GLYCERINE

Glycerine=Glycerol=Glycerin

CAS No: 56-81-5
Linear Formula of Glycerin: HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH
Closed Formula of Glycerin: C3H8O3
Molecular Weight: 92.09
Density of glycerine: 1.26 g/cm³
Boiling Point of Glycerin: 290 °C
EC No:200-289-5
Beilstein No:635685

All names are correct and trivial names for a substance that chemically correctly, according to UIPAC nomenclature, is called propane-1,2,3-triol. 
The most common name is glycerine. 
The name glycerol is also frequently used. 
Glycerol has the correct suffix "-ol" for an alcohol (the suffix "-in" stands for alkynes or amines). 
Glycerine is a sugar alcohol and the simplest trivalent alcohol, a so-called triol.
Glycerine is a by-product of saponified, hydrolyzed or transesterified fats and oils. 
Glycerine was discovered in 1779 by the German-Swedish chemist and pharmacist Carl Wilhelm Scheele during the saponification of olive oil. 
The name of the liquid is derived from the Greek word glykys, "sweet."

Physically, glycerine is a water-soluble, colorless, odorless, clear and viscous liquid with a high boiling point. 
Chemically, glycerine is a trivalent alcohol that can be made to react and yet is stable under most conditions. 
Because of these unusual properties, its good compatibility with many other substances and its ease of processing, glycerine is used in many applications.
In 1854, the English entrepreneur, chemist and plant breeder George Fergusson Wilson developed a process to synthesize glycerine on an industrial scale. 
Today, glycerine is generally refined by distillation after extraction in its raw state.

Glycerine was traditionally a co-product of soap making, a process known as saponification. 
Historically it was of animal and fossil origin. 
Today we use 100% vegetable glycerine. 
Glycerine is produced from vegetable oils such as rapeseed, sunflower or palm oil rich in fatty acids, using a process that complies with the principles of green chemistry.
Glycerine is biodegradable and renewable. 

Glycerine can be natural or synthetic. 
Natural glycerine is produced as a result of hydrolysis of animal or vegetable fats. 
Hydrolysis is when a substance reacts to water and a chemical bond breaks down as a result. 
Synthetic glycerine is produced through chemical processes involving petroleum, propylene and chlorine.

Glycerine is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. 
In cosmetics, glycerine is one of the most frequently used ingredients for its moisturising and emollient properties.
Glycerine is a sweet tasting, colorless, odorless, nontoxic, viscous liquid that is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations. 
Glycerine has three hydroxyl groups that are responsible for its solubility in water and its hygroscopic nature. 
The glycerine backbone is central to all lipids known as triglycerides.

Glycerine is non-volatile and intensely hygroscopic (water-loving), and can be rinsed off any surface with ordinary water.
Pure glycerine has recently been found to hasten cell maturation and suppress inflammation. 
Glycerine is a major component of numerous expensive soaps.
Glycerine is produced in huge quantities in its impure form as a byproduct of biofuel generation. 
This crude form is treated mostly as a waste product and is generally disposed of or burned.
Depending on the application or labeling standard, other terms are used for glycerine: The correct molecular formula is C3H8O3. 
Gliyserins CAS number is 56-81-5, and in  the european food industry its designation is E 422. 

Glycerine is a 3-carbon alcohol, aka glycerol.
Glycerine is used here as an additive to improve consistency, flavor and preservation.
Glycerin is a triol with a structure of propane substituted at positions 1, 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups. 
Glycerin has a role as an osmolyte, a solvent, a detergent, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a geroprotector. 
Glycerin is an alditol and a triol.

Glycerol also called glycerine in British English and glycerin in American English is a simple polyol compound. 
Glycerine is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and non-toxic. 
The glycerine backbone is found in lipids known as glycerides due to having antimicrobial and antiviral properties. 
Glycerine is widely used in FDA approved wound and burn treatments. 
Glycerine is also used as a bacterial culture medium.
Glycerine can be used as an effective marker to measure liver disease.

Glycerine is also widely used as a sweetener in the food industry and as a humectant in pharmaceutical formulations. 
Owing to the presence of three hydroxyl groups, glycerol is miscible with water and is hygroscopic in nature.
Although achiral, glycerol is prochiral with respect to reactions of one of the two primary alcohols. 
Thus, in substituted derivatives, the stereospecific numbering labels the molecule with a "sn-" prefix before the stem name of the molecule.
Glycerine, also spelled as glycerin and known as glycerol, is an odorless and colorless liquid that can be found in nature. 
It’s typically made from vegetable or animal fat, but can be made synthetically as well. 

Discover the laws of attraction with glycerine, a humectant and a carrier that locks in moisture and effective ingredients, such as essential oils, into the skin. 
It is often used for its water absorbing qualities helping some products become self-preserving.
Glycerine is a byproduct of soap manufacturing and can be either synthetic or derived from plants or animals. 
When a caustic or highly alkaline material like sodium hydroxide is added to animal fats or vegetable oils (such as olive or coconut) glycerine is formed along with a fatty part, which is actually soap. 
The glycerine in Lush products is completely palm-free and vegan-friendly. 

Glycerine is derived from rapeseed oil grown in the UK.
In a similar way to honey, this clear, viscous liquid absorbs free water into its structure, creating an inhospitable environment for microbes, and making it an ideal substitute for water in products such as shower gels and creams.
Glycerine is also known for its sweet taste - in fact, its name is derived from glykys, the Ancient Greek word for ‘sweet’! 
Unlike sugar, glycerine is not used as a food source by the bacteria found in the mouth, which means it does not contribute to tooth decay or plaque.

Molecular Formula:C3H8O3 or CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH
Synonyms    
-glycerol
-glycerin
-56-81-5
-Glycerine
- 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Molecular Weight: 92.09
Hazard Classes and Categories
Eye Irrit. 2 (100%)
Aquatic Chronic 2 (22.92%)
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
Eye irritation - category 2
Skin irritation - category 2
Skin sensitisation - category 1
Hazardous to the aquatic environment (acute) - category 1
Hazardous to the aquatic environment (chronic) - category 1

Why Is Glycerine So Important?
Glycerine is found in the majority of products we use to keep us healthy and improve our quality of life. 
Glycerine is a key ingredient in the personal care, home care, food and beverage, pharmaceutical, animal feed industries, and industrial applications.
In food, it is used as a thickening agent or sweetener. 
In medicine, because the ingredient is found to be mostly non-toxic in the digestive system, it is commonly used in cough syrups, a holding agent for tables and for the production of soft gelatin capsules.
Glycerine is an essential ingredient for personal care products as well. 
Glycerines ability to absorb moisture when exposed to water makes it an excellent moisturizing agent. 

Glycerine traps moisture to give the skin a youthful and healthy glow, and because it is almost non-irritating to the skin, it is commonly found in cosmetics and skin and hair wash catered to users with sensitive skin.
Essential as a de-icing agent on airfields and for the automotive industry, glycerine’s industrial application also extends to the printer cartridges and ink we use every day.
Having outlined just some of the extensive glycerine uses, one of its best properties is its eco-friendliness. 
Glycerine is biodegradable, and scientists found that when it is released to the environment, it is distributed into the water, and negligible amounts are found in air, soil, or sediment. 
This means the ingredient has a low bioaccumulation potential, an essential factor for exporters when coping with chemical compliance.

