PRODUCTS

HYDROACETIC ACID (GLYCOLIC ACID)

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is widespread in nature and can be separated from natural sources like sugarcane, sugar beets, pineapple, cantaloupe, and unripe grapes.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is produced by oxidizing glycol with dilute nitric acid.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is functionally related to acetic acid and is slightly stronger than it.

CAS Number: 79-14-1
Molecular Formula: C2H4O3
Molecular Weight: 76.05
EINECS Number: 201-180-5

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), 2-Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), 79-14-1, Glycollic acid, Hydroxyethanoic acid, Acetic acid, hydroxy-, glycolate, Polyglycolide, Caswell No. 470, Kyselina glykolova, alpha-Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), Kyselina hydroxyoctova, 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid, HOCH2COOH, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 000101, HSDB 5227, NSC 166, Kyselina glykolova [Czech], AI3-15362, Kyselina hydroxyoctova [Czech], C2H4O3, Glycocide, GlyPure, BRN 1209322, NSC-166, Acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-, EINECS 201-180-5, UNII-0WT12SX38S, MFCD00004312, GlyPure 70, 0WT12SX38S, CCRIS 9474, DTXSID0025363, CHEBI:17497, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)-13C2, .alpha.-Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), GLYCOLLATE, DTXCID105363, NSC166, EC 201-180-5, 4-03-00-00571 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), GLYCOLIC-2,2-D2 ACID, GOA, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) (MART.), Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) [MART.], C2H3O3-, glycolicacid, Glycolate Standard: C2H3O3- @ 1000 microg/mL in H2O, Hydroxyethanoate, a-Hydroxyacetate, hydroxy-acetic acid, 2-Hydroxyaceticacid, alpha-Hydroxyacetate, a-Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), 2-hydroxy acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-acetic acid, 2-hydroxyl ethanoic acid, HO-CH2-COOH, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) solution, bmse000245, WLN: QV1Q, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) [MI], Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) (7CI,8CI), Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) [INCI], Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) [VANDF], Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), p.a., 98%, Acetic acid, hydroxy- (9CI), CHEMBL252557, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) [WHO-DD], Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), Crystal, Reagent, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) [HSDB], BCP28762, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), >=97.0% (T), STR00936, Tox21_301298, s6272, STL197955, AKOS000118921, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), ReagentPlus(R), 99%, CS-W016683, DB03085, HY-W015967, SB83760, CAS-79-14-1, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 000101, NCGC00160612-01, NCGC00160612-02, NCGC00257533-01, FT-0612572, FT-0669047, G0110, G0196, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, EN300-19242, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), SAJ special grade, >=98.0%, C00160, C03547, D78078, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid); HYDROXYETHANOIC ACID, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), BioXtra, >=98.0% (titration), Q409373, J-509661, F2191-0224, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid); Hydroxyethanoic acid; Glycollic acid, Z104473274, 287EB351-FF9F-4A67-B4B9-D626406C9B13, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), InChI=1/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ReagentPlus(R), 99%, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, O7Z

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can also reduce wrinkles, acne scarring, and hyperpigmentation.
The salts or esters of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) are called glycolates.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is used in various skin-care products.

A glycolate (sometimes spelled "glycollate") is a salt or ester of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid).
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), or Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), is a weak acid.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is sold commercially as a 70% solution.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is widely used in the skincare and cosmetic industry due to its ability to exfoliate the skin, promote skin cell turnover, and improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), also known as 2-hydroxyacetate or glycolate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives.
These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon.

This could make Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Once applied, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) reacts with the upper layer of the epidermis, weakening the binding properties of the lipids that hold the dead skin cells together.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is a potentially toxic compound.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is slightly stronger than acetic acid due to the electron-withdrawing power of the terminal hydroxyl group.
The carboxylate group can coordinate to metal ions forming coordination complexes.
Of particular note are the complexes with Pb2+ and Cu2+ which are significantly stronger than complexes with other carboxylic acids.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as transurethral resection of the prostate and biliary atresia; Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) has also been linked to several inborn metabolic disorders including glutaric acidemia type 2, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)uria, and d-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is used in processing and dyeing textiles and Leather.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is also used for cleaning, polishing, and soldering metals.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is a colorless, odourless, and hygroscopic crystalline solid with the chemical formula C2H4O3.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is widespread in nature.
In textile industry, it can be used as a dyeing and tanning agent.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), CH20HCOOH, is composed of colorless deliquescent leaflets that decompose at approximately 78° C (172 OF).
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is also known as 2-hydroxyethanoic acid, and its IUPAC name is Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid).
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is an alpha hydroxy acid that has antibacterial, antioxidant, keratolytic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is soluble in water,alcohol,and ether.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is used in dyeing, tanning, electropolishing,and in foodstuffs.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is commonly used in skincare products and cosmetic treatments.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is the active ingredient in the household cleaning liquid.
Due to its capability to penetrate skin, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) finds applications in skin care products, most often as a chemical peel.

