydrochloride should be used to assist eye irrigation.
For acute or short-term repeated exposures to formaldehyde:
INGESTION:
Patients present early with severe corrosion of the gastro-intestinal tract and systemic effects.
Inflammation and ulceration may progress to strictures.
Severe acidosis results from rapid conversion of formaldehyde to formic acid.
Coma, hypotension, renal failure and apnoea
complicate ingestion.
Decontaminate by dilution with milk or water containing ammonium acetate; vomiting should be induced.
Follow with gastric lavage using a weak ammonia solution (converts formaldehyde to relatively inert pentamethylenetetramine) Gastric lavage is warranted only in first 15 minutes following ingestion.
SKIN:
Formaldehyde can combine with epidermal protein to produce a hapten-protein couple capable of sensitising T-lymphocytes.
FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES:
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA:
• Foam.
• Dry chemical powder.
• BCF (where regulations permit).
• Carbon dioxide.
• Water spray or fog - Large fires only.
FIRE FIGHTING:
Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves.
Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses.
Use water delivered as a fine spray to control fire and cool adjacent area.
DO NOT approach containers suspected to be hot.
Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location.
If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.
Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use.
GENERAL FIRE HAZARDS/HAZARDOUS COMBUSTIBLE PRODUCTS
Combustible solid which burns but propagates flame with difficulty; it is estimated that most organic dusts are combustible (circa 70%) - according to the circumstances under which the combustion process occurs, such materials may cause fires and / or dust explosions.
Organic powders when finely divided over a range of concentrations regardless of particulate size or shape and suspended in air or some other oxidizing medium may form explosive dust-air mixtures and result in a fire or dust explosion (including secondary explosions).
Avoid generating dust, particularly clouds of dust in a confined or unventilated space as dusts may form an explosive mixture with air, and any source of ignition, i.e. flame or spark, will cause fire or explosion.
Dust clouds generated by the fine grinding of the solid are a particular hazard; accumulations of fine dust (420 micron or less) may burn rapidly and fiercely if ignited - particles exceeding this limit will generally not form flammable dust clouds.; once initiated, however, larger particles up to 1400 microns diameter will contribute to the propagation of an explosion.
In the same way as gases and vapours, dusts in the form of a cloud are only ignitable over a range of concentrations; in principle, the concepts of lower explosive limit (LEL) and upper explosive limit (UEL).are applicable to dust clouds but only the LEL is of practical use; - this is because of the inherent difficulty of achieving homogeneous dust clouds at high temperatures (for dusts the LEL is often called the "Minimum Explosible Concentration", MEC)
When processed with flammable liquids/vapors/mists,ignitable (hybrid) mixtures may be formed with combustible dusts.
Ignitable mixtures will increase the rate of explosion pressure rise and the Minimum Ignition Energy (the minimum amount of energy required to ignite dust clouds - MIE) will be lower than the pure dust in air mixture. The Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) of the vapour/dust mixture will be lower than the individual LELs for the vapors/mists or dusts
A dust explosion may release of large quantities of gaseous products; this in turn creates a subsequent pressure rise of explosive force capable of damaging plant and buildings and injuring people.
Usually the initial or primary explosion takes place in a confined space such as plant or machinery, and can be of sufficient force to damage or rupture the plant.
If the shock wave from the primary explosion enters the surrounding area, it will disturb any settled dust layers, forming a second dust cloud, and often initiate a much larger secondary explosion.
All large scale explosions have resulted from chain reactions of this type.
Dry dust can be charged electrostatically by turbulence, pneumatic transport, pouring, in exhaust ducts and during transport.
Build-up of electrostatic charge may be prevented by bonding and grounding.
Powder handling equipment such as dust collectors, dryers and mills may require additional protection measures such as explosion venting.
All movable parts coming in contact with this material should have a speed of less than 1-meter/sec
A sudden release of statically charged materials from storage or process equipment, particularly at elevated temperatures and/ or pressure, may result in ignition especially in the absence of an apparent ignition source
One important effect of the particulate nature of powders is that the surface area and surface structure (and often moisture content) can vary widely from sample to sample, depending of how the powder was manufactured and handled; this means that it is virtually impossible to use flammability data published in the literature for dusts (in contrast to that published for gases and vapours).
