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BENZOYL PEROXIDE is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of IV (across all indications) that was first approved in 1984 and is indicated for acne and has 4 investigational indications.
Benzoyl peroxide is a carbonyl compound.
Benzoyl peroxide is a commonly used drug in topical treatments for acne. It has been formulated as products with either a single active ingredient, or with erythromycin, clindamycin, or adapalene.
Benzoyl Peroxide is a peroxide with antibacterial, irritant, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-inflammatory activity. Upon topical application, benzoyl peroxide decomposes to release oxygen which is lethal to the bacteria Proprionibacterium acnes.
CAS Number: 94-36-0
EC Number: 202-327-6
Molecular Formula: C14H10O4
Molecular Weight: 242.23 g/mol
SYNONYMS: BENZOYL PEROXIDE, 94-36-0, Peroxide, dibenzoyl, Dibenzoyl peroxide, Benzoyl superoxide, Benzoperoxide, Benoxyl, Lucidol, Acetoxyl, Oxylite, Panoxyl, Persadox, Benzol peroxide, Dibenzoylperoxid, Diphenylglyoxal peroxide, Benzoylperoxid, Luperco AST, Asidopan, Loroxide, Theraderm, Benzac, Eloxyl, Mytolac, benzoyl benzenecarboperoxoate, Resdan Akne, Epi-Clear, Persa-Gel, Akneroxid 5, Dry and Clear, Duresthin 5, Nayper BO, Benzoylperoxyde, Debroxide, Novadelox, Vanoxide, Acnegel, Incidol, Garox, Topex, Xerac, Dibenzoylperoxyde, Luperox fl, Peroxyde de benzoyle, Cadox bs, Quinolor compound, Lucidol B 50, Lucidol G 20, Perossido di benzoile, Luperco AA, Nayper B and bo, benzoylperoxide, Aztec BPO, Benzoic acid, peroxide, Benzaknen, Brevoxyl, Desanden, Akneroxide L, Norox bzp-250, Norox bzp-C-35, Desquam E, Benzac W, Clear By Design, Cadox B, Benzagel 10, Lucidol (peroxide), Benzagel, Benzashave, Superox 744, Cadox 40E, Desquam X, Desquam-X, Acne-Aid Cream, Benbel C, Oxy 5, Cadox 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DESCRIPTION
Benzoyl Peroxide is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Benzoyl Peroxide is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Consumer Uses
Benzoyl Peroxide is used in the following products: fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, adhesives and sealants and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and outdoor use as reactive substance.
Article service life
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Benzoyl Peroxide is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed.
Widespread uses by professional workers
Benzoyl Peroxide is used in the following products: polymers.
ECHA has no public registered data on the types of manufacture using Benzoyl Peroxide. Other release to the environment of Benzoyl Peroxide is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and outdoor use as reactive substance.
Formulation or re-packing
Benzoyl Peroxide is used in the following products: polymers.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Uses at industrial sites
Benzoyl Peroxide is used in the following products: polymers and adhesives and sealants.
Benzoyl Peroxide is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Benzoyl Peroxide is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and rubber products.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and as processing aid.
Manufacture
Release to the environment of Benzoyl Peroxide can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Benzoyl peroxide appears as odorless white powder or granules. Benzoyl peroxide sinks in water.
A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. Benzoyl Peroxide is used also as a bleach in the food industry.
Benzoyl peroxide used in 2.5, 5, and 10 percent concentrations, depending on the acne severity. Usually these are in a gel spreading agent, but Benzoyl Peroxide can also be in a cream base or a drying paste. Benzoyl peroxide is a keratolytic, which means “keratin-dissolving” and works by loosening dead cells stuck in the follicles. Benzoyl Peroxide also releases oxygen in the follicle. Because acne bacteria are anaerobic, they cannot survive in the presence of oxygen. Benzoyl peroxide essentially works both as an interfollicular exfoliant and as an antibacterial.