Physician-strength peels can have a pH as low as 0.6 (strong enough to completely keratolyze the epidermis), while acidities for home peels can be as low as 2.5.
The process converts glycolate into glycerate without using the conventional BASS6 and PLGG1 route.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) works by speeding up cell turnover It helps dissolve the bonds that hold skin cells together, allowing dead skin cells to slough off more rapidly than they would on their own.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) also stimulates your skin to create more collagen.
Collagen is the protein that gives skin its firmness, plumpness, and elasticity.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is an incredibly popular treatment because of the many benefits it has for the skin.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) has effective skin-renewing properties, so it is often used in anti-aging products.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can help smooth fine wrinkles and improve the skin's tone and texture.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is a water-soluble alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is derived from sugar cane.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is one of the most well-known and widely used alphahydroxy acids in the skincare industry.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) plumps the skin and helps boost hydration levels.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) provides far greater solubility than silicafluorides or hydrofluosilicic acid.

Electrochemical Energy Systems permits higher concentrations of acid in solution than citric acid for greater neutralizing efficiency while avoiding salting or rust discoloration problems.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) reaches a final pH of 5-6 more quickly than silicafluorides, especially at lower wash temperatures.
High solubility means a lower possibility of damaged fabric—even if it’s ironed while wet.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) fulfills many roles across a wide range of industries, thanks to its low odor and toxicity, biodegradability, phosphate-free composition, and ability to chelate metal salts.
Glycolic and oxalic acid, along with excess lactic acid, are responsible for the anion gap metabolic acidosis.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.

In humans, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is involved in rosiglitazone metabolism pathway.
Outside of the human body, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as sourdocks, pineappple sages, celeriacs, cloves, and feijoa.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa).

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) works by breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells on the surface of the skin, allowing them to be sloughed off more easily.
This indicates that the hydroxyl group is involved in complex formation, possibly with the loss of its proton.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can be found in a range of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, serums, and creams.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can be isolated from natural sources, such as sugarcane, sugar beets, pineapple, cantaloupe and unripe grapes.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can be used as part of an acne treatment regimen.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) helps to unclog pores, reduce the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), and promote the shedding of dead skin cells that can contribute to acne.

Dermatologists often use Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) in chemical peels, which are cosmetic procedures designed to improve the skin's appearance.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is a simple organic compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) on adjacent carbon atoms in its chemical structure.

This gives it its acidic properties.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is known for its exfoliating properties.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) addresses skin issues by exfoliating dead skin cells that accumulate on the surface of the epidermis and contribute to dull, discolored, and uneven looking skin.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can make the skin more sensitive in the sunlight, hence always use sunscreen and protective clothing before you step outdoors.
Plants produce Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) during photorespiration.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is recycled by conversion to glycine within the peroxisomes and to tartronic acid semialdehyde within the chloroplasts.

Common side effects of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) include dry skin, erythema (skin redness), burning sensation, itching, skin irritation, and skin rash.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).
A glycolate or glycollate is a salt or ester of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid).
(C6H5C(=O)OCH2COOH), which they called "benzoHydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)" (Benzoglykolsäure; also benzoyl Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)).

They boiled the ester for days with dilute sulfuric acid, thereby obtaining benzoic acid and Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid).
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can be synthesized in various ways. The predominant approaches use a catalyzed reaction of formaldehyde with synthesis gas (carbonylation of formaldehyde), for its low cost.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is also prepared by the reaction of chloroacetic acid with sodium hydroxide followed by re-acidification.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) liquid doesn’t cake in storage and measures easily out of automatic dispensing equipment.
Once applied, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) reacts with the upper layer of the epidermis, weakening the binding properties of the lipids that hold the dead skin cells together.
This allows the stratum corneum to be exfoliated, exposing live skin cells.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) has the smallest sized molecules of all the alpha-hydroxy acids Because of these super tiny molecules, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can easily penetrate the skin.
This allows Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) to exfoliate the skin more effectively than other AHAs.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is used as a monomer in the preparation of polyHydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) and other biocompatible copolymers (e.g. PLGA).

Commercially, important derivatives include the methyl and ethyl esters which are readily distillable (boiling points 147–149 °C and 158–159 °C, respectively), unlike the parent acid.
The butyl ester (b.p. 178–186 °C) is a component of some varnishes, being desirable because it is nonvolatile and has good dissolving properties.
Many plants make Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) during photorespiration.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)s role consumes significant amounts of energy.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) penetrates the skin effectively due to its small molecular size, helping to remove dead skin cells and debris from the surface.
This can lead to a smoother, brighter complexion.