Crude glycerine, also known as glycerol, is present in the form of esters in all vegetable fats and oils. 
Glycerine is also often seen as a byproduct of biodiesel. 
Previously, glycerine was produced by saponification to make tallow soaps. 
Today, it is derived from the oil feedstock for biodiesel through transesterification processes, the process in which fat or oil reacts with an alcohol to form esters and glycerol, accounting for around 70% of the global glycerine production, followed by hydrolysis, an oil-splitting process.
In other words, crude glycerine is derived from fats and oils that have been saponified, hydrolyzed, or transesterified. 
In Glycerines crude state, it is then purified by distillation. 
Glycerine or C3H803 is a highly pure and refined product. 
Under air-tight and proper storage conditions, it has a shelf-life of at least 12 months. 

PRODUCT INFORMATION of GLYCERINE
Glycerine is a chemical compound with three hydroxyl groups. It is widely used in pharmaceutical, health careand food industries and it is a by-product of the biodiesel (see biodiesel via transesterification factsheet1) production.
Glycerine can be produced through chemical syntheses from propylene. However, owing to the increased production of biodiesel, the bio-based pathway has become more important. 
Bio-based glycerol is mainly produced by hydrolyses or transesterification of oils and fats. 

Hydrolyses is typically performed at high pressures and temperatures. 
Transesterification is the reaction between an oil/fat and an alcohol (such as methanol) to produce esters and glycerine in the presence of a catalyst. 
Different types of catalysts may be used: alkaline or acid catalysts, homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts and enzymes. 
Supercritical transesterification can also be applied and is performed without the presence of a catalyst.
The homogeneous alkaline catalysis is the conventional method that is commonly used in industry. 
The use of alkaline catalyst allows for short reaction times and high efficiencies when low concentrations of free fatty acids are present in the raw oil/fat. 
Free fatty acids are converted to soaps under alkaline catalysis. 
Glycerine purification is energy intensive when ahomogeneous catalyst is used. 

The purification involves several steps: 
-distillation (for methanolrecovery), 
-neutralisation of the catalyst, 
-separation by decantation of waste streams
-further purification of glycerol by distillation to remove water and methanol.
The use of acid homogeneous catalysis permits the conversion of oils/fats with high contentof free fatty acids. 
However, the reaction is slow and the presence of water limits the conversion of oils/fats into esters and glycerol.

Heterogeneous and enzymes catalysis have the advantage of simplifying the separation and purification ofglycerol, and decreasing production costs and generated waste. 
The use of enzymes as catalyst for transesterification requires less energy, but also slows reaction times.
The use of supercritical alcohol was also proposed for transesterification of oils/fats. 
This method presents high conversion yields, shorter reaction times, high glycerol purity and lower amount of waste generated compared to the catalytic processes.
The drawbacks of supercritical method are the required high temperatures andpressures. 
Glycerol can be produced from oil crops, waste oils, animal fats and microalgae/algae oils. 
The maturity of various glycerol production technologies is summarized. 
The use of microalgae oils appears as the least advanced production system, while the use of oil crops and animal fats are fully commercially available.

Production of Glycerine
Glycerine is generally obtained from plant and animal sources where it occurs in triglycerides, esters of glycerol with long-chain carboxylic acids. 
The hydrolysis, saponification, or transesterification of these triglycerides produces glycerol as well as the fatty acid derivative:
Triglycerides can be saponified with sodium hydroxide to give glycerol and fatty sodium salt or soap.
Typical plant sources include soybeans or palm. 
Animal-derived tallow is another source. 

Approximately 950,000 tons per year are produced in the United States and Europe; 350,000 tons of glycerol were produced per year in the United States alone from 2000 to 2004.
The EU directive 2003/30/EC set a requirement that 5.75% of petroleum fuels are to be replaced with biofuel sources across all member states by 2010. 
Glycerine was projected in 2006 that by the year 2020, production would be six times more than demand, creating an excess of glycerol.
Glycerine from triglycerides is produced on a large scale, but the crude product is of variable quality, with a low selling price of as low as 2-5 U.S. cents per kilogram in 2011.
Glycerine can be purified, but the process is expensive. 
Some glycerine is burned for energy, but its heat value is low.
Crude glycerine from the hydrolysis of triglycerides can be purified by treatment with activated carbon to remove organic impurities, alkali to remove unreacted glycerol esters, and ion exchange to remove salts. 
High purity glycerine (> 99.5%) is obtained by multi-step distillation; a vacuum chamber is necessary due to its high boiling point (290 °C).

Informations about Synthetic Glycerine
Although usually not cost-effective, glycerine can be produced by various routes from propene. 
The epichlorohydrin process is the most important: Synthetic glycerine involves the chlorination of propylene to give allyl chloride, which is oxidized with hypochlorite to dichlorohydrins, which reacts with a strong base to give epichlorohydrin. 
This epichlorohydrin is then hydrolyzed to give glycerol. 
Chlorine-free processes from propylene include the synthesis of glycerine from acrolein and propylene oxide.

Applications of Glycerine

Food industry
In food and beverages, glycerol serves as a humectant, solvent, and sweetener, and may help preserve foods. 
Glycerine is also used as filler in commercially prepared low-fat foods (e.g., cookies), and as a thickening agent in liqueurs. 
Glycerine and water are used to preserve certain types of plant leaves.
As a sugar substitute, it has approximately 27 kilocalories per teaspoon (sugar has 20) and is 60% as sweet as sucrose. 
Glycerine does not feed the bacteria that form a dental plaque and cause dental cavities.

As a food additive, glycerol is labeled as E number E422. 
Glycerine is added to icing (frosting) to prevent it from setting too hard.
As used in foods, glycerol is categorized by the U.S. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics as a carbohydrate. 
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) carbohydrate designation includes all caloric macronutrients excluding protein and fat. 
Glycerine has a caloric density similar to table sugar, but a lower glycemic index and different metabolic pathway within the body, so some dietary advocates accept glycerol as a sweetener compatible with low-carbohydrate diets.
Glycerine is also recommended as an additive when using polyol sweeteners such as erythritol and xylitol which have a cooling effect, due to its heating effect in the mouth, if the cooling effect is not wanted.

What are glycerins benefits?
Glycerine is an exceptionally good moisturising, emollient and protective agent.
Glycerines ability to capture and retain water slows down the evaporation of water from the surface of the skin.
The skin is better hydrated, more supple and protected. Glycerine is also a humectant (wetting agent), which promotes scalp hydration, disciplines the hair and improves curl definition.

The Facts of Glycerine:
Glycerine has excellent affinity with water and is capable of absorbing 25% of its weight in water.
Numerous studies have proven its ability to diffuse and be stored in the upper layers of the skin. 
Pure glycerine, or glycerol, has a wide range of applications in the food, pharmaceutical, medical and personal care industries, as well as a variety of industrial and scientific uses.
In foods and beverages, glycerol serves as a humectant, solvent, and artificial sweetener. 

Glycerine is also used as filler in commercially prepared low-fat foods, and as a thickening agent in liqueurs.
Glycerine is used in medical, pharmaceutical and personal care preparations mainly as a means of improving smoothness, providing lubrication, and as a humectant. 
Glycerine  is found in allergen immunotherapies, cough syrups, elixirs and expectorants, toothpaste, mouthwashes, skin care products, shaving cream, hair care products, glycerin soaps and water-based personal lubricants. 
Nitroglycerin is the most commonplace treatment for chronic angina, the chest pain of heart disease.
Topical pure or nearly pure glycerol is an effective treatment for psoriasis, burns, bites, cuts, rashes, bedsores, and calluses. 

