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CAS NUMBER: 520-26-3
EC NUMBER: 208-288-1
MOLECULAR FORMULA: C28H34O15
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 610.56
Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruits.
Hesperidins aglycone form is called hesperetin. Its name is derived from the word "hesperidium", for fruit produced by citrus trees.
Hesperidin was first isolated in 1828 from the white inner layer of citrus peels.
Hesperidin is believed to play a role in plant defense.
Hesperidin 6-O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl-beta-D-glucosidase, an enzyme that uses hesperidin and H2O to produce hesperetin and rutinose, is found in the Ascomycetes species.
Studies of the behavior of hesperidin and hesperetin (the aglycone) with DMPC liposomes find the aglycone penetrates more deeply and binds more strongly to the "membrane."
This may explain the better bioavailability of bioflavonoid aglycones in general.
Hesperidin phytochemical extracted from citrus species.
Hesperidin is the rhamnoglucoside (rutinoside) of hesperetin.
Hesperidin is a plant chemical that is classified as a "bioflavonoid."
Hesperidin is most commonly found in citrus fruits.
People use Hesperidin as medicine.
Hesperidin, alone or in combination with other citrus bioflavonoids (such as diosmin), is most commonly used for blood vessel conditions such as hemorrhoids, varicose veins, and poor circulation.
Hesperidin may help blood vessels function better.
Hesperidin may also reduce inflammation.
Hesperidin is a plant chemical classified as a "bioflavonoid".
Hesperidin is a component primarily found in citrus fruits and has therapeutic properties for many diseases in the human body.
Used alone or in combination with other citrus bioflavonoids, it is mostly used in blood vessel diseases such as hemorrhoids, varicose veins and poor circulation.
Hesperidin is also used to treat lymphedema, a complication that can occur in surgery and a condition involving fluid retention.
The phytochemical hesperidin is mainly found in citrus fruits such as lemons and oranges.
The highest concentration of hesperidin is found in the white parts and pulp of citrus peels.
Hesperidin can also be found in some green vegetables.
Hesperidin is known as a flavanone glycoside richly found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges and grapefruit.
The presence of this compound has also been demonstrated in unripe sour oranges, Ponderosa lemons, Citrus unshiu and C. mitis.
In addition to Citrus species, Hesperidin can also be isolated from other plant species, such as Fabaceae, Papilionaceae, Betulaceae, Lamiaceae, Zanthoxylum species, and Acanthopanax setchuenensis.
Neohesperidin is a bitter compound found in bitter orange (Citrus aurantium).
The effect of hesperidin administration on blood vessel disorders such as edema, bleeding, pleurisy, and tuberculosis has been observed by reducing permeability and increasing capillary resistance.
Hesperidin also shows antihypercholesterolemic, antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, diuretic effects and calcium channel blocker activities.
The application of some of the substances contained in Hesperidin has caused an anti-fertility effect.
In addition to the biological activities mentioned above, hesperidin has important brain cell protective properties in various neurodegenerative diseases.
The limited availability of hesperidin and hesperetin is another important factor to consider.
Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid believed to play a beneficial role in a number of different body systems.
Supplementation with hesperidin has been proven to have a number of benefits for overall health.
Hesperidin is an antioxidant that may help protect the body against free radical damage.
The antioxidant properties of Hesperidin have been found to protect neurons in the body, especially against oxidative damage.
Protecting neurons helps hesperidin protect brain cells and maintain healthy mental functioning.
The powerful antioxidant ability that Hesperidin provides also allows it to protect the liver.
One study found that people with extreme cold sensitivity can be treated with oral hesperidin supplementation.
Hesperidin has been found to promote the dilation of blood vessels throughout the outside of the body, allowing for a better circulation of heat.
Another study found that hesperidin stimulates the production of nitric oxide (NO), a substance that has been shown to relax blood vessels.
Dilation of blood vessels can help lower blood pressure.
When combined with diosmin, hesperidin is commonly used to treat hemorrhoids and leg ulcers.
A certain subtype of hesperidin called glucosyl hesperidin has been shown to lower triglyceride levels in people who have extremely high levels in their blood.
Hesperidin has also been shown to slightly lower bad cholesterol in those with unstable cholesterol levels.
Both of these can help reduce the risk of developing arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Many health care practitioners use hesperidin to help with menopausal symptoms.
When combined with vitamin C, supplementation with hesperidin has been shown to help reduce the frequency and severity of hot flashes.
Hesperidin has also been found to have a mild sedative effect that can help alleviate the mental-emotional symptoms of menopause, especially anxiety.
