PRODUCTS

ACETONITRILE

Acetonitrile is a nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.
Acetonitrile has a role as a polar aprotic solvent and an EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor.
Acetonitrile is an aliphatic nitrile and a volatile organic compound.

CAS Number:75-05-8
EC Number:200-835-2
IUPAC name: Ethanenitrile
Molecular Formula: C2H3N / CH3CN

Other names: Acetonitril, acetonitril, Acetonitril, Acetonitrile, Acetonitrile, acetonitrile, Acetonitrile, Acetonitrile, acetonitrile, Acetonitrile IMDG OR, Acetonitrile technical grade, acetonitrile-, acetonitrile; cyanomethane, Acetonitrile, Acetronitrile, Acetronitrile, Actonitrile, AKS-12, cianuro de metilo, cyanomethane, Cyanure de méthyle, etanonitrile, ethanenitrile, Methyl cyanide, Methyl cyanide, Acetonitrile, Ethyl nitrile, Cyanomethane, ACN, 200-664-3, 200-835-2, 232-148-9, 741857, 75-05-8, Acetonitril, Acetonitrile, Acetonitrilo, Alcohol Determination - Acetonitrile, Amidite Diluent, Asetonitril, cianometano, cianuro di metile, cyanomethane, Cyanure de methyl, Degassed and low oxygen acetonitrile, etanonitrile, Ethane nitrile, Ethanenitrile, ethanonitrile, Ethyl nitrile, MeCN, Methane, cyano-, methyl cyanide, Methylidyne, cyano-, Methylkyanid, MFCD00001878, NC1, NCMe, Residual Solvent - Acetonitrile, Residual Solvent Class 2 - Acetonitrile, 18605-40-8, 1-Aminoethane, Acetonitrile ACS, Acetonitrile EMPROVE(R) ESSENTIAL, Acetonitrile HPLC grade, Acetonitrile LC-MS, Acetonitrile Non UV, Acetonitrile with 0.05% (v) Trifluoroacetic acid, Acetonitrile with 0.1% (v/v) Formic acid, Acetonitrile with 0.1% (v) trifluoroacetic acid, Acetonitrile WITH 0.1per cent AMMONIUM ACETATE

Acetonitrile has many uses, including as a solvent, for spinning fibers, and in lithium batteries.
Acetonitrile is primarily found in air from automobile exhaust and manufacturing facilities.

Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure results in irritation of mucous membranes.
Chronic (long-term) exposure results in central nervous system effects, such as headaches, numbness, and tremors.
Acetonitrile is predominantly used as a solvent in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, for spinning fibers and for casting and molding of plastic materials, in lithium batteries, for the extraction of fatty acids from animal and vegetable oils, and in chemical laboratories for the detection of materials such as pesticide residues.

Acetonitrile is a toxic, colorless liquid with an ether-like odor and a sweet, burnt taste.
Acetonitrile is an extremely dangerous substance and must be handled with caution as Acetonitrile can cause severe health effects and/or death.

Acetonitrile is also known as cyanomethane, ethyl nitrile, ethanenitrile, methanecarbonitrile, acetronitrile cluster and methyl cyanide.
Acetonitrile is easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames and gives off highly toxic hydrogen cyanide fumes when heated.

Acetonitrile dissolves easily in water.
Acetonitrile can react with water, steam or acids to produce flammable vapors that can form explosive mixtures when exposed to air.

The vapors are heavier than air and can travel to low or confined areas.
Containers of the liquid can explode when heated.

Acetonitrile, an aliphatic nitrile, is widely used as an organic solvent and intermediate in organic syntheses.
Acetonitrile is transparent to UV-visible light, which makes Acetonitrile highly applicable in spectrophotometric and fluorimetric techniques.

MeCN is utilized as a mobile phase component in many chromatographic techniques, due to Acetonitriles low viscosity, high elution strength and miscibility in water.
Acetonitrile also plays a major role as an extractant medium in liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction or microextraction.

