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Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is widely used for electronics applications, e.g. HHPA cured epoxy resins have excellent dielectric properties, high-temperature stability, and high glass transition temperatures.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is used as a curing agent in adhesive coatings and sealant materials, e.g. for the second-generation two-part epoxy adhesive synthesis.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is also used in the manufacture of alkyd and polyester resins, insecticides, and rust preventives.
CAS Number: 85-42-7
Molecular Formula: C8H10O3
Molecular Weight: 154.16
EINECS Number: 201-604-9
Synonyms: Hexahydrophthalic anhydride, 85-42-7, Hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, 1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, HHPA, Lekutherm Hardener H, 1,3-Isobenzofurandione, hexahydro-, Hexahydrophthalic acid anhydride, Araldite HT 907, Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, 1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride, octahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione, NT 907, NSC 8622, hexahydro-1,3-isobenzofurandione, CHEBI:103210, Hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione, EINECS 201-604-9, 71749-03-6, DTXSID8026515, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione, HSDB 7912, MFCD00064863, (+)-trans-1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Anhydride, 1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic anhydride, DTXCID906515, Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride, EC 201-604-9, 1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, cis + trans, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride(HHPA);Hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, trans-1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, 1,3-Isobenzofurandione, hexahydro-, trans-, trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, NSC-8622, MFCD00674194, MFCD00674195, HEXAHYDROPHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE [HSDB], EINECS 238-009-9, HHPAA, (3aR,7AS)-hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, rel-(3aR,7aR)-Hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, hexahydrophtalic anhydride, Epitope ID:122664, SCHEMBL15324, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, CHEMBL273968, NSC8622, 1,3-Isobenzofurandione, hexahydro, Hexahydro-isobenzofuran-1,3-dione, Tox21_200661, BBL011768, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride, STK387488, 1,2-cyclo-hexandicarboxylic anhydride, Hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione #, 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, AKOS000119684, AKOS016352936, CS-W018047, DS-4586, SB44842, CAS-85-42-7, NCGC00248785-01, NCGC00258215-01, AC-19638, SY234481, SY234482, DB-042035, DB-042579, DB-056869, C1417, C1657, NS00005320, EN300-18014, D70901, A841328, J-501171, J-521450, Q26840977, Z57127491, F0001-0429, 1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride predominately cis, Cyclohexane-1,2-dicaboxylic anhydride, cis and trans mixture, 1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Acid anhydride;1,3-Isobenzofurandione, hexahydro-;3-Isobenzofurandione,hexahydro-1;Araldite HT 907;hexahydro-3-isobenzofurandione;Lekutherm Hardener H;NT 907;CALCIUM 2-NAPTHYLPHOSPHATE
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is a cyclic anhydride that can be used for a variety of applications such as: plasticizer, rust inhibitor, and a curing agent for epoxy based resins.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is mainly used in the chemical industry as a monomer for polymerization processes.
The compound belongs to the cyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides.
However, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is not usually the direct result of dehydration of the corresponding carboxylic acid.
Instead, it is produced from phthalic anhydride by a nuclear hydrogenation.
The addition of six hydrogen atoms in this reaction gives Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) its name.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is used as a starting material for the manufacture of polyester resins, binders and paints.
Among other things, it contributes to greater weather resistance of the polymerization product and better resistance to UV light.
Compared to phthalic anhydride and isophthalic acid, which are cheaper to produce, the compound also causes the polymers produced to have a lower viscosity.
As a result, there is less need to add potentially environmentally harmful solvents to the end product.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA)’s low melt viscosity, as well as its high mix ratio with epoxy resins, makes it particularly suitable as hardener for epoxy resin for applications where high filler loadings are required.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is preferred over other aromatic anhydrides in casting and coating applications for his higher resistance to yellowing.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) has high-temperature stability, excellent dielectric properties, and high glass transition temperatures.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) s an organic compound belonging to the class of cyclic anhydrdes.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) s a White, sold crystalline material with a melting point of 74- 76°C and a molecular weight of 162.15 g/mol.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) s a White sold or clear liquid if melted with molecular formula C8H10O3.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) s a White crystalline powder
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) s a cyclic dcarboxylic anhydrde that s the cyclic anhydrde of hexahydrophthalic acid.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C8H10O3, classified as a cyclic anhydride derived from hexahydrophthalic acid.
It is a white to off-white crystalline solid or waxy material at room temperature, and it may have a faint characteristic odor.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is a versatile compound widely used in industrial and manufacturing processes due to its reactivity and compatibility with various chemical systems.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is synthesized by the catalytic hydrogenation of phthalic anhydride under controlled conditions.
This process reduces the aromatic ring of phthalic anhydride to a saturated cyclohexane ring, resulting in HHPA.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is commonly used as a curing agent for epoxy resins, providing mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and thermal stability.