Autoignition temperatures are often quoted for dust clouds (minimum ignition temperature (MIT)) and dust layers (layer ignition temperature (LIT)); LIT generally falls as the thickness of the layer increases.
Combustion products include: carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), other pyrolysis products typical of burning organic material.
May emit poisonous fumes.
May emit corrosive fumes.
FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY:
Avoid contamination with oxidising agents i.e. nitrates, oxidising acids, chlorine bleaches, pool chlorine etc. as ignition may result
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES:
MINOR SPILLS:
Clean up waste regularly and abnormal spills immediately.
Avoid breathing dust and contact with skin and eyes.
Wear protective clothing, gloves, safety glasses and dust respirator.
Use dry clean up procedures and avoid generating dust.
Vacuum up or sweep up. NOTE: Vacuum cleaner must be fitted with an exhaust micro filter (HEPA type) (consider explosion-proof machines designed to be grounded during storage and use).
Dampen with water to prevent dusting before sweeping.
Place in suitable containers for disposal.
MAJOR SPILLS:
Moderate hazard.
CAUTION: Advise personnel in area.
Alert Emergency Services and tell them location and nature of hazard.
Control personal contact by wearing protective clothing.
Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses.
Recover product wherever possible.
IF DRY: Use dry clean up procedures and avoid generating dust.
Collect residues and place in sealed plastic bags or other
containers for disposal.
IF WET: Vacuum/shovel up and place in labelled containers for disposal.
ALWAYS: Wash area down with large amounts of water and prevent runoff into drains.
If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise Emergency Services.
HANDLING AND STORAGE:
PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING.
Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.
Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.
Use in a well-ventilated area.
Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps.
DO NOT enter confined spaces until atmosphere has been checked.
DO NOT allow material to contact humans, exposed food or food utensils.
Avoid contact with incompatible materials.
When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke.
Keep containers securely sealed when not in use.
Avoid physical damage to containers.
Always wash hands with soap and water after handling.
Work clothes should be laundered separately.
Launder contaminated clothing before re-use.
Use good occupational work practice.
Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure safe working conditions are maintained.
Organic powders when finely divided over a range of concentrations regardless of particulate size or shape and suspended in air or some other oxidizing medium may form explosive dust-air mixtures and result in a fire or dust explosion (including secondary explosions)
Minimise airborne dust and eliminate all ignition sources.
Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, and flame.
Establish good housekeeping practices.
Remove dust accumulations on a regular basis by vacuuming or gentle sweeping to avoid creating dust clouds.
Use continuous suction at points of dust generation to capture and minimise the accumulation of dusts.
Particular attention should be given to overhead and hidden horizontal surfaces to minimise the probability of a "secondary" explosion.
According to NFPA Standard 654, dust layers 1/32 in.(0.8 mm) thick can be sufficient to warrant immediate cleaning of the area.
Do not use air hoses for cleaning.
Minimise dry sweeping to avoid generation of dust clouds.
Vacuum dust-accumulating surfaces and remove to a chemical disposal
area. Vacuums with explosion-proof motors should be used.
Control sources of static electricity. Dusts or their packages may accumulate static charges, and static discharge can be a source of ignition.
Solids handling systems must be designed in accordance with applicable standards (e.g. NFPA including 654 and 77) and other national guidance.
Do not empty directly into flammable solvents or in the presence of flammable vapors.
The operator, the packaging container and all equipment must be grounded with electrical bonding and grounding systems.
Plastic bags and plastics cannot be grounded, and antistatic bags do not completely protect against development of static charges.
Empty containers may contain residual dust which has the potential to accumulate following settling. Such dusts may explode in the presence of an appropriate ignition source.
Do NOT cut, drill, grind or weld such containers.
In addition ensure such activity is not performed near full, partially empty or empty containers without appropriate workplace safety authorisation or permit.
RECOMMENDED STORAGE METHODS:
Polyethylene or polypropylene container.
Check all containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks.
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS:
Store in original containers.
Keep containers securely sealed.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
Store away from incompatible materials and foodstuff containers.
Protect containers against physical damage and check regularly for leaks.
Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
PERSONAL PROTECTION:
EYE:
Safety glasses with side shields.
Chemical goggles.
Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irritants.
A written policy document,
describing the wearing of lens or restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This should include a review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of chemicals in use and an account of injury experience.
Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal and suitable equipment should be readily available.
In the event of chemical exposure, begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens should be removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed in a clean environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly.
HANDS/FEET:
NOTE:
The material may produce skin sensitisation in predisposed individuals.
Care must be taken, when removing gloves and other protective equipment, to avoid all possible skin contact.
Contaminated leather items, such as shoes, belts and watch-bands should be removed and destroyed.
Suitability and durability of glove type is dependent on usage. Important factors in the selection of gloves include:
frequency and duration of contact,
chemical resistance of glove material,
glove thickness and
dexterity
Select gloves tested to a relevant standard (e.g. Europe EN 374, US F739, AS/NZS 2161.1 or national equivalent).
When prolonged or frequently repeated contact may occur, a glove with a protection class of 5 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 240 minutes according to EN 374, AS/NZS 2161.10.1 or national equivalent) is recommended.
When only brief contact is expected, a glove with a protection class of 3 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 60 minutes according to EN 374, AS/NZS 2161.10.1 or national equivalent) is recommended.
Contaminated gloves should be replaced.
Gloves must only be worn on clean hands. After using gloves, hands should be washed and dried thoroughly.
Application of a non-perfumed moisturiser is recommended.
Experience indicates that the following polymers are suitable as glove materials for protection against undissolved, dry solids, where abrasive particles are not present.
polychloroprene
nitrile rubber
butyl rubber
fluorocaoutchouc
polyvinyl chloride
Gloves should be examined for wear and/ or degradation constantly.
OTHER:
Overalls.
P.V.C. apron.
Barrier cream.
Skin cleansing cream.
Eye wash unit.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS:
■ Engineering controls are used to remove a hazard or place a barrier between the worker and the hazard.
Well-designed engineering controls can be highly effective in protecting workers and will typically be independent of worker interactions to provide this high level of protection.
The basic types of engineering controls are:
Process controls which involve changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk.
Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source which keeps a selected hazard "physically" away from the worker and ventilation that strategically "adds" and "removes" air in the work environment. Ventilation can remove or dilute an air contaminant if designed properly.
The design of a ventilation system must match the particular process and chemical or contaminant in use.
Employers may need to use multiple types of controls to prevent employee overexposure.
Local exhaust ventilation is required where solids are handled as powders or crystals; even when particulates are relatively large, a certain proportion will be powdered by mutual friction.
Exhaust ventilation should be designed to prevent accumulation and recirculation of particulates in the workplace.
If in spite of local exhaust an adverse concentration of the substance in air could occur, respiratory protection should be considered.
Such protection might consist of:
(a): particle dust respirators, if necessary, combined with an absorption cartridge;
(b): filter respirators with absorption cartridge or canister of the right type;
(c): fresh-air hoods or masks
Build-up of electrostatic charge on the dust particle, may be prevented by bonding and grounding.
Powder handling equipment such as dust collectors, dryers and mills may require additional protection measures such as explosion venting.
Air contaminants generated in the workplace possess varying "escape" velocities which, in turn, determine the "capture velocities" of fresh circulating air required to efficiently remove the contaminant
CHEMICAL STABILITY:
CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY:
Presence of incompatible materials.
Product is considered stable.
Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.
STORAGE INCOMPATIBILITY
■ Formaldehyde:
• is a strong reducing agent
• may polymerise in air unless properly inhibited (usually with methanol up to 15%) and stored at controlled temperatures
• will polymerize with active organic material such as phenol
• reacts violently with strong oxidisers, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, acrylonitrile, caustics (sodium hydroxide, yielding formic acid and flammable hydrogen), magnesium carbonate, nitromethane, nitrogen oxides (especially a elevated temperatures), peroxyformic acid
• is incompatible with strong acids (hydrochloric acid forms carcinogenic bis(chloromethyl)ether*), amines, ammonia, aniline, bisulfides, gelatin, iodine, magnesite, phenol, some monomers, tannins, salts of copper, iron, silver.