Glycerine can be used orally to eliminate halitosis, as it is a contact bacterial desiccant. 
The same property makes it very helpful with periodontal disease; it penetrates biofilm quickly and eliminates bacterial colonies.
In surface science, glycerol is shown to reduce the coefficient of friction of polymer-coated surfaces by several orders of magnitude. 
Glycerine  is also used as an alcohol-free alternative to ethanol as a solvent in preparing herbal extractions.
Glycerine is used to produce nitroglycerin, or glyceryl tinitrate (GTN), which is an essential ingredient of smokeless gunpowder and various explosives such as dynamite, gelignite, and propellants like cordite.

Medical, Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Applications of Glycerine
A bottle of glycerin purchased at a pharmacy.
Personal lubricants commonly contain glycerol.
Glycerine is an ingredient in products such as hair gel.
Glycerine suppositories used as laxatives.
Glycerin is mildly antimicrobial and antiviral and is an FDA approved treatment for wounds. 

The Red Cross reports that an 85% solution of glycerin shows bactericidal and antiviral effects, and wounds treated with glycerin show reduced inflammation after roughly 2 hours.
Due to this Glycerol is used widely in wound care products, including glycerin based hydrogel sheets for burns and other wound care. 
Glycerine is approved for all types of wound care except third degree burns, and is used to package donor skin used in skin grafts. 
There is no topical treatment approved for third degree burns, and so this limitation is not exclusive to glycerin.

Glycerine is used in medical, pharmaceutical and personal care preparations, often as a means of improving smoothness, providing lubrication, and as a humectant.
Ichthyosis and xerosis have been relieved by the topical use of glycerin.
Glycerine is found in allergen immunotherapies, cough syrups, elixirs and expectorants, toothpaste, mouthwashes, skin care products, shaving cream, hair care products, soaps, and water-based personal lubricants. 
In solid dosage forms like tablets, glycerol is used as a tablet holding agent. 
For human consumption, glycerol is classified by the U.S. FDA among the sugar alcohols as a caloric macronutrient. 
Glycerine is also used in blood banking to preserve red blood cells prior to freezing.

Glycerine is a component of glycerin soap. 
Essential oils are added for fragrance. 
This kind of soap is used by people with sensitive, easily irritated skin because it prevents skin dryness with its moisturizing properties. 
Glycerine draws moisture up through skin layers and slows or prevents excessive drying and evaporation.
Taken rectally, glycerol functions as a laxative by irritating the anal mucosa and inducing a hyperosmotic effect,expanding the colon by drawing water into it to induce peristalsis resulting in evacuation.
Glycerine may be administered undiluted either as a suppository or as a small-volume (2–10 ml) enema. 
Alternatively, it may be administered in a dilute solution, e.g., 5%, as a high volume enema.

Taken orally (often mixed with fruit juice to reduce its sweet taste), glycerol can cause a rapid, temporary decrease in the internal pressure of the eye. 
This can be useful for the initial emergency treatment of severely elevated eye pressure.
Research on the effects of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri on Clostridium difficile grown in a laboratory found that when the probiotic was supplemented with glycerol, it converted it into the broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound reuterin. 
The reuterin acted as an antimicrobial agent, and worked as well as vancomycin to inhibit C. difficile growth. 
In addition, the researchers found that glycerol or L. reuteri alone were not effective against C. difficile, and that the reuterin did not harm the good bacteria in the complex gut community.
Glycerine has also been incorporated as a component of bio-ink formulations in the field of bioprinting. 
The glycerol content acts to add viscosity to the bio-ink without adding large protein, carbohydrate, or glycoprotein molecules.

Glycerine is a humectant, which is a substance that retains moisture. 
Humectants work by drawing moisture from the air and delivering it to the skin. 
Because of it’s moisturizing abilities, glycerine helps prevent wrinkles, breakouts, and improves the overall health of the skin.
Glycerine’s moisturizing virtues make it a wonderful ingredient in skincare. 
Glycerine’s ability to retain  moisture in the skin helps those with especially dry or cracked skin.

6 Uses for Glycerine, a Jack-of-all-trades Wonder Compound
Sometimes a chemist comes up with a really cool compound that can fix one or two really important problems, and other times somebody discovers a material that has literally a gajillion uses. 
Glycerine, also known as glycerol, has about a gajillion uses — and that's not really an exaggeration.
Glycerine was first discovered in 1779 by a Swedish chemist named Carl Wilhelm Scheele — the same guy who first described the attributes of oxygen and a bunch of other elements like hydrogen, barium and chlorine. 
The late author and biochemist Isaac Asimov referred to him as "hard-luck Scheele," due to the fact that he was scooped by other scientists in publishing some of his most important findings, thereby losing full credit for these discoveries.
Scheele discovered glycerine accidentally while boiling together olive oil and lead monoxide, and he called the resulting material "the sweet principle of fat," because of its slightly sweet taste. 
Later, the French chemist Michel-Eugène Chevreul named it glycerine (from glykys, the Greek word for sweet).

Glycerine is a non-toxic, transparent, viscous, water-soluble liquid with a high boiling point that can be found in both vegetable and animal fats. 
Chemically, it acts like an alcohol, in that it can be reacted in some situations, but it's generally stable. Here are a few of the gajillion uses for this miraculous stuff:
This medication is used as a moisturizer to treat or prevent dry, rough, scaly, itchy skin and minor skin irritations (such as diaper rash, skin burns from radiation therapy). 
Emollients are substances that soften and moisturize the skin and decrease itching and flaking. 
Some products (such as zinc oxide, white petrolatum) are used mostly to protect the skin against irritation (such as from wetness).

Dry skin is caused by a loss of water in the upper layer of the skin. 
Emollients/moisturizers work by forming an oily layer on the top of the skin that traps water in the skin. 
Petrolatum, lanolin, mineral oil and dimethicone are common emollients. 
Humectants, including glycerin, lecithin, and propylene glycol, draw water into the outer layer of skin. 
Many products also have ingredients that soften the horny substance (keratin) that holds the top layer of skin cells together (including urea, alpha hydroxy acids such as lactic/citric/glycolic acid, and allantoin).
Glycerine helps the dead skin cells fall off, helps the skin keep in more water, and leaves the skin feeling smoother and softer.

1. Soap
Glycerine is an ingredient in many soaps, but strangely enough, soapmaking is also a way to produce glycerine. 
Chemists sometimes even formulate industrially-manufactured soap as a means to produce glycerine, which is the commercial name for glycerol.
Glycerine is produced through the saponification process, which creates soap by converting oil or fat into soap and glycerine by heating the lipids and adding an alkali like sodium hydroxide, or lye. 
"Melt and pour" soaps that are molded into fun shapes generally have a high glycerine content.

2. Hair and Skin Care Products
Because glycerol is a humectant, meaning it can attract and bind moisture to it, it's a common ingredient in beauty products meant to moisturize, like lotions, conditioners and shampoos. 
Glycerine in haircare products can keep hair from overdrying and splitting and is used in shampoos that treat dandruff and itchy scalp.
Lotions and skin care products use glycerine for the same reasons hair care products use them: 
They attract and chemically hold onto moisture. Lotions, for instance, generally contain three main ingredients: a humectant; an emollient, which smooths cellular rough spots; and an occlusive, which provides a protective barrier over the skin so moisture doesn't escape. 
Glycerine is the most commonly used humectant in skin care because it pulls moisture to the surface of the skin from the air and from deeper layers of the skin, leaving your complexion looking dewy.