This makes it an essential component in coatings, adhesives, and composite materials.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is used in the production of plasticizers, improving the flexibility and durability of polymers such as PVC.
It acts as a precursor in the synthesis of other chemical compounds, including alkyd resins, unsaturated polyester resins, and specialty chemicals.
Due to its high dielectric strength and thermal stability, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is employed in the manufacturing of electrical insulating materials for electronics and power systems.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is utilized in the production of paints and coatings, offering enhanced resistance to environmental and chemical degradation.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.
Prolonged exposure may lead to sensitization or allergic reactions, particularly in industrial settings.
Inhalation or skin contact with Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) may cause asthma-like symptoms or dermatitis in sensitized individuals.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) should be disposed of in accordance with local environmental regulations to prevent potential harm to ecosystems.
Store in a cool, dry place, away from moisture and direct sunlight.
Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection, during handling.
Ensure adequate ventilation in work areas to minimize inhalation exposure.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is characterized by its unique chemical structure, which features a cyclohexane ring connected to a dicarboxylic anhydride group.
This structure imparts specific reactivity and stability under controlled conditions.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) has a melting point in the range of 33–35 °C and a boiling point around 158–160 °C when subjected to reduced pressure, making it relatively easy to handle in industrial processes.
While it is sparingly soluble in water, it reacts with water to form Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA), showcasing its anhydride nature.
Additionally, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is highly soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, benzene, and toluene, which facilitates its use in a variety of chemical formulations.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is extensively used as a curing agent for epoxy resins, a class of materials that are indispensable in coatings, adhesives, and composite manufacturing.
The reaction between Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) and epoxy resins produces cross-linked networks with excellent mechanical strength, high thermal stability, and superior resistance to chemical degradation.
These properties make Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA)-cured epoxy systems highly suitable for industrial coatings, electronic encapsulation, and structural composites.
In the plastics industry, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) serves as a precursor for the production of plasticizers, which enhance the flexibility, durability, and processability of polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
By modifying polymer chains, HHPA-based additives significantly improve the performance characteristics of finished plastic products.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) acts as a key intermediate in the synthesis of alkyd and unsaturated polyester resins, both of which are vital components of paints, varnishes, and other protective coatings.
These resins benefit from Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA)’s chemical reactivity, enabling efficient cross-linking and film formation in end-use applications.
The compound's ability to withstand high temperatures and provide excellent electrical insulation properties makes it a preferred choice in the manufacturing of materials for electronics and electrical systems.
Components such as transformers, capacitors, and insulative coatings utilize HHPA for its performance in challenging environments.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is employed in the formulation of specialty coatings, adhesives, and sealants that demand resistance to environmental factors such as UV radiation, moisture, and chemical exposure.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA)s inclusion in such formulations improves adhesion and durability under harsh conditions.
Melting point: 32-34 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 158 °C17 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.18
vapor pressure: 0.31Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.4620 (estimate)
RTECS: NP6895168
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Chloroform, Methanol (Slightly)
form: Solid
pka: 4.14[at 20 ℃]
color: White to Off-White
Water Solubility: 4.2g/L at 20℃
Sensitive: Moisture Sensitive
BRN: 83213
Exposure limits ACGIH: Ceiling: 0.005 mg/m3
Stability: Moisture Sensitive
LogP: -4.14 at 20℃
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA)'s groups and uses include adhesives and sealants, industrial chemicals, coatings, and paints.
Other applications include industrial use as a monomer in the manufacture of resins, industrial use as an intermediate in chemical synthesis or processing, industrial use as a hardener for epoxy resins, and the manufacture of substances (liquids and flakes).
A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA).
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is an alicyclic acid anhydride which has excellent characteristics as a polyester alkyd resin raw material or epoxy resin hardener.
As it does not contain double bond in molecular formula, it can be a raw material of resins with great weather resistance.
When Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is used as a raw material of paints or artificial marble, it enhances electric insulation, heat resistance, and chemical resistance.
As Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is also useful as an epoxy resin hardener which can produce clear and colorless hardened materials, it is used in LED.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is also used as a raw material of resist inks, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, etc.
As Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is excellent in impregnating ability, it is used in molding or casting of FRP.
The production of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) typically involves the catalytic hydrogenation of phthalic anhydride, a process that converts the aromatic ring of phthalic anhydride into a fully saturated cyclohexane ring.
This reaction is carried out under carefully controlled conditions of temperature, pressure, and catalysis to ensure high yield and product purity.
The resulting Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is a mixture of isomers, predominantly in the cis-configuration, with a small proportion of the trans-isomer also present.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is classified as a skin, eye, and respiratory irritant.