In recent research, a hesperidin metabolite called hesperetin has been shown to inhibit tumor cell growth and also inhibit hormone production.
This provides great potential for further study in the treatment.
As a flavanone found in the rinds of citrus fruits, hesperidin is under preliminary research for its possible biological properties in vivo.
One review did not find evidence that hesperidin affected blood lipid levels or hypertension.
Another review found that hesperidin may improve endothelial function in humans, but the overall results were inconclusive.
The biosynthesis of hesperidin stems from the phenylpropanoid pathway, in which the natural amino acid L-phenylalanine undergoes a deamination by phenylalanine ammonia lyase to afford (E)-cinnamate.
The resulting monocarboxylate undergoes an oxidation by cinnamate 4-hydroxylase to afford (E)-4-coumarate, which is transformed into (E)-4-coumaroyl-CoA by 4-coumarate-CoA ligase.
Hesperidin is then subjected to the type III polyketide synthase naringenin chalcone synthase, undergoing successive condensation reactions and ultimately a ring-closing Claisen condensation to afford naringenin chalcone.
The corresponding chalcone undergoes an isomerization by chalcone isomerase to afford (2S)-naringenin, which is oxidized to (2S)-eriodictyol by flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase.
After O-methylation by caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, the hesperitin product undergoes a glycosylation by flavanone 7-O-glucosyltransferase to afford hesperitin-7-O-β-D-glucoside.
Finally, a rhamnosyl moiety is introduced to the monoglycosylated product by 1,2-rhamnosyltransferase, forming hesperidin.
Hesperidin, a member of the flavanone group of flavonoids, can be isolated in large amounts from the fruit pulp and rind of some citrus species.
Hesperidin is accumulated at a high level in various orange, mandarin, lemon, lime, and grapefruit varieties.
Hesperidin was first isolated.
In the early studies, hesperidin was reported to possess vitamin-like activity and to decrease capillary permeability, leakiness, and fragility.
Hesperidin deficiency has been linked with abnormal capillary leakiness and pain in the hands, feet, and leg cramps at night.
Over the past decades, extensive research was conducted on the bioactivity of hesperidin, and numerous biological properties, principally anti-inflammatory activities have been identified.
Hesperidin is a flavonoid that is found in high concentrations in certain fruits.
Hesperidins are largely responsible for the colors of fruits and vegetables, but they aren’t just for those vivid aesthetics.
Hesperidin is a plant chemical that is classified as a “bioflavonoid.”
Hesperidin is found primarily in citrus fruits.
Hesperidin alone, or in combination with other citrus bioflavonoids, is most often used for blood vessel conditions such as hemorrhoids, varicose veins, and poor circulation.
Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid, a type of plant pigment with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects found primarily in citrus fruit.
Oranges, grapefruit, lemon, and tangerines all contain hesperidin, which is also available in supplement form.
Hesperidin is purported to provide a wide range of health benefits, ranging.
Not all of these benefits are supported by strong scientific research.
Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid, with high concentration in citrus fruits.
In addition to its well-known benefits for cardiovascular function, type II diabetes, and anti-inflammation, recent studies have demonstrated multiple benefits of hesperidin for cutaneous functions, including wound healing, UV protection, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, and skin lightening.
In addition, hesperidin enhances epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis in both normal young and aged skin.
The mechanisms by which hesperidin benefits cutaneous functions are attributable to Hesperidins antioxidant properties, inhibition of MAPK-dependent signaling pathways, and stimulation of epidermal proliferation, differentiation, and lipid production.
Because of Hesperidins low cost, wide availability, and superior safety, hesperidin could prove useful for the management of a variety of cutaneous conditions.
Hesperidin (Hesperetin 7-rutinoside), a flavanone glycoside, is isolated from citrus fruits.
Hesperidin has numerous biological properties, such as decreasing inflammatory mediators and exerting significant antioxidant effects.
Hesperidin also exhibits antitumor and antiallergic activities.
Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid, a type of plant pigment with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects primarily found in citrus fruits.
Orange, grapefruit, lemon, and tangerine contain hesperidin, which is also available in supplement form.
Hesperidin is claimed to provide a wide variety of health benefits, from treating to soothing the body when it comes to a fever.
Not all of these benefits are backed by strong scientific research.
In this article, there is information about what hesperidin is, where it is found and its benefits.
Hesperidin is thought to have beneficial effects on blood vessels.
Hesperidin is touted as a natural remedy for a number of health problems, including allergies, hemorrhoids, high blood pressure, hot flashes, hay fever, sinusitis, symptoms associated with menopausal changes, premenstrual syndrome, and varicose veins.
Hesperidin is also said to improve circulation, reduce inflammation.