Considered the simplest organic nitrile, acetonitrile is a colorless liquid with an aromatic odor.
Acetonitrile is also called methyl cyanide, and is a hydrogen cyanide in which a methyl group has replaced the hydrogen.

Acetonitrile is chemical formula is CH3CN and is a water-miscible polar aprotic solvent with several laboratory applications.
In particular, acetonitrile is a common mobile phase solvent in analytical and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Acetonitrile, also called methyl cyanide, is the simplest organic nitrile, miscible with water, methanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetone, ether, acetamide solutions, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene chloride and many unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Immiscible with many saturated hydrocarbons (petroleum fractions).

Acetonitrile is used as a solvent to dissolve organic compounds, as an extracting agent to split hydrocarbons by extractive rectification, as a raw material for organic synthesis and also for production of vitamin B1, in textile industry and for extracting resins, fenols and colouring substances from hydrocarbons and oil. Also used in agrochemical field.
Acetonitrile is used as a general purpose solvent for many compounds.

Acetonitrile is used in the production of fibers, rubbers, and resins.
Acetonitrile is replacing acrylonitrile, an important starting material in the manufacture of fabrics, plastics, and synthetic rubber.

Acetonitrile is used as a chemical intermediate in pesticide, perfume and pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Acetonitrile is used in high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis.
Acetonitrile is used in extraction and refining of copper.

Organic nitriles act as solvents and are reacted further for various application including:
Extraction solvent for fatty acids, oils and unsaturated hydrocarbons,
Solvent for spinning and casting and extractive distillation based on Acetonitrile selective miscibility with organic compounds,

Removing agent of colouring matters and aromatic alcohols,
Non-aqueous solvent for titrations and for inorganic salts,
Recrystallization of steroids,
Parent compound for organic synthesis,

Solvent or chemical intermediate in biochemistry ( pesticide sequencing and DNA synthesis),
High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis,

Catalyst and component of transition-metal complex catalysts,
Stabilizer for chlorinated solvents,
Chemical intermediate and solvent for perfumes and pharmaceuticals.

Acetonitrile is a medium polarity solvent has low UV absorbance and is stable towards many types of organic reactions.
Acetonitrile’s commonly used as an eluent for LC analysis and as a solvent/ diluent for biochemical reagents and reactions.

Acetonitrile is the simplest organic nitrile, usually also called as nitrile methyl cyanide and methane.
Acetonitrile is a colorless transparent liquid at room temperature.

Acetonitrile is highly volatile, with special smell like ether, and flammable with flame burning brightly.
Acetonitrile is mutually soluble in water, methanol, carbon tetrachloride, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethylene dichloride, and many other non-saturated hydrocarbon solvents.

Acetonitrile is toxic and can be metabolized into hydrogen cyanide and thiocyanate.
Acetonitrile is a good solvent with excellent performance and is an important organic intermediate.

Acetonitrile is also widely used as a polar aprotic solvent.
The biggest application of acetonitrile is as a solvent which can be used as the solvents for the synthesis of vitamin A, cortisone, carbon amine drugs and their intermediates solvent.

Acetonitrile also used as an active medium solvent in the manufacture of vitamin B1 and amino acids.
Acetonitrile can substitute chlorinated solvents as a vinyl coating, an extracting agent of fatty acid, a alcohol denaturant, the extracting agent of butadiene, and the solvent of acrylonitrile synthetic fibers.
Acetonitrile also has a lot of applications in fabric dyeing, light industry, spice manufacturing, and photographic materials manufacturing.

Uses of Acetonitrile:
Acetonitrile is the raw material for preparing orthoacetate.
Acetonitrile is also used as the intermediate of producing DV-acid methyl ester and 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylate.

Acetonitrile can also be used as the raw materials of making pyrimidine derivatives which is the intermediate of sulfonylurea herbicides.
Moreover, Acetonitrile can be used for making vitamin B1 in the field of pharmaceutical industry and as the extraction agent of C4 fraction in the synthetic rubber industry.