The use of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) in skincare products is associated with several benefits, including reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improving skin texture, minimizing the appearance of pores, and fading hyperpigmentation and acne scars.
This colourless, odourless, and hygroscopic crystalline solid is highly soluble in water.
Due to its excellent capability to penetrate skin, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is often used in skin care products, most often as a chemical peel.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) may reduce wrinkles, acne scarring, and hyperpigmentation and improve many other skin conditions, including actinic keratosis, hyperkeratosis, and seborrheic keratosis.
Acute doses of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) on skin or eyes leads to local effects that are typical of a strong acid (e.g. dermal and eye irritation).
Glycolate is a nephrotoxin if consumed orally.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is derived from sugar cane and belongs to a family of naturally occurring acids that are known for their exfoliating and skin-renewing properties.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is mainly supplemented to various skin-care products to improve the skin’s appearance and texture.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can also be used as a flavoring agent in food processing, and as a skin care agent in the pharmaceutical industry.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can also be added into emulsion polymers, solvents and ink additives to improve flow properties and impart gloss.
Moreover, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is a useful intermediate for organic synthesis including oxidative-reduction, esterification and long chain polymerization.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is a colorless, odorless and hygroscopic crystalline solid, highly soluble in water.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is a deliquescent crystals that occur naturally as a component in sugarcane.
A nephrotoxin is a compound that causes damage to the kidney and kidney tissues.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)'s renal toxicity is due to its metabolism to oxalic acid.
Glycolic and oxalic acid, along with excess lactic acid, are responsible for the anion gap metabolic acidosis.
Oxalic acid readily precipitates with calcium to form insoluble calcium oxalate crystals.

Once applied, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) reacts with the upper layer of the epidermis, weakening the binding properties of the lipids that hold the dead skin cells together.
This allows the outer skin to dissolve, revealing the underlying skin.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is thought that this is due to the reduction of calcium ion concentrations in the epidermis and the removal of calcium ions from cell adhesions, leading to desquamation.

Renal tissue injury is caused by widespread deposition of oxalate crystals and the toxic effects of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid).
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) does exhibit some inhalation toxicity and can cause respiratory, thymus, and liver damage if present in very high levels over long periods of time.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is used in the textile industry as a dyeing and tanning agent in food processing as a flavoring agent and as a preservative, and in the pharmaceutical industry as a skin care agent.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is also used in adhesives and plastics.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is often included in emulsion polymers, solvents and additives for ink and paint in order to improve flow properties and impart gloss.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is used in surface treatment products that increase the coefficient of friction on tile flooring.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is a known inhibitor of tyrosinase.

This can suppress melanin formation and lead to a lightening of skin colour.
This process can help with various skin concerns, including acne, fine lines and wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, and uneven skin tone.

Melting point: 75-80 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 112 °C
Density: 1.25 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 10.8 hPa (80 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.424
Flash point: 112°C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear
pka: 3.83(at 25℃)
form: Solution
color: White to off-white
PH: 2 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: at 100.00 %. odorless very mild buttery
Odor Type: buttery
Viscosity: 6.149mm2/s
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,4498
BRN: 1209322
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents.
InChIKey: AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1.07 at 20℃
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) OTC products and professional peels have been around a long time and have a safe and effective track record.
A more acidic product will deliver a stronger and more effective treatment than a less acidic product, regardless of the percentage of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid).
So a product containing a low percentage of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) but with a lower (i.e. more acidic) pH will be more effective than a high percentage but low acidity product.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can be used in a skincare routine: as a face wash, as a toner, and as a mask.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) enhances cleaning and descaling processes in oil field and petroleum refining applications.
This acid also provides metal complexing in a biodegradable form without adding undesirable biological or chemical oxygen demand to formulated products.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)'s slower reactivity compared to mineral acids helps with acid finishing during well completion.
Desalting crude oil, well acidizing, and synthetic drilling mud also rely on Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid).
This colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic crystalline solid is highly soluble in water.

Most skin types can use them without much trouble.
These aren't quite as irritating as leaveon Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) treatments and allow skin to build up a tolerance without (hopefully) too much irritation.
While Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is a wonderful skincare ingredient.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) products for home use typically have lower concentrations (usually ranging from 5% to 20%), while professional treatments may use higher concentrations (up to 70% or more).
While Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can be highly effective, it can also cause side effects, especially if used incorrectly or at high concentrations.

Individuals with certain skin conditions, such as eczema, rosacea, or open wounds, should exercise caution when using Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) products, as it can exacerbate these conditions.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)'s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before use in such cases.

Before using any new skincare product containing Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), it's a good practice to perform a patch test.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is found in some sugar-crops.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is one of the most well-known and widely used alpha-hydroxy acids in the skincare industry.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is slightly stronger than acetic acid due to the electron-withdrawing power of the terminal hydroxyl group.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is the smallest α-hydroxy acid (AHA).
The carboxylate group can coordinate to metal ions forming coordination complexes.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)'s advisable to consult with a dermatologist or skincare professional.
When choosing any Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) treatment, the percentage of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is just one factor.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is an Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA).

The word acid might scare, but Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) usually comes in lower concentrations for at-home use.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) works as an exfoliant to turn over dead skin cells and reveal new skin cells.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is often combined with other skincare ingredients such as hyaluronic acid, antioxidants, and peptides to enhance its benefits and minimize potential irritation.

These combinations can be found in various skincare products to address specific skin concerns.
The pH level of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) products is an important factor in their effectiveness.
Lower pH levels (more acidic) can enhance the exfoliating properties of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid).

Many Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) products are formulated at an optimal pH to maximize their exfoliating effects.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is often included in anti-aging skincare routines because it can help stimulate