Citrus fruit consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.
Many clinical studies investigating the effect of hesperidin on markers of cardiovascular disease have produced mixed results.
For example, a 2016 study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition investigated the effect of six weeks of hesperidin supplementation on blood vessels in overweight men and women.
While there was no significant change in the enlargement seen during flow in the vessel, a subset of people with relatively healthy endothelial function had improvement in endothelial function after eating a high-fat meal.
Hesperidin is a flavonoid substance which has flavanone oxygen glycoside structure.
Hesperidin is weakly acidic with pure being white needle-like crystals.
Hesperidin is also the main component of vitamin P.
Hesperidin becomes a natural sweetener, dihydrochalcone, whose sweetness is 1,000 times as high as sucrose.
Hesperidin can be used as a functional food for application.
Hesperidin has a variety of biological characteristics.
Modern research has found that: hesperidin has various effects such as antioxidant, anti-mildew, anti-allergy, lowering blood pressure, inhibiting, maintenance of osmotic pressure, increasing capillary toughness, and lowering cholesterol.
Related studies have shown that hesperidin has broad antibacterial spectrum on common food contamination.
Hesperidin has significant inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella bacteria, hemolytic streptococcus and Vibrio cholerae.
Hesperidin is widely applied in food additives and food processing.
Hesperidin is a kind of drug for treatment of hypertension and myocardial infarction.
Hesperidin is used as the pharmaceutical raw material in the pharmaceutical industry and is one of the main components of a Chinese patent medicine, beniol.
Hesperidin has various effects such as anti-lipid oxidation, scavenging oxygen free radicals, and anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-bacterial.
Long-term use can delay aging.
Hesperidin is a kind of flavonoids with clear defined pharmacological activity as well as extensive function of flavonoids.
In addition to its application in medicine, it also has wide application in sports pharmacy and sports nutrition and therefore has broad prospects of development and utilization.
Hesperidins related research work is expected to subject to further deepening.
Hesperidin has various effects such as maintaining osmotic pressure, increasing capillary toughness, shortening the bleeding time, and reducing the cholesterol.
Hesperidin is clinically used for the adjuvant treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Hesperidin can be used for cultivating various kinds of drugs for preventing arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction.
Hesperidin is one of the major raw materials for synthesizing Chinese patent medicine “beniol”.
Hesperidin can be used as natural antioxidants in the food industry and can also be used in the cosmetics industry.
Hesperidin is mostly presented in the waste of citrus processing such as fruit skin and fruit bag with the highest content being presented in mature skin and tissue (30%-50% in the peel, orange envelope, nuclear, pulp contains 30%-50%, epicarp contains 10%-20%).
Orange juice and capsule contain a relative low amount being 1% to 5%.
Extraction methods of hesperidin include solvent extraction, alkaline extraction and acid precipitation, carbon adsorption, ion exchange, wherein the alkali extraction and acid precipitation method is simple, low-cost, and has a high extraction rate.
Hesperidin can be dissolved in dilute alkali and pyridine as well as hot water (over 70 °C).
Hesperidin is also slightly soluble in methanol but almost insoluble in acetone, benzene and chloroform.
The extraction of hesperidin mainly take advantage of its two phenolic hydroxyl groups which under alkaline conditions, has reaction with the sodium ion in the solution to generate sodium salt to be dissolved out; then acidify, cool to precipitate it from solution.
Extraction of hesperidin from citrus peels commonly adopts heat extraction and soaks extraction method with a non-idea yield.
In recent years, studies on the ultrasonic extraction of the effective components from natural plants have been widely carried out, and have already obtained some progress.
The extraction is first based on the hesperidins’ ring-opening dissolution under alkaline conditions and then further loop closure precipitation for being separated out under acidic conditions.
Hesperidin is light yellow crystalline powder with melting point being 258-262 °C.
Hesperidin is easily soluble in pyridine, sodium hydroxide solution; soluble in dimethyl formamide; slightly soluble in methanol and hot glacial acetic acid; very slightly soluble in ether, acetone, chloroform and benzene.1g of this product can be dissolved in 50L water.
Hesperidin is odorless and tasteless.
Hesperidin is a vitamin P type medicine.
Hesperidin is mainly used to enhance the toughness of capillaries.
The derivative of hesperidin, methyl hesperidin is also vitamin P type medicine.
Hesperidin has been listed in as a variety in Japan's《Japanese Standard of food additives.
Hesperidin is a vitamin drug which can reduce the fragility of capillary used for the adjuvant treatment of hypertension.
Hesperidin exists mainly in the peel of lemon, orange, and Seville orange flower, which belong to facilitating medicine.