3. Food
Glycerine is useful as a food additive, as it serves scads of different functions. 
Glycerine's a sugar alcohol, so it can act as a sweetener, although it's around 60 to 75 percent as sweet as sugar. 
Glycerine's generally preferred over other sugar alcohols like sorbitol and mannitol because it's less likely to have a laxative effect when eaten.
Because of glycerine's moisture binding properties, it helps preserve breads, cakes and energy bars, preventing them from drying out.
Glycerines viscous texture can add thickness and smoothness to liquids. 
Because glycerine's such a jack-of-all-trades, glycerine can be found in drinks, condiments, cake icings, soft candies, canned soup, marshmallows and chewing gum.

4. Pharmaceuticals
Because glycerine is naturally sweet, it's used to make medicines like cough syrups and lozenges more palatable.
But glycerine s sweetness isn't the only benefit of glycerine in medicines — it's a great thickener for topical ointments. 
Glycerine suppositories attract water out of the colon to move things along in the digestive system. 
Otherwise, glycerine is used as an excipient — just a neutral vehicle for the active ingredients in things like eye drops, ear drops and gel capsules. 
Glycerine is also used as a medium for freezing things like sperm, red blood cells and other living tissues.

5. Paints, Inks and Plastics
Glycerine has lots of industrial applications. 
For instance, it used to be the main ingredient in antifreeze, but it's largely been replaced by other chemicals that don't taste as sweet, and therefore don't attract and kill animals when it's spilled on the ground.
Glycerine is an important building block of paints and resins used for coating things like wires. 
Glycerine 's also used as a softener in plastics, and is used extensively in food wrappers because it's nontoxic and can prevent shrinkage.

6. Vaping Liquid
Vegetable glycerine is a common base in many vaping fluids for e-cigarettes, which some vapers prefer because high glycerine content makes for a very visible aerosol.

EIGHT BENEFITS OF GLYCERINE FOR SKIN CARE
Glycerine is one of the most valuable substances in the world and is found in a wide variety of everyday products. 
Due to its outstanding moisturizing properties, glycerine is commonly used in skin care products. 
Whether you only use natural skin care products or household brands, it's highly likely you'll find glycerine on labels throughout your home.
Glycerine may sound like a foreign chemical, but natural glycerine exists in all animal and vegetable matter.
Glycerine has many uses and benefits when it comes to beauty and skin care, but not all glycerine products are created equal. 
In this post, we'll explain how glycerine works wonders for skin, how you can add glycerine to your skin care routine and which type of glycerine to use for maximum benefits.

Glycerine is found in many moisturizing skin care products and soaps. 
Glycerine is well-loved as a lotion and soap ingredient because it's a humectant. 
A humectant is a substance that pulls water from the second layer of the skin and brings it to the top layer of the skin. 
If the humidity is high, humectants also draw moisture from the air. 
As a result, glycerine hydrates skin, helps you shed dead skin cells and gives your skin a smooth, youthful glow.

Glycerine is a Humectant.
Due to it's gentle, moisturizing qualities, glycerine is a preferred soap ingredient for individuals with sensitive skin. 
Pure glycerine soap will not dry out the skin or make it itchy and irritated like harsh soaps with fragrances and various chemicals. 
Strong soap can wash away the skin's natural oils and dry out the skin, which can lead to a range of issues. 
Glycerine, on the other hand, keeps skin moist and soft while gently cleaning the skin. 
Because glycerine is so effective as a skin moisturizer, you can find it in products such as:

-Cleansers: Glycerine won't add oil to the skin or clog pores, making it an excellent cleanser for individuals who have acne-prone skin. 
Any skin type can use facial cleansers containing glycerine to wash away dirt and grease without drying out their skin.

-Toners: Toners containing glycerine are a great way to freshen the skin without making skin feel sticky or greasy. 
Glycerine toners allow individuals with naturally oily skin to hydrate their skin with a light, refreshing mist.
-Sunscreen: Sunscreen helps guard the skin against damaging UV rays. 
Glycerine can be found in some sunscreens as a natural moisturizer and to help make the sunscreen more spreadable.

-Moisturizers: Glycerine's most impressive feature is its moisturizing capabilities. 
As a humectant, glycerine can be found in many moisturizing products like face creams and hand and foot lotions — just to name a few. 
As glycerine draws moisture to the skin's surface, it fills in wrinkles for a smooth, soft feel and appearance.

-Face Masks: Some face masks contain glycerine to brighten and moisturize skin. 
You can use a glycerine face mask for fast hydration and immediate age-defying results.

-Soaps: Glycerine is commonly found in many different types of soaps and body washes.
Because glycerine is gentle and won't dry out the skin, it is also a common ingredient in baby skin products.

GLYCERINE BENEFITS FOR SKIN
There are many benefits of glycerine in skin care, whether you have oily skin, sensitive skin or dry skin. 
All-natural, pure glycerine skin care products also have no harmful impact on the environment. 
If you choose vegetable glycerine, you can also feel good about using products that did not involve animal harm.
Let's look at the top eight benefits of using natural glycerine for skin care, as well as why you'll want to include it in your daily routine and DIY skin care products.
Glycerine Benefits For Skin

1. KEEPS SKIN YOUNG
Applying glycerine to your skin traps moisture in your skin and gives it a youthful, healthy glow. 
By drawing moisture to the top layer of skin, glycerine helps reduce the appearance of wrinkles and keeps skin looking soft and smooth.
Glycerine also improves skin function to slow down aging. 
For example, a study published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology shows that glycerine may also help skin cells mature properly. 
Glycerine helps guide young skin cells from the deepest layers to the surface to form the skin's protective barrier. As a result, glycerine makes skin look, feel and function better overall.
To reduce premature skin aging, the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) recommends applying a facial moisturizer every day and cleaning your skin gently. 
They also recommend washing your face after sweating heavily and to discontinue using skin care products that burn or irritate your skin. 
Glycerine is the perfect ingredient for gentle cleaning and moisturizing.

2. GLYCERIN REDUCES ACNE
Some ingredients commonly found in cleansers and moisturizers for acne are actually too harsh for the skin. 
Strong skin care products can make acne worse for some individuals by causing inflammation and irritation. 
Glycerine, however, can be used to beautify your skin without the side effects of harsher products.
Also, glycerine is oil-free and non-comedogenic, meaning it won't clog your pores. 
Clogged pores lead to breakouts, so glycerine for oily skin may be the right solution.
Glycerine Reduces Acne

3. GLYCERIN'S SAFE
When it comes to choosing skin care ingredients, you'll want to consider safety above all else. 
Your skin plays a critical role in protecting your body by keeping fluids in, keeping harmful bacteria and viruses out and regulating your body temperature even. 
Therefore, you'll want to use safe products that promote healthy skin.
Some perfumes and chemicals can dry out the skin, clog the pores or cause irritation. 
Glycerine will not clog pores or dry out the skin, and it's safe to use. 
According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), glycerine is generally recognized as safe. 
To illustrate glycerine's safety level, consider that glycerine is used in over 120 baby products and more than 15,000 cosmetic products. 
According to the Cosmetic Ingredient Review, there were no signs of toxicity or adverse effects when human subjects were orally administered glycerine in orange juice with each meal for 50 days.