Direct contact with the compound can cause redness, itching, and discomfort, while inhalation of dust or vapors may lead to respiratory irritation or exacerbation of pre-existing conditions such as asthma.
Prolonged or repeated exposure to HHPA can result in sensitization, leading to allergic dermatitis or respiratory sensitization.
Workers handling Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) are advised to use protective equipment and work in well ventilated areas to minimize exposure risks.
Improper disposal of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) or its derivatives may harm aquatic ecosystems due to its reactivity with water and potential bioaccumulation.
It is essential to follow local environmental regulations for disposal and containment.
To ensure safe storage and handling of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA), it should be kept in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight, moisture, and incompatible materials.
During handling, individuals should wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and respirators, to protect against accidental exposure.
In industrial settings, the use of local exhaust ventilation and dust control systems is recommended to maintain air quality and reduce the risk of inhalation.
Uses:
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA), in combination with triethaylamine (TEA), can be used as a polymerization initiator in the preparation of polyester based resins.
It can also be used as a hardener to cure 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether which can be used as an epoxy based system for electronic devices.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is widely utilized as a curing agent for epoxy resins, which are highly valued for their ability to form strong, durable, and thermally stable cross-linked networks when reacted with anhydrides.
This process is critical in the production of materials that require exceptional mechanical properties, resistance to chemicals, and stability at elevated temperatures.
For example, epoxy systems cured with HHPA are used in industrial coatings to protect pipelines, machinery, and storage tanks from corrosion, abrasion, and environmental degradation.
Additionally, in the electronics industry, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA)-cured epoxy resins are employed to encapsulate and insulate delicate circuit boards and components, ensuring their protection from moisture, heat, and mechanical stress, thereby extending their operational lifespan.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is a cyclic anhydride that can be used for a variety of applications such as: plasticizer, rust inhibitor, and a curing agent for epoxy based resins.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA), in combination with triethaylamine (TEA), can be used as a polymerization initiator in the preparation of polyester based resins.
It can also be used as a hardener to cure 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether which can be used as an epoxy based system for electronic devices.
Production of polyester resins, binders and paints, use as anhydride for curing epoxy resins, raw material for PVC plasticizers, intermediate product for alkyd resins and rust inhibitors
Milldride Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is a very effective curing agent for epoxy resins.
It is also used in the preparation of alkyd and polyester resins where good color stability is important.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) cured epoxies are characterized by reduced color and improved electrical and physical properties as compared to amine-cured products.
The low melting point of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) allows it to be easily handled and blended with liquid resins.
Viscosities of the Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA)-epoxy mixtures are lower, pot life is extended in the absence of catalyst and curing reaction is less exothermic than with other hardeners.
Areas of application including casting, laminating, embedding, coating, and impregnating electrical components.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) can be used as an important intermediate in organic synthesis.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) can be used to prepare various organic compounds, such as drugs, dyes, fragrances, etc.
In addition, it is also used in the synthesis of coatings, plastics and resins.
The preparation of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) can be obtained by esterification reaction of cis-lactic acid and anhydride.
The reaction is usually carried out using an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid or benzoic acid as the catalyst.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is one of the most commonly used curing agents for epoxy resins, which are widely employed in coatings, adhesives, and composite materials.
When used as a curing agent, HHPA reacts with epoxy resins to create a three-dimensional cross-linked network.
This process enhances the material’s mechanical strength, thermal resistance, and chemical durability, making it ideal for:
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) protective layers for machinery, pipelines, and storage tanks.
Encapsulation and insulation in electronics and circuit boards.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) high-strength materials for aerospace, automotive, and construction industries.
Used to produce durable and glossy finishes that resist weathering and wear.
Protect ships, boats, and offshore structures from saltwater corrosion.
For furniture and flooring, offering a balance of aesthetics and protection.
As an intermediate in the production of alkyd and unsaturated polyester resins, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) significantly influences the performance and quality of coatings, adhesives, and other polymer-based products.
These resins, which are formed through reactions involving Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA), find extensive use in high-performance paints and varnishes, where they provide superior film-forming properties, durability, and resistance to environmental factors.
For instance, alkyd resins made using Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) are a key ingredient in decorative coatings for furniture and flooring, imparting both aesthetic appeal and long-term protection.
Moreover, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA)-based polyester resins are utilized in marine coatings, where their chemical and water resistance ensures the longevity of ships, boats, and offshore structures exposed to harsh oceanic conditions.
In the plastics industry, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is employed as a precursor in the manufacture of plasticizers, which are additives designed to enhance the flexibility, elasticity, and durability of rigid polymer systems.
These plasticizers, derived from Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA), are particularly vital in producing flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products such as pipes, cables, and flooring materials.
By modifying the polymer chains, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA)-based plasticizers improve the mechanical properties and processability of the materials, making them suitable for a broad range of applications, including construction, automotive interiors, and consumer goods.