Acetonitrile is used as nitrile rubber monomer.
Acetonitrile is used for pharmaceutical industry and extraction of carbon IV.
As standard reference in chromatographic analysis
Also as solvent and stationary phase for gas chromatography.

Acetonitrile is as a solvent such as solvents for butadiene extraction, solvent for synthetic fibers and solvents for some special paints.
In the oil industry, acetonitrile is used as the solvent for removing tar, phenol and other substances from petroleum hydrocarbons.

Acetonitrile is also used as the solvent for extracting fatty acids from vegetable and animal oil in the fatty acid industry, and used as the reaction medium of the recrystallization of steroidal drugs in medicine industry.
The binary azeotropic mixtures of acetonitrile and water are often used when a polar solvent of high dielectric constant is demanded: containing 84% acetonitrile, boiling point: 76 °C.

Acetonitrile is used as the intermediate of pharmaceutical (vitamin B1) and spices, as the raw materials for making the synergist of triazine nitrogenous fertilizer, and also as a denaturant for ethyl alcohol.
Moreover, Acetonitrile can also be used for synthesizing ethylamine, acetic acid, etc., and have many applications in textile dyeing and light industry.

Acetonitrile is used as the solvent of most inorganic compounds.
Acetonitrile is also used as the solvent for spectrophotometric measurement, as a non-aqueous solvent, and as the diluents for determination of the carboxyl group.
Furthermore, Acetonitrile is also applied in recrystallization of steroids and extraction of fatty acid, and also used as the solvents of High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Acetonitrile is used to make pharmaceuticals, perfumes, rubber products, pesticides, acrylic nail removers and batteries.
Acetonitrile is also used to extract fatty acids from animal and vegetable oils. Before working with acetonitrile, employee training should be provided on safe handling and storage procedures.

Acetonitrile has many uses, including as a solvent, for spinning fibers, and in lithium batteries.
Acetonitrile is primarily found in air from automobile exhaust and manufacturing facilities.

Acetonitrile is predominantly used as a solvent in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, for spinning fibers and for casting and molding of plastic materials, in lithium batteries, for the extraction of fatty acids from animal and vegetable oils, and in chemical laboratories for the detection of materials such as pesticide residues.
Acetonitrile is also used in dyeing textiles and in coating compositions as a stabilizer for chlorinated solvents and in perfume production as a chemical intermediate.

Melting Point: -48°C
Boiling Point: 82°c
Specific Gravity: 0.786
Vapour Density: 1.41

Molecular Weight: 41.05 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Exact Mass: 41.026549100 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 41.026549100 g/mol

Topological Polar Surface Area: 23.8Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 3
Complexity: 29.3
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Acetonitrile has many uses, including as a solvent, for spinning fibers, and in lithium batteries. It is primarily found in air from automobile exhaust and manufacturing facilities. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure results in irritation of mucous membranes. Chronic (long-term) exposure results in central nervous system effects, such as headaches, numbness, and tremors. No data are available on its carcinogenic effects in humans; EPA has classified it as a Group D, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.

Acetonitrile is a clear colorless liquid with a sweet ethereal odor.
Acetonitrile has an odor threshold of 170 ppm.
Acetonitrile is very soluble in water and is quite flammable.
Acetonitrile (CH3CN) is the simplest organic nitrile.

Acetonitrile is a commonly used polar aprotic solvent for organic reactions and the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and perfumes; used as a mobile phase in HPLC; available in various reagent grades.
Acetonitrile is used as a solvent in the production of vitamin B, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, pesticides, plastics and as a non-aqueous solvent for inorganic salts.
Acetonitrile is also used in the photographic industry, in the extraction and refining of copper, in the textile industry, in lithium batteries, for the extraction of fatty acids from animal and vegetable oils, and in analytical chemistry laboratories.

Acetonitrile, often abbreviated MeCN (methyl cyanide), is the chemical compound with the formula CH3CN.
This colourless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile (hydrogen cyanide is a simpler nitrile, but the cyanide anion is not classed as organic).