4. GLYCERIN'S GENTLE
Gentle cleansers and moisturizers are important for keeping skin comfortable and healthy, especially for individuals who are prone to acne. 
Acne-prone individuals are often told to use exfoliators to remove dead skin cells. 
Gritty, abrasive scrubs can remove dead skin cells and leave skin feeling soft, but they can also be too harsh for acne-prone skin and cause further irritation and redness where there's a breakout.
Glycerine offers a gentle way to exfoliate, clean and moisturize skin without causing irritation. 
Individuals with acne want to remove dirt and oil when cleaning their skin, but they also want to make sure they're gentle with the outer layer of skin. 
Gentle cleansers that include glycerine are ideal for individuals with dry skin, as well. 
Glycerine's important for all skin types to treat their skin gently and prevent irritation.

5. GLYCERIN HEALS SKIN
Where the skin is dry, damaged and cracked, glycerine can come to the rescue and increase skin hydration. 
Glycerine may be used to help skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis and to help heal wounds resulting from cracked skin. 
Overall, glycerine promotes skin health by improving skin function, accelerating the wound healing process, and protecting skin against irritants. 
Glycerine has even demonstrated antimicrobial effects.

6. GLYCERIN MOISTURIZES SKIN
Glycerine acts like a sponge and draws more moisture to itself. It also helps slow down the evaporation of water from the skin, which can help keep skin moist and hydrated in the middle of winter.
Several scientific studies provide evidence that glycerine effectively moisturizes and hydrates skin. 
For example, a study published in the Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology compared creams containing glycerine to creams that did not contain glycerine. 
Researchers found that the cream containing both glycerine and silicone oil had the highest moisturizing value and held hydration the longest compared to the cream that did not contain glycerine. 
The cream with glycerine showed a superior ability to boost skin hydration and decrease water loss.
Another study published in The Journal of the Japanese Society of Balneology, Climatology and Physical Medicine investigated the effects of adding glycerine to bath water and dry skin. 
Researchers found that participants who bathed in water with glycerine experienced significant improvement in skin moisture levels at the forearm and forehead, and higher skin moisture levels in other areas of the body compared to the group that did not use glycerine. 
They concluded that a bath of glycerine and warm water maintains skin moisture and prevents skin disorders.
Lastly, a study published in 2015 concluded that glycerine has considerable anti-irritant and anti-inflammatory properties.

7. GLYCERIN PROTECTS SKIN
During the winter, humidity levels drop outside, and cold air causes moisture in your skin to evaporate quickly. 
As a result, winter air can make skin dry, cracked and flaky. When skin breaks down, it becomes more susceptible to wounds and infection. 
A moisturizing lotion containing glycerine locks moisture in your skin and can be especially helpful in protecting hands, feet, elbows, knees and other parts of the body that typically get dry. 
Glycerine can also help protect skin from the effects of wind or dry indoor air.
To further protect your skin, it's a good idea to apply skin-moisturizing glycerine after showering. 
Glycerine will help hold moisture in your skin after you wash the natural oils away from your body. 
You might choose glycerine soap rather than soaps that contain harsh detergents to keep skin soft, smooth and protected. 
You can incorporate glycerine in your routine every day to benefit from its hydrating qualities year-round.
8. GLYCERIN PRESERVES OTHER INGREDIENTS
If you create your own glycerine skin care products for consumers or personal use, you'll be pleased to know that glycerine acts as a preservative in addition to all of its other health benefits. 
According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), glycerine has outstanding antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. 
It's both a solvent and preservative in skin care products that contain herbal extracts.

What does glycerine do to your body?
-Performs as a natural moisturizer
-Repairs damaged skin
-Aids in repairing skin tissue and healing scars
-Prevents wrinkles and fine lines
-Treats skin infections  

What are some ways I can use glycerine? 
The ways in which glycerine can be used on the body doesn’t stop at just dry skin. 
Several other cosmetic benefits this liquid can be used to: 

-Cleanse the face
-Help relieve psoriasis and eczema
-Help heal cracked heels and hands 
-Help heal chapped lips
-Help heal wounds due to its natural antiviral and bactericidal properties
-Help with dandruff and dry, itchy scalp
-Improve hair health

Can I use glycerine on my face?
Yes, glycerine is safe to use on the face and body. 
Because of its naturally moisturizing abilities, it can be found in many beauty products—it’s one of the main ingredients in our Healthy Glow Face Cream.

Can I use glycerine on my face everyday?
Yes, glycerine can be used as a cleanser, toner and moisturizer. 

Can I apply glycerine on my face at night?
Yes, glycerine can be safely used at night. 
If you would like to use at night, we recommend using it as described above, or, you can create your own glycerine overnight mask. 

Can glycerin be applied directly to lips?
Yes, glycerine is a wonderful substitute for chapstick. 
Glycerine ’s moisturizing compounds help your lips  lock in moisture so you won’t have to reapply glycerine the way you do with chapstick. 
For the best results, dilute glycerine with lemon juice apply in the evenings before bed. 

Why does glycerine feel warm?
Glycerine bonds with the skin. Once it touches your skin, it begins to match your skin’s temperature, creating a warming effect.

Is glycerine good for hair growth?
Glycerine itself won’t make your hair grow, but it can aid in moisturizing hair, which can help with hair growth. 
The best way to grow hair is to create healthy hair. 
Glycerine helps hair lock in moisture to prevent hair breakage. 
However, since glycerine pulls moisture from its environment, it’s best to use glycerine for hair in humid environments. 
If you use glycerine on your scalp when it’s too dry outside, moisture can actually be drawn from your scalp, which can be damaging. 

Tips for using glycerine on hair:
-Always check the weather before using glycerine for your hair
-Never use straight glycerine in your hair—always dilute with water first 
The best ways to ensure healthy hair growth: 
-Moisturized hair
-Get regular trims
-Avoid hair dryers and flat irons
Is glycerine bad for hair?
-If used correctly, glycerine boasts benefits for a healthy head of hair. 

Due to it’s humectant quality of pulling moisture from its environment, if applied directly to hair in a dry environment or without added water, glycerine can have a drying effect. 
This is because glycerine will pull moisture from your scalp instead of the air, which can actually dry your skin and lead to hair problems. 
If used correctly though, glycerine can aid in the health of hair.  

Is glycerine good for scars?
Yes, glycerine can help reduce the appearance of scars. 
Many cosmetic brands use glycerine as a main ingredient in their acne scar healing products.  

Is glycerine bad for you?
No, glycerine is considered to be safe to use. 
With any cosmetic, there is the chance that you may have sensitivities to the substance. 
While glycerine is considered to be safe for sensitive skin types, when applying straight glycerine to the skin, it’s wise to apply a small amount on a small patch of skin to ensure you do not have a reaction. 

Is rosewater and glycerin good for skin?
Both rosewater and glycerine have powerful moisturizing properties. 
That’s why we love our Glycerine Rosewater Hand Therapy  and our Silky Body Cream for their restorative qualities. 