These Chinese medicines are warm and fragrant with the function of eliminating depression and knots.
They cure abdominal distension, belching swallow acid pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea or constipation caused by the spleen, and stomach qi zhi; and they also cure depression, hernia, breast pain, and menoxenia caused by liver qi; moreover, they cure chest pain, cough, and asthma, which are caused by lung qi.
Modern research has shown that medicines have an extensive effect, such as regulatory effect on the digestive system, and they control the bronchial smooth muscle, the uterus smooth muscle, and the cardiovascular system.
The base of the effect of medicines in inverse, anti-nausea, antidiarrheal, and analgesia pharmacological effects is its effect in inhibiting gastric bowel movement; its exciting gastrointestinal movement is the foundation to eliminate swelling; its effect in relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscle is the foundation of pharmacological effects in antinausea.
Hesperidin is a flavanone rutinoside first isolated from citrus peels.
Hesperidin is metabolized by intestinal bacteria to an aglycone form, hesperetin, which is thought to be more bioavailable due to reduced polarity that allows for increased cell permeability.
Hesperidin has been shown to increase the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin on MCF-7 and cells in vitro by inhibiting cell cycle progression and upregulating apoptosis.
Hesperidin also is reported to produce estrogenic effects, decreasing serum and hepatic lipid concentrations and reducing osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.
Hesperidin produces free radical scavenging activity in various.
Hesperidin has the effect to maintain osmotic pressure, strengthen the capillary toughness, shorten the bleeding time, lower cholesterol, and so on.
Although hesperidin cannot be used as independent medication, it is recorded in the pharmacopoeia that hesperidin, as auxiliary materials, is widely used to aid in the treatment of cardiovascular system; it can be configured as a variety of drugs to prevent hardening of the arteries and myocardial infarction.
Hesperidin is a disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted a-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.
Hesperidin has a role as a mutagen.
Hesperidin is a disaccharide derivative, a member of 3'-hydroxyflavanones, a dihydroxyflavanone, a monomethoxyflavanone, a flavanone glycoside, a member of 4'-methoxyflavanones and a rutinoside.
Hesperidin derives from a hesperetin.
BENEFITS:
-Hesperidin improves vascular diseases such as varicose veins by reducing capillary permeability.
-Hesperidin is used to reduce hay fever and other allergic conditions.
-By playing an active role in bones and joints, it accelerates the healing of melts and injuries.
-Hesperidin is touted as a natural remedy for a number of health problems, including allergies, hemorrhoids, high blood pressure, hot flashes, hay fever, sinusitis, symptoms associated with menopausal changes, premenstrual syndrome, and varicose veins.
-Hesperidin is also said to improve circulation, reduce inflammation.
-Both hesperidin and hesperetin act as antioxidants.
-Both have radical scavenging activity, meaning they stop free radicals from damaging cells.
-In a clinical study in 16 healthy people, a mixture of citrus flavonoids increased antioxidant activity after meals, which may help prevent the development of chronic disease.
-Daily consumption of orange juice lowered blood sugar in a small trial on 10 apparently healthy women.
-Similarly, a supplement containing hesperidin and other citrus flavonoids (Eriomin) helped reverse this condition by reducing blood sugar, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress in a trial in more than 100 pre-diabetic people.
PROPERTIES:
Quality Level: 200
biological source: Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck
assay: ≥80%
form: powder
mp: 250-255 °C (dec.) (lit.)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
SMILES string: COc1ccc(cc1O)[C@@H]2CC(=O)c3c(O)cc(O[C@@H]4O[C@H](CO[C@@H]5O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]5O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)cc3O2
InChI: 1S/C28H34O15/c1-10-21(32)23(34)25(36)27(40-10)39-9-19-22(33)24(35)26(37)28(43-19)41-12-6-14(30)20-15(31)8-17(42-18(20)7-12)11-3-4-16(38-2)13(29)5-11/h3-7,10,17,19,21-30,32-37H,8-9H2,1-2H3/t10-,17-,19+,21-,22+,23+,24-,25+,26+,27+,28+/m0/s1
InChI key: QUQPHWDTPGMPEX-QJBIFVCTSA-N
SYNONYM:
Hesperidoside
Hesper bitabs
Hesperetin-rutinosid
Hesperidine
Ciratin
(S)-(-)-Hesperidin
NSC 44184
UNII-E750O06Y6O
Hesperetin 7-rhamnoglucoside
Hesperetin 7-rutinoside
Hesperitin-7-rutinoside
MLS001304066
(2S)-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
Hesperetin 7-O-rutinoside