Acetonitrile is produced mainly as a byproduct of acrylonitrile manufacture.
Acetonitrile is used as a polar aprotic solvent in organic synthesis and in the purification of butadiene.

The N≡C−C skeleton is linear with a short C≡N distance of 1.16 Å.
Acetonitrile was first prepared in 1847 by the French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas.

Industry Uses of Acetonitrile:
Acetonitrile is imported to be used as a raw material in the manufacture of high purity acetonitrile (purification distillation process) for use as an extraction solvent.
Adsorbents and absorbents,
Functional fluids (closed systems),
Intermediates,

Laboratory chemicals,
Solvents (for cleaning and degreasing),
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture),
Pesticide production,
Pharmaceutical manufacture.

Consumer Uses of Acetonitrile:
Non-TSCA use,
Petrochemical,
Pharmaceutical,
Pesticide production.

Laboratory use of Acetonitrile:
Acetonitrile is also used as a polar aprotic solvent.
In inorganic chemistry, acetonitrile is widely used as a ligand which is abbreviated MeCN.

For example, acetonitrile complex PdCl2 (MeCN)2 can be produced by thermal polymerization of palladium chloride in the suspension of acetonitrile.
The high dielectric constant of acetonitrile makes Acetonitrile a popular cyclic voltammetry of solvents.
Acetonitrile can also be used as a two-carbon raw material in organic synthesis.

Acetonitrile can produce malononitrile via reaction with cyanogen chloride.
Acetonitrile can also be used as the mobile phase molecules which are commonly used in the column chromatography, more modernized high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

In the field of nuclear medicine, acetonitrile is used for the synthesis of radiopharmaceutical like fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron (FDG).
During the synthesis of FDG, the evaporation of acetonitrile can take away the water in the reaction system.

The exact content of acetonitrile in the reaction system plays a significant role in ensuring the synthesis efficiency and quality of medicines; at the same time, acetonitrile is also sued as the solvent and the matrix for the reaction system.
In addition, in the routine quality inspection of FDG, acetonitrile: water mixture (for example, 85% v/v) is also applied as the mobile phase of TLC.

Applications of Acetonitrile:
Acetonitrile is used mainly as a solvent in the purification of butadiene in refineries.
Specifically, acetonitrile is fed into the top of a distillation column filled with hydrocarbons including butadiene, and as the acetonitrile falls down through the column, Acetonitrile absorbs the butadiene which is then sent from the bottom of the tower to a second separating tower.

Heat is then employed in the separating tower to separate the butadiene.
In the laboratory, Acetonitrile is used as a medium-polarity solvent that is miscible with water and a range of organic solvents, but not saturated hydrocarbons.

Acetonitrile has a convenient liquid range and a high dielectric constant of 38.8.
With a dipole moment of 3.92 D, acetonitrile dissolves a wide range of ionic and nonpolar compounds and is useful as a mobile phase in HPLC and LC–MS.

Acetonitrile is widely used in battery applications because of Acetonitrile relatively high dielectric constant and ability to dissolve electrolytes.
For similar reasons Acetonitrile is a popular solvent in cyclic voltammetry.
Acetonitrile is ultraviolet transparency UV cutoff, low viscosity and low chemical reactivity make Acetonitrile a popular choice for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Acetonitrile plays a significant role as the dominant solvent used in the manufacture of DNA oligonucleotides from monomers.
Industrially, Acetonitrile is used as a solvent for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and photographic film.

Organic synthesis:
Acetonitrile is a common two-carbon building block in organic synthesis of many useful chemicals, including acetamidine hydrochloride, thiamine, and α-napthaleneacetic acid.
Acetonitriles reaction with cyanogen chloride affords malononitrile.

As an electron pair donor:
Acetonitrile has a free electron pair at the nitrogen atom, which can form many transition metal nitrile complexes.
Being weakly basic, Acetonitrile is an easily displaceable ligand.