Botanical extracts
When utilized in "tincture" method extractions, specifically as a 10% solution, glycerol prevents tannins from precipitating in ethanol extracts of plants (tinctures). 
Glycerine is also used as an "alcohol-free" alternative to ethanol as a solvent in preparing herbal extractions. 
Glycerine is less extractive when utilized in a standard tincture methodology. 
Alcohol-based tinctures can also have the alcohol removed and replaced with glycerine for glycerines preserving properties. 
Such products are not "alcohol-free" in a scientific or FDA regulatory sense, as glycerol contains three hydroxyl groups. 
Fluid extract manufacturers often extract herbs in hot water before adding glycerol to make glycerites.

When used as a primary "true" alcohol-free botanical extraction solvent in non-tincture based methodologies. 
Glycerine has been shown to possess a high degree of extractive versatility for botanicals including removal of numerous constituents and complex compounds, with an extractive power that can rival that of alcohol and water–alcohol solutions.
That glycerine possesses such high extractive power assumes it is utilized with dynamic (i.e. critical) methodologies as opposed to standard passive "tincturing" methodologies that are better suited to alcohol. 
Glycerine possesses the intrinsic property of not denaturing or rendering a botanical's constituents inert like alcohols (i.e. ethyl (grain) alcohol, methyl (wood) alcohol, etc.) do. 
Glycerine is a stable preserving agent for botanical extracts that, when utilized in proper concentrations in an extraction solvent base, does not allow inverting or mitigates reduction-oxidation of a finished extract's constituents, even over several years.
Both glycerine and ethanol are viable preserving agents. 
Glycerine is bacteriostatic in its action, and ethanol is bactericidal in its action.

Electronic cigarette liquid
Glycerin is often used in electronic cigarettes to create the vapor
Glycerin, along with propylene glycol, is a common component of e-liquid, a solution used with electronic vaporizers. 
This glycerol is heated with an atomizer (a heating coil often made of Kanthal wire), producing the aerosol that delivers nicotine to the user.

Antifreeze
Like ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, glycerol is a non-ionic kosmotrope that forms strong hydrogen bonds with water molecules, competing with water-water hydrogen bonds. 
This interaction disrupts the formation of ice. 
The minimum freezing point temperature is about −36 °F (−38 °C) corresponding to 70% glycerol in water.
Glycerine was historically used as an anti-freeze for automotive applications before being replaced by ethylene glycol, which has a lower freezing point. 
While the minimum freezing point of a glycerol-water mixture is higher than an ethylene glycol-water mixture.
Glycerine is not toxic and is being re-examined for use in automotive applications.
In the laboratory, glycerol is a common component of solvents for enzymatic reagents stored at temperatures below 0 °C due to the depression of the freezing temperature. 
Glycerine is also used as a cryoprotectant where the glycerol is dissolved in water to reduce damage by ice crystals to laboratory organisms that are stored in frozen solutions, such as fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and mammalian embryos.

Chemical Intermediate
Glycerine is used to produce nitroglycerin, which is an essential ingredient of various explosives such as dynamite, gelignite, and propellants like cordite. 
Reliance on soap-making to supply co-product glycerol made it difficult to increase production to meet wartime demand. 
Hence, synthetic glycerol processes were national defense priorities in the days leading up to World War II. 
Nitroglycerin, also known as glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) is commonly used to relieve angina pectoris, taken in the form of sub-lingual tablets, patches, or as an aerosol spray.
An oxidation of glycerol affords mesoxalic acid. 
Dehydrating glycerol affords hydroxyacetone.

Vibration damping
Glycerine is used as fill for pressure gauges to damp vibration. 
External vibrations, from compressors, engines, pumps, etc., produce harmonic vibrations within Bourdon gauges that can cause the needle to move excessively, giving inaccurate readings.
The excessive swinging of the needle can also damage internal gears or other components, causing premature wear. 
Glycerine when poured into a gauge to replace the air space, reduces the harmonic vibrations that are transmitted to the needle, increasing the lifetime and reliability of the gauge.
Niche uses

Film industry
Glycerine is used by the film industry when filming scenes involving water to stop areas from drying out too quickly.
Glycerine is used—combined with water (around in a 1:99 proportion)—to create a smooth smoky environment. 
Glycerine is used—combined with water is vaporized and pushed into the room with a ventilator.

Ultrasonic couplant
Glycerine can be sometimes used as replacement for water in ultrasonic testing, as it has favourably higher acoustic impedance (2.42MRayl vs 1.483MRayl for water) while being relatively safe, non-toxic, non-corrosive and relatively low cost.
Internal combustion fuel
Glycerine is also used to power diesel generators supplying electricity for the FIA Formula E series of electric race cars.

Research on uses
Research has been conducted to produce value-added products from glycerol obtained from biodiesel production.
Examples (aside from combustion of waste glycerol):
Hydrogen gas production
Glycerine acetate is a potential fuel additive.
Glycerine is one of the most used additive for starch thermoplastic.
-Conversion to propylene glycol
-Conversion to acrolein
-Conversion to ethanol
-Conversion to epichlorohydrin,a raw material for epoxy resins

Metabolism
Glycerine is a precursor for synthesis of triacylglycerols and of phospholipids in the liver and adipose tissue. 
When the body uses stored fat as a source of energy, glycerol and fatty acids are released into the bloodstream.
Glycerine is mainly metabolized in the liver. 
Glycerine injections can be used as a simple test for liver damage, as its rate of absorption by the liver is considered an accurate measure of liver health. 
Glycerine metabolism is reduced in both cirrhosis and fatty liver disease.

Circulating glycerine does not glycate proteins as do glucose or fructose, and does not lead to the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). 
In some organisms, the glycerine component can enter the glycolysis pathway directly and, thus, provide energy for cellular metabolism (or, potentially, be converted to glucose through gluconeogenesis).
Before glycerine can enter the pathway of glycolysis or gluconeogenesis (depending on physiological conditions), it must be converted to their intermediate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate in the following steps:
The enzyme glycerine kinase is present mainly in the liver and kidneys, but also in other body tissues, including muscle and brain.
In adipose tissue, glycerine 3-phosphate is obtained from dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) with the enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

Etymology
The origin of the gly- and glu- prefixes for glycols and sugars is from Greek γλυκύς glukus which means sweet.

What Is Vegetable Glycerin? 
Uses&Benefits
Vegetable glycerin, also known as glycerol or glycerine, is a clear liquid typically made from soybean, coconut or palm oils.
It is odorless and has a mild, sweet taste with a syrup-like consistency.
Vegetable glycerin is particularly popular in the cosmetic industry but has several other uses as well.
Glycerine may also provide health benefits, ranging from skin health to better hydration and a strengthened gut.

Glycerin is a sugar alcohol derived from animal products, plants or petroleum.
Vegetable glycerin is the variant made from plant oils. It is said to have been accidentally discovered more than two centuries ago by heating a mixture of olive oil and lead monoxide.
But it only became economically and industrially significant in the late 1800s when it was first used to make dynamite.
Vegetable glycerin is made by heating triglyceride-rich vegetable fats — such as palm, soy and coconut oils — under pressure or together with a strong alkali, such as lye.
This causes the glycerin to split away from the fatty acids and mix together with water, forming an odorless, sweet-tasting, syrup-like liquid.
Vegetable glycerin is a slightly sweet, syrupy liquid made by heating vegetable fats under pressure or together with a strong alkali.