Benzoyl peroxide is an odorless, white, or colorless crystalline powder with a faint odor of benzaldehyde resulting from the interaction of benzoyl chloride and a cooled sodium peroxide solution. Benzoyl Peroxide is used in specified cheeses at 0.0002% of milk level. It is also used for the bleaching of flour, slowly decomposing to exert its full bleaching action, which results in whiter flour and bread. The major decomposition product of benzoyl peroxide in water was benzoic acid, but trace amounts of phenyl benzoate, phenol, and hydroxybenzoic acids were formed. When carbon-14 labeled benzoyl peroxide was reacted with whey, the same compounds were produced.
Benzoyl Peroxide is a widely used organic compound of the peroxide family. Benzoyl Peroxide is used as a source offree radicals in many organic syntheses andto initiate polymerizations of styrene, vinylchloride, vinyl acetate, and acrylics; to cure thermoset polyester resins and silicone rubbers; in medicine for treating acne; and forbleaching vegetable oil, cheese, flour, and fats.
Benzoyl peroxide reacts exothermically withstrong acids, strong bases, amines, reducingagents, and sulfur compounds. Explosions have been reported when it reacted withcarbon tetrachloride and ethylene, lithium aluminum hydride, N,N-dimethyl aniline, hot chloroform, and methyl methacrylate.
Benzoyl peroxide is an oxidizing agent widely employed in acne topical therapy. Benzoyl Peroxide is also used as a polymerization catalyst of dental or industrial plastics and as a decolorizing agent of flours, oils, fats, and waxes.
Benzoyl peroxide products are used topically either as gels or in shampoos. Gels may be useful for treating recurrent localized skin infections (e.g., chin acne), localized Demodex lesions, superficial and deep pyodermas (adjunctive therapy), seborrhea oleosa, and Schnauzer comedo syndrome. Benzoyl peroxide possesses antimicrobial (especially antibacterial), keratolytic and antiseborrheic actions. It also is It has some mild antipruritic activity and wound healing effects, and is thought to increase follicular flushing. Benzoyl peroxide’s antimicrobial activity is due to the oxidative benzoyl peroxy radicals formed that disrupt cell membranes.
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was originally derived from chlorhydroxyquinoline, a component of coal tar. Currently, BPO is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride.
Benzoyl peroxide is used to treat acne. It works as an antiseptic to reduce the number of germs (bacteria) on the surface of your skin.
Benzoyl Peroxide is usually one of the first treatments recommended for mild to moderate acne.
Benzoyl Peroxide comes as a gel or face wash containing 5% benzoyl peroxide. This is available to buy from pharmacies or shops with the brand name Acnecide.
Benzoyl peroxide is sometimes mixed with potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate. Benzoyl Peroxide is an antimicrobial ingredient that kills micro-organisms on your skin. It's sold in pharmacies as Quinoderm cream.
Some benzoyl peroxide products are available on prescription only. This is because they contain other medicines such as antibiotics or retinoids (exfoliants). For example, Duac Once Daily contains benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin, an antibiotic. Epiduo gel contains benzoyl peroxide and adapalene, a retinoid.
Many popular skincare brands also make products that contain benzoyl peroxide, but at a lower strength. These are available to buy in pharmacies, supermarkets and shops. Brands include Clean & Clear, Neutrogena and Clearasil.
Benzoyl peroxide is commonly used to prevent and treat acne vulgaris. Acne vulgaris is a common type of acne that causes blackheads, whiteheads, and other types of pimples on your skin. It often appears on the face, chest, shoulders, and back. Some forms of benzoyl peroxide are also used to treat rosacea, a skin condition that can cause redness and pus-filled bumps on your skin.
Benzoyl peroxide may also be used for other conditions as determined by your healthcare provider.
Benzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2. In terms of its structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−). It is a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents. Benzoyl peroxide is an oxidizer, which is principally used in the production of polymers.
Benzoyl peroxide is mainly used in production of plastics and for bleaching flour, hair, plastics and textiles.
As a bleach, Benzoyl Peroxide has been used as a medication and a water disinfectant.