Furthermore, the use of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA)-derived plasticizers in synthetic rubber formulations enhances their performance, enabling their use in seals, gaskets, and insulation materials that require durability and flexibility under varying conditions.
The superior electrical insulation properties and thermal stability of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) make it an integral component in the production of materials designed for use in demanding electrical and electronic applications.
For example, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is used to create insulation materials for transformers, capacitors, and high-voltage equipment, where it ensures the safe and efficient operation of these devices by preventing electrical breakdowns.
In addition, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA)-based epoxy formulations are extensively employed in the manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCBs), where they provide critical protection for sensitive electronic circuits from thermal and mechanical stress, enabling reliable performance in both consumer electronics and industrial systems.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is a key ingredient in the formulation of advanced adhesives and sealants that require superior mechanical strength, thermal resistance, and long-lasting durability under extreme environmental conditions.
For instance, in the construction industry, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA)-based sealants are used to bond and seal joints in buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure projects, ensuring structural integrity and resistance to moisture, temperature fluctuations, and chemical exposure.
Similarly, in the automotive sector, adhesives containing HHPA are utilized to bond lightweight materials, improving fuel efficiency while maintaining safety and performance standards.
In aerospace applications, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA)-based adhesives are crucial for creating high-performance bonds that withstand the rigorous conditions of flight, including high altitudes, temperature extremes, and mechanical vibrations.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) plays a critical role in the production of powder coatings, which are solvent-free coatings applied to metal surfaces to provide exceptional protection and aesthetic appeal.
Powder coatings formulated with Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) offer outstanding durability, resistance to environmental factors, and eco-friendliness due to their lack of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
These coatings are widely used in the automotive industry to protect components such as wheels, chassis, and body panels from corrosion and wear.
Similarly, in the appliance industry, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA)-based powder coatings are applied to refrigerators, washing machines, and other household appliances to improve their longevity and appearance.
Industrial equipment also benefits from Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA)-derived coatings, which enhance resistance to abrasion, chemicals, and harsh operating environments.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is an important chemical in the development of specialty polymers and advanced composite materials that demand high performance in challenging applications.
For instance, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is used in the synthesis of high-performance polymers for aerospace and defense industries, where materials must exhibit exceptional strength, thermal stability, and resistance to environmental factors.
Additionally, thermoset composites created using Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) are employed in manufacturing lightweight yet strong components for sports equipment, wind turbines, and industrial machinery, where weight reduction and durability are critical.
Beyond its direct uses, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) acts as a valuable intermediate in the synthesis of other chemical compounds, including pharmaceutical precursors, flame retardants, and surfactants.
For example, its reactivity allows for the creation of derivatives used in medicinal chemistry, while its incorporation into flame retardant formulations enhances the safety of materials used in construction, electronics, and textiles.
In surfactant production, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA)-derived compounds improve the cleaning and emulsifying properties of detergents, enhancing their effectiveness in both household and industrial applications.
Safety Profile:
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is a known skin irritant and sensitizer, which means that direct contact with the chemical can lead to redness, itching, and inflammation.
Prolonged or repeated skin contact, especially in industrial settings where workers handle Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) without proper personal protective equipment (PPE), can cause allergic dermatitis, a condition where the skin becomes increasingly reactive to the chemical over time.
This sensitization effect can persist even after exposure ceases, making the individual vulnerable to severe allergic reactions upon future contact with even minute amounts of HHPA.
One of the most significant hazards of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is its ability to cause irritation and sensitization of the respiratory system when inhaled in vapor, dust, or aerosol forms.
Workers exposed to Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) during manufacturing processes, such as resin curing or chemical handling, may experience symptoms like coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, and throat irritation.
Chronic exposure to even low concentrations of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) can lead to the development of occupational asthma or allergic rhinitis, conditions where the immune system becomes hypersensitive to the chemical.
This can result in long-term health issues, including persistent respiratory problems and reduced lung function, particularly in individuals repeatedly exposed without adequate protective measures.
When Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) comes into contact with the eyes, it can cause significant irritation, characterized by redness, pain, and watering.
In more severe cases, splashes of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) in liquid or powder form can lead to chemical burns or corneal damage, requiring immediate medical attention.
The risk of eye exposure is particularly high during the handling and transfer of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) in industrial settings, where accidental splashes or spills can occur without adequate protective eyewear.
Although data on the carcinogenicity of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is limited, its structural similarity to other anhydrides and its ability to cause chronic respiratory and immune sensitization raise concerns about potential long-term health effects.
Prolonged exposure to sensitizing agents like HHPA may contribute to systemic immune system disorders, including chronic inflammatory conditions.
Regulatory bodies recommend further studies to assess its potential carcinogenicity and impact on human health over extended periods.