Common uses of Vegatable Glycerine
Vegetable glycerin is widely used in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
For instance, it is often added to foods to help oil and water-based ingredients mix, sweetening or moistening the final product.
It can be also used to prevent ice crystals from forming in frozen foods, such as low-fat frozen yogurt, ice cream and other desserts.
Glycerin is a common ingredient in pharmaceutical drugs, including heart medication, suppositories, cough remedies and anesthetics.
Additionally, you can find vegetable glycerin in toothpaste, as it helps prevent the toothpaste from drying out or hardening in the tube.
What’s more, it’s commonly added to soaps, candles, lotions, deodorants and makeup.
Vegetable glycerin has several uses. The most popular are cosmetics, pharmaceutical drugs and food products.

Potential Benefits of Vegatable Glycerine
Vegetable glycerin is touted as a product with numerous health benefits.
However, only a few benefits are supported by science — and the related studies tend to be few and small. 
Keep in mind that more studies are needed on its health benefits.
The following benefits have the most research behind them.
-Vegatable Glycerine May Moisturizes Skin
-Vegetable glycerin is a popular skincare treatment because of its moisturizing power.

Research shows that applying glycerin to your skin may gradually improve its smoothness and suppleness. 
In fact, using creams containing glycerin may increase skin hydration in as few as 10 days (1Trusted Source, 2Trusted Source).
In one study, a cream made from glycerin was more effective than those made from silicone oil or hyaluronic acid at hydrating skin and preventing loss of moisture.
In another study, adding glycerin to a warm water bath was more effective at improving skin moisture levels and protecting against skin irritation than a warm water bath alone.

Vegatable Glycerine May Promotes Skin Health
Vegetable glycerin may lead to better skin health by helping soothe skin irritation, protect against infection and promote wound healing.
Studies show that applying glycerin-containing products may protect your skin against irritants and microbes, as well as soothe inflamed or wounded skin (5Trusted Source, 6Trusted Source).
Moreover, vegetable glycerin may act as a barrier to safeguard your skin from the elements, including wind and cold (5Trusted Source).
Another study reports that vegetable glycerin may be more effective than a placebo at reducing sensations of smarting in people with eczema. 
However, it appears to have no effect on stinging, itching, drying or irritation (7Trusted Source).

Vegatable Glycerine May Reduces Constipation
Vegetable glycerin may provide some relief from constipation.
That’s because it can draw water into your gut. 
This has a laxative effect, which helps digested food move through your gut more smoothly.
For this reason, glycerin is often used as a suppository.
In one study, glycerin suppositories were significantly more effective at reducing constipation caused by pain-killing medication than other types of laxatives.
A glycerin enema was 16.5% more effective at relieving constipation than a liquid soap enema.
Glycerin may boost hydration and athletic performance

Glycerin may also boost hydration, which can improve your athletic performance.
Dehydration can greatly impair athletic performance, especially when sweat loss exceeds 2% of your body weight (10Trusted Source).
A good strategy to avoid dehydration is to drink enough liquids both before and during exercise. 
However, it can be impractical to drink during certain types of physical activity. 
In such a case, drinking plenty beforehand is key.
The problem with drinking large amounts in a short timespan is that a sizable portion of the fluid is generally lost through urine in the following hour.
However, in one meta-analysis, adding 1.1g/kg of body weight, or .5g/lb of body weight, to water drunk before exercise increased fluid retention by 50% compared to water alone. 

Glycerin may also lead to small improvements in athletic performance.
A glycerin drink was also more effective than water or a sports drink at improving hydration in athletes who lost significant amounts of water through sweating during exercise.
Vegetable glycerin may act as a moisturizer, reduce skin irritation, protect against infection and boost wound healing. 
Vegetable glycerin may also help relieve constipation and promote hydration and physical performance.
Vegetable glycerin is a clear, odorless and sweet-tasting liquid derived from vegetable fats.
It is added to food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and may offer health benefits, such as moisturized and resilient skin, relief from constipation, improved hydration and better physical performance.
If you’d like to give vegetable glycerin a try, start with a small amount to see how you react.

Production of Vegetable Glycerine
There are two different types of glycerine − vegetable and petrochemical glycerine. 
Nowadays, the petrochemical production process is only seldom used. 
Vegetable oils, so-called triglycerides form the basis for the production of glycerine.
Today, vegetable glycerine is produced on a large scale using three established processes. 
What they have in common is that the glycerine is a by-product of a reaction that is mainly used to manufacture another product. 

Glycerin is therefore a so-called co-product.
-Saponification – co-product in soap production 
-Hydrolytic cleavage – co-product in fatty acid production 
-Transesterification – co-product in biodiesel production
-Production of vegetable glycerine
-Uses of Vegetable Glycerine

Cosmetics
As it is harmless for health and environment, skin-friendly and odorless, glycerine is used both as a humectant and an emollient in cosmetics, personal care products and household products.
In creams, glycerine is a moisturizing component. 
Vegetable Glycerinesupports skin care and, at the same time, prevents the cream from drying out.
As glycerine is also odorless, it is a good base for adding perfume and is used as a substance carrier in personal and hair care products.
The production of toothpaste, for example, is a large area of application. 
Here glycerine is used to improve the taste, prevent dehydration and lend a shine. 
Toothpaste can contain 20-30% glycerine.

Use of Glycerin in Food Technology
There is also broad scope for the use of glycerine in foodstuffs and beverages: as a preservative, a consistency and flavor enhancer, as a solvent for flavors and food colors in soft drinks and confectionary. 
In sweets and cakes as well as casings for chocolates, meat and cheese it serves as a humectant and emollient.
Pharmaceuticals
Glycerine is one of the most often used ingredients for drugs. 
Glycerine acts as a solvent, moistener, humectant, and bodying agent in tinctures, elixirs, and ointments.
Other well-known uses include gargles, cough medicines, capsules, lozenges, suppositories, and anesthetics, as well as an additive in antibiotics and antiseptics.

Use of Glycerin in Household Products
Glycerine is also contained in many household products and detergents, for example as a humectant or softener. 
Glycerine is very kind to the skin and harmless to health and the environment.

The Importance of Glycerine in Animal Feeds
Animal feed also benefits from the advantages glycerine offers: it is used in dry feed to store moisture and improve the taste. 
In veterinary medicine, glycerine is used as a source of glucose in bovine ketosis.

Technical Uses of Glycerine
In the technical field, glycerine is used to manufacture antifreeze agents, among other things. 
The solidification point of refined glycerine 99.5% is +18°C. Mixed in water at a concentration of 66.7%, its solidification point is -46°C.
This property is excellent for glycerine’s use as an antifreeze agent in formulations.
As a chemical alcohol, glycerine is also needed in numerous reactions in the production of chemicals. 
Here the range of applications is very broad. 
Glycerine is also typically used in the production of alkyd resins. 
Further technical uses are in the manufacture of paper, textiles and lubricants.

How to use Glycerin Liquid?
Use this product as directed. 
Some products require priming before use. 
Follow all directions on the product package. 
If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
Some products need to be shaken before use. 
Check the label to see if you should shake the bottle well before using. 
Apply to the affected areas of the skin as needed or as directed on the label or by your doctor. 
How often you apply the medication will depend on the product and your skin condition. 