As a medication, benzoyl peroxide is mostly used to treat acne, either alone or in combination with other treatments. Some versions are sold mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as an over-the-counter and generic medication. It is also used in dentistry for teeth whitening. In 2021, it was the 284th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 700,000 prescriptions.
Benzoyl peroxide is effective for treating acne lesions. Benzoyl Peroxide does not induce antibiotic resistance. Benzoyl Peroxide may be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid). Two common combination drugs include benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and adapalene/benzoyl peroxide, adapalene being a chemically stable retinoid that can be combined with benzoyl peroxide unlike tezarotene and tretinoin. Combination products such as benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than benzoyl peroxide alone for the treatment of acne lesions. The combination tretinoin/benzoyl peroxide was approved for medical use in the United States in 2021.
Benzoyl peroxide for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%. No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of benzoyl peroxide are more effective than lower concentrations.
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) has been an important component of topical therapy for acne vulgaris for more than five decades due to its ability to markedly reduce Propionibacterium acnes and inflammatory acne lesions and Benzoyl Peroxide's ability to moderately reduce noninflammatory acne lesions. Unlike antibiotics, which induce alterations in bacterial structure, specific enzymes, and/or nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, BPO is directly toxic to P. acnes and other bacteria. As a result, BPO has not been associated with the development of P. acnes resistance. In addition, studies with leave-on formulations of BPO demonstrate reduction in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant P. acnes strains in patients treated concurrently with topical antibiotics, such as erythromycin or clindamycin.
BPO cleanser/wash formulations represented approximately 50 percent of prescriptions for BPO among dermatologists from 2003 through 2006. Unlike a leave-on BPO formulation, such as a gel or cream, a BPO cleanser/wash is designed to be used during the process of washing the skin followed by rinsing. This raises the question of whether or not a BPO cleanser/wash is capable of inducing therapeutic benefit with limited skin contact time during washing and after rinsing.
Benzoyl peroxide is an affordable medication that works well to clear up acne. It's available over-the-counter and comes in many different forms, but it's not a good option for people with sensitive skin.
Benzoyl peroxide is a topical acne treatment. Benzoyl Peroxide works as an antiseptic to kill bacteria that cause acne breakouts. It also fights acne by removing excess oil and dead skin cells.
You can find Benzoyl Peroxide in many over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription products marketed for clearer skin. Benzoyl peroxide formulas include skin cleansers, toners, gels, and creams.
Benzoyl peroxide products are usually used to treat mild to moderate acne. When used to treat acne, benzoyl peroxide works by reducing the amount of acne-causing bacteria and by causing the skin to dry and peel. Some brands are used to treat a certain skin condition called rosacea. Benzoyl peroxide may help to decrease symptoms caused by rosacea, such as pimples and bumps on the face.
Benzoyl peroxide has an antibacterial effect. Benzoyl Peroxide also has a mild drying effect, which allows excess oils and dirt to be easily washed away from the skin.
Benzoyl peroxide topical (for the skin) is used to treat acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is a chemical in the organic peroxide family. Benzoyl Peroxide consists of two benzoyl groups (benzaldehyde with the hydrogen of CHO removed) joined by a peroxide group. Benzoyl peroxide, like most peroxides, is a powerful bleaching agent. In the United States, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) monograph for benzoyl peroxide is 2.5% to 10% for both prescription and over-the-counter use.
Benzoyl peroxide is a topical agent that has comedolytic and broad-spectrum antibacterial effects and can be used alone or in combination with other agents including retinoids and antibiotics. Benzoyl peroxide could reduce both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions. The possible mechanisms of benzoyl peroxide in acne treatment are mild desquamation, reduction of the fatty acids in the sebum, and also antimicrobial properties against P. acnes.
Benzoyl peroxide is one of the safest and most effective treatments for inflammatory lesions and is usually used in mild to moderate acne as a first-line therapy. It works as an antimicrobial, against P. acnes, although it does not cause bacterial resistance.