For example, bis(acetonitrile)palladium dichloride is prepared by heating a suspension of palladium chloride in acetonitrile:
PdCl2 + 2 CH3CN → PdCl2(CH3CN)2
A related complex is [Cu(CH3CN)4]+.

The CH3CN groups in these complexes are rapidly displaced by many other ligands.
Acetonitrile also forms Lewis adducts with group 13 Lewis acids like boron trifluoride.
In superacids, Acetonitrile is possible to protonate acetonitrile.

Production of Acetonitrile:
Acetonitrile is a byproduct from the manufacture of acrylonitrile.
Most is combusted to support the intended process but an estimated several thousand tons are retained for the above-mentioned applications.

Production trends for acetonitrile thus generally follow those of acrylonitrile.
Acetonitrile can also be produced by many other methods, but these are of no commercial importance as of 2002.

Illustrative routes are by dehydration of acetamide or by hydrogenation of mixtures of carbon monoxide and ammonia.
In 1992, 14,700 tonnes (32,400,000 lb) of acetonitrile were produced in the US.

Chemical Properties of Acetonitrile:
Acetonitrile is very soluble in water.
Acetonitrile mixes with most organic solvents, e.g. alcohols, esters, acetone, ether, benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and many unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Acetonitrile does not mix with petroleum ether and many saturated hydrocarbons.
Acetonitrile is incompatible with water, acids, bases, oleum, perchlorates, nitrating agents, reducing agents and alkali metals.

Acetonitrile decomposes on contact with acids, water and steam, producing toxic fumes and flammable vapour.
Acetonitrile reacts with strong oxidants such as nitric acid, chromic acid and sodium peroxide, causing fire and explosion hazards.

Acetonitrile forms toxic fumes of hydrogen cyanide and nitrogen oxides on combustion.
Acetonitrile attacks some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings.
Acetonitrile is a solvent also known as methyl cyanide, cyanomethane, and ethanenitrile.
Acetonitrile is colorless, volatile (bp 82 °C), flammable (flash point 2 °C), and toxic.

Acetonitrile is miscible with water and most organic solvents except for some saturated hydrocarbons.
Acetonitrile is stable under conditions of normal use.
Acetonitrile is incompatible with acids, bases, nitrating agents, nitrogenfluorine compounds, oxidizers, perchlorates and sulfites.

Acetonitrile (CH3CN) is a by-product of acrylonitrile manufacture.
Acetonitrile may also be formed by the combustion of wood and vegetation.
Acetonitrile is a liquid with an ether-like odour.
Acetonitrile is a volatile, highly polar solvent used to extract fatty acids and animal and vegetable oils.

Acetonitrile is used in the petrochemical industry in extractive distillation based on Acetonitrile selective miscibility with organic compounds.
Acetonitrile is used as a solvent for spinning synthetic fibres and in casting and moulding plastics.
In laboratories, Acetonitrile is widely used in high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis and as a solvent for DNA synthesis and peptide sequencing.

Acetonitrile is widely used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry for the formation of drugs.
Acetonitrile is also used for spinning fibers and molding and casting of plastic materials.

Acetonitrile is also used in lithium batteries, fatty acids extraction from animal and vegetable oils, and in the detection of materials, e.g., pesticide residues in the chemical industries.
Acetonitrile is also used to dye fabric and coat compositions.
Acetonitrile also serves as a chemical intermediate in perfume production.

Acetonitrile is widely used in lithium batteries, as a solvent, and for spinning fibers.
The polar nature of acetonitrile makes Acetonitrile a solvent for other organic compounds, and Acetonitrile high boiling point makes it ideal for allowing chemical reactions at even elevated temperatures.

Acetonitrile is primarily found in automobile and industrial exhaust.
Short-term inhalation exposure can cause mucous membrane irritation.

While, long-term exposure may cause headaches, tremors, and numbness.
Acetonitrile is used as a solvent for organic synthesis for a variety of purposes including pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and fine chemicals.

Physical properties of Acetonitrile:
Acetonitrile is a flammable colourless liquid with a sweet ether-like odour which is detectable at ppm levels.