To treat dry hands, you may need to use the product every time you wash your hands, applying it throughout the day.
If you are using this product to help treat diaper rash, clean the diaper area well before use and allow the area to dry before applying the product.
If you are using this product to help treat radiation skin burns, check with radiation personnel to see if your brand can be applied before radiation therapy.
Follow all the directions on the label for proper use. 
Apply to the skin only. Avoid sensitive areas such as your eyes, inside your mouth/nose, and the vaginal/groin area, unless the label or your doctor directs you otherwise. 
Check the label for directions about any areas or types of skin where you should not apply the product (such as on the face, any areas of broken/chapped/cut/irritated/scraped skin, or on a recently shaved area of the skin). 
Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.
Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it.

Most moisturizers need water to work well. 
Apply the product after bathing/showering while the skin is still damp. 
For very dry skin, your doctor may instruct you to soak the area before using the product. 
Long, hot, or frequent bathing/washing can worsen dry skin.
If your condition lasts or gets worse, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, seek immediate medical attention.

WAYS TO ADD GLYCERINE TO YOUR SKIN CARE ROUTINE
It's very easy to add glycerine to your skin care routine. 
In fact, you may already use it since it's in so many products. 
To make sure you benefit from glycerine's superior moisturizing power, check the ingredients of your favorite lotions and creams and make sure they include glycerine. 
If you're just getting started, look for high-quality, natural products that include glycerine in their ingredients list.

Recipes with Glycerine
You can incorporate glycerine in all aspects of skin care. 
For example, you might:
-Wash your face with glycerine cleanser
-Apply glycerine moisturizer to skin after bathing
-Apply a glycerine face mask weekly
If you want to make your own skin care products for yourself or your customers, there are plenty of ways to use glycerine in the manufacturing process to create ultra-soothing skin care products you and customers will love. 
Here are nine ideas and recipes for making natural glycerine skin care products you can use in your routine every day for gorgeous skin all year long.
Ways to Add Glycerine to Your Skin Care Routine

1. FACIAL CLEANSER
The AAD recommends washing your face twice a day — once in the morning and once at night, and especially after sweating. 
You can use this homemade glycerine facial cleanser to clean and moisturize skin effectively. 

2. HYDRATING TONER
Using a toner prepares the skin for a moisturizer after washing the face. 
A toner helps to get rid of any excess dirt or oil that may be left behind after washing. 
If you don't use a toner, it may be time to consider making it part of your routine. 
There are several benefits of using a toner, including that it:
-Helps balance your skin's pH level for a bright, smooth appearance
-Helps remove toxins from the skin to reduce acne and slow aging
-Shrinks and tightens pores to keep toxins from entering the skin
-Helps prevent future breakouts by removing oil and dead skin cells
-Hydrates and moisturizes skin creating a youthful radiance
-In short, a toner hydrates your skin before locking in moisture. 

Glycerine's important to both hydrate and moisturize your skin — there's a difference between dehydrated skin and dry skin.
Dehydrated skin lacks water, not oil. Dry skin, on the other hand, produces less oil than normal skin. 
So, it's possible to have oily and dehydrated skin at the same time. 
Dehydrated skin may be caused by weather, diet or caffeine consumption. 
You can test your skin's hydration levels by doing the following:
-Pinch your cheek
-Look for wrinkles under gentle pressure
-If you see wrinkles with slight pressure, your skin needs water. 
Using a toner, drinking plenty of water, and eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables can help hydrate your skin. 

3. FACIAL MOISTURIZER
After you wash your face and apply toner, you'll want to use glycerine for skin moisturizing. 
Applying a glycerine face moisturizer will reduce wrinkles and keep skin soft and smooth. 
This is especially important if you suffer from dry, itchy skin. 
Dry skin commonly appears around eyebrows, the nose and the mouth. 
When choosing an essential oil, consider your skin type. 
Here are a few tips to help you decide:
All Skin Types: Choose lavender or rose oil
Dry Skin: Choose cedarwood or rosewood
Oily Skin: Choose lemon or orange oil
You'll also want to consider your skin type when choosing your vegetable oil:
All Skin Types: Choose sweet almond or apricot oil
Dry Skin: Choose avocado oil
Oily Skin: Choose peanut or sesame oil

4. MOISTURIZER FOR ACNE-PRONE SKIN
Acne is the most common skin condition in the United States. 
Although some people have more sensitive skin than others, anyone can get acne at any time in their life.
Acne is the result of clogged pores. Under normal circumstances, dead skin cells rise to the surface and fall from the body. 
When the body produces lots of oil, the dead skin cells can stick together and become trapped in a pore. 
Sometimes, bacteria get trapped in a pore and quickly multiply.
The pore can become inflamed and turn into a cyst if it goes deep into the skin.

Although there are several causes of acne breakouts, from undergoing hormonal changes to sweating, you can keep pores from getting clogged by following a skin care routine. 
Part of this routine includes a moisturizer.
People who have frequent acne breakouts may avoid moisturizer thinking it will make their skin more oily and make acne worse. 
However, moisturizer may actually help reduce skin irritation and prevent acne if your skin becomes dry. 
For example, if you use cleansers made especially for treating acne, your skin might get dry. 
When skin becomes dry, your body produces more oil, which can clog pores and lead to a breakout.
If you suffer from acne, the AAD recommends looking for moisturizers that are:
-Free of oil
-Non-comedogenic
Glycerine is the perfect ingredient for a moisturizer for acne-prone skin because it is both of the above. 

5. NOURISHING MASK
Face masks give an instant beauty boost by absorbing excess oil, hydrating skin and reducing inflammation and dryness. 
This glycerine face mask, in particular, holds in moisture and works great to soothe dry skin. 
Here are some tips for getting the most out of the face mask:
Clean your skin before applying the mask to open and unclog pores
Close your pores after using the mask to lock in ingredients by washing off the mask with cold water
Apply moisturizer to seal in mask ingredients

6. ANTI-AGING MASK
Use a mask made of glycerin to temporarily tighten the skin and reduce wrinkles.
The protein in the egg white along with the glycerine helps to tighten and hydrate the skin for a stunning appearance.

7. ALL-OVER SOAP
You can treat your entire body to gentle, moisturizing glycerine soap. 
Glycerine soap is the ideal cleanser for individuals with sensitive skin. 
To make glycerine soap, you need plant oil like coconut or vegetable oil, lye, alcohol, liquid glycerine and distilled water. 

8. CRACKED HEEL SOLUTION
Cracked heels are a common problem and usually are only a cosmetic issue. 
However, in some cases cracks can be deep and painful. 
Glycerine helps skin feel and look healthier and more supple. 

Storage Conditions
Glycerine should preferably be stored at 40 - 60 °C under nitrogen blanketing. 
Glycerine is corrosive and presents little risk of ignition because of its high flash point. 
Highly concentrated glycerol does not corrode steel, but storage tanks of carbon steel must be protected by surface coating to prevent rusting by residual moisture. 
Glycerine is therefore usually stored in tanks of stainless steel or aluminum.

Glycerin oral solution should be stored in tight containers at a temp less than 40 °C, perferably between 15-30 °C; freezing should be avoided. 
Glycerin ophthalmic soln should be protected from light and stored in tight glass or plastic containers. The ophthalmic soln should be ... discarded 6 mo after the dropper is first placed in the soln.
Glycerin rectal suppositories should preferably be stored at less than 25 °C.
Store container tightly closed. Store at room temperature: 15 deg - 30 °C (59 deg - 86 °F). 
Do not exceed 30 °C (86 deg F).

Synonyms:
glycerol
glycerin
56-81-5
Glycerine
1,2,3-Propanetriol