• acid catalysis can produce impurities: methylal, methyl formate
Aqueous solutions of formaldehyde:
• slowly oxidise in air to produce formic acid
• attack carbon steel
Concentrated solutions containing formaldehyde are:
• unstable, both oxidising slowly to form formic acid and polymerising; in dilute aqueous solutions formaldehyde appears as monomeric hydrate (methylene glycol) - the more concentrated the solution the more polyoxymethylene glycol occurs as oligomers and polymers (methanol and amine-containing compounds inhibit polymer formation)
• readily subject to polymerisation, at room temperature, in the presence of air and moisture, to form paraformaldehyde (8-100 units of formaldehyde), a solid mixture of linear polyoxymethylene glycols containing 90-99% formaldehyde; a cyclic trimer, trioxane (CH2O3), may also form
Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of aldehydes with azo, diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, nitrides, and strong reducing agents
*The empirical equation may be used to determine the concentration of bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME) formed by reaction with HCl:
log(BCME)ppb = -2.25 + 0.67 log(HCHO) ppm + 0.77 log(HCl)ppm
Assume values for formaldehyde, in air, of 1 ppm and for HCl of 5 ppm, resulting BCME concentration, in air, would be 0.02 ppb.
Avoid reaction with oxidising agents
DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS:
When formaldehyde is present as a solid waste as a discarded commercial chemical product, off-specification species, as a container residue, or a spill residue, use EPA waste number U122 (waste code T).
Disposal Instructions:
All waste must be handled in accordance with local, state and federal regulations.
Containers may still present a chemical hazard/ danger when empty.
Return to supplier for reuse/ recycling if possible.
Otherwise:
If container can not be cleaned sufficiently well to ensure that residuals do not remain or if the container cannot be used to store the same product, then puncture containers, to prevent re-use, and bury at an authorised landfill.
Where possible retain label warnings and MSDS and observe all notices pertaining to the product.
Legislation addressing waste disposal requirements may differ by country, state and/ or territory. Each user must refer to laws operating in their area.
In some areas, certain wastes must be tracked.
A Hierarchy of Controls seems to be common - the user should investigate:
Reduction
Reuse
Recycling
Disposal (if all else fails)
This material may be recycled if unused, or if it has not been contaminated so as to make it unsuitable for its intended use.
Shelf life considerations should also be applied in making decisions of this type.
Note that properties of a material may change in use, and recycling or reuse may not always be appropriate.
In most instances the supplier of the material should be consulted.
DO NOT allow wash water from cleaning or process equipment to enter drains.
It may be necessary to collect all wash water for treatment before disposal.
In all cases disposal to sewer may be subject to local laws and regulations and these should be considered first.
Where in doubt contact the responsible authority.
Recycle wherever possible.
Consult manufacturer for recycling options or consult local or regional waste management authority for disposal if no suitable treatment or disposal facility can be identified.
Dispose of by: burial in a land-fill specifically licenced to accept chemical and / or pharmaceutical wastes or Incineration in a licenced apparatus (after admixture with suitable combustible material)
Decontaminate empty containers.
Observe all label safeguards until containers are cleaned and destroyed.
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES:
Cleanup Methods:
If a spill occurs, clean it up promptly.
Don't wash it away.
Instead, sprinkle the spill with sawdust, vermiculite, or kitty litter.
Sweep it into a plastic garbage bag, and dispose of it as directed on the pesticide product label.
After Applying a Pesticide, Indoors or Outdoors.
To remove pesticide residues, use a bucket to rinse tools or equipment three times, including any containers or utensils that you used when mixing the pesticide.
Then pour the rinsewater into the pesticide sprayer and reuse the solution by applying it according to the pesticide product label directions.
After applying any pesticide wash your hands and any other parts of your body that may have come in contact with the pesticide.
To prevent tracking pesticides inside, remove or rinse your boots or shoes before entering your home.
Wash any clothes that have been exposed to a lot of pesticide separately from your regular wash.
Disposal Methods:
SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.
Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier.
Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge.
Do not discharge effluent containing this product to sewer systems without previously notifying the local sewage treatment plant authority.
Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge.
Do not discharge effluent containing this product to sewer systems without previously notifying the local sewage treatment plant authority.
Safe Disposal of Pesticides:
The best way to dispose of small amounts of excess pesticides is to use them - apply them - according to the directions on the label.
If you cannot use them, ask your neighbors whether they have a similar pest control problem and can use them.
If all of the remaining pesticide cannot be properly used, check with your local solid waste management authority, environmental agency, or health department to find out whether your community has a household hazardous waste collection program or a similar program for getting rid of unwanted, leftover pesticides.
These authorities can also inform you of any local requirements for pesticide waste disposal.
Safe Disposal of Pesticides:
An empty pesticide container can be as hazardous as a full one because of residues left inside.
Never reuse such a container.
When empty, a pesticide container should be rinsed carefully three times and the rinsewater thoroughly drained back onto the sprayer or the container previously used to mix the pesticide.
Use the rinsewater as a pesticide, following label directions.
Replace the cap or closure securely.
Dispose of the container according to label instructions.
Do not puncture or burn a pressurized container like an aerosol - it could explode.
Do cut or puncture other empty pesticide containers made of metal or plastic to prevent someone from reusing them.
Wrap the empty container and put it in the trash after you have rinsed it.
SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations.
Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur.
Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal.
If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.
Preventive Measures:
Wear the items of protective clothing the label requires: for example, non-absorbent gloves (not leather or fabric), rubber footwear (not canvas or leather), a hat, goggles, or a dust-mist filter.
If no specific clothing is listed, gloves, long-sleeved shirts and long pants, and closed shoes are recommended.
Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing.
Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers.
Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.
SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing.
The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers.
Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.
Handling and Storage:
Storage Conditions:
Keep container closed.
Store in a dry place.
Do not store at elevated temperatures.
Keep from freezing.
Do not reuse empty container.
Safe Storage of Pesticides.
Always store pesticides in their original containers, complete with labels that list ingredients, directions for use, and first aid steps in case of accidental poisoning.
Never store pesticides in cabinets with or near food, animal feed, or medical supplies.
Do not store pesticides in places where flooding is possible or in places where they might spill or leak into wells, drains, ground water, or surface water.
Exposure Control and Personal Protection:
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Corrosive.
Causes irreversible eye damage.
Harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin.
Do not get in eyes or on skin or on clothing.
Wear goggles or face shield and chemical resistant gloves when handling.
CAS Registry Number: 6440-58-0
EC Number: 229-222-8
Chemical Formula: C7H12N2O4
Average Molecular Mass: 188.181 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
CAS Registry Number: 6440-58-0
EC Number: 229-222-8
Chemical Formula: C7H12N2O4
Average Molecular Mass: 188.181 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
SYNONYMS OF 1,3-DIMETHYLOL-5,5-DIMETHYLHYDANTOIN:
MeSH Entry Terms:
1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin
DMDM hydantoin
Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:
6440-58-0
1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
DMDM Hydantoin
Dmdmh
Dimethyloldimethyl hydantoin
1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin
1,3-Dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin
dimethyloldimethylhydantoin
UNII-BYR0546TOW
2,4-Imidazolidinedione, 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-
Glydant
BYR0546TOW
1,3-DIHYDROXYMETHYL-5,5-DIMETHYLHYDANTOIN
MFCD00467199
Dantoin-DMDMH
Glycoserve-DMDMH
Dantoin dmdmh 55
Dmdmh 55
Caswell No. 273AB
Dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin
EINECS 229-222-8
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 115501
BRN 0882348
1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione
1,3-Di(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin
HSDB 7488
1,3-Dihydroxylmethyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin
EC 229-222-8
dimethylol dimethyl hydantoin
DSSTox_CID_15217
DSSTox_GSID_35217
SCHEMBL69185
Hydantoin, 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-
DTXSID8035217
ZINC2033948
Tox21_303842
AKOS006345746
CS-W021276
MCULE-7284808609
NCGC00356947-01
AS-10924
SY101650
CAS-6440-58-0
FT-0606699
1,3-DIMETHYLOL-5,5-DIMETHYL-HYDANTOIN
H11751
440B580
A834743
Q5205613
W-104844
1,3-Bis (hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
5-ethyl-1,3-dihydroxy-5-methyl-imidazolidine-2,4-dione;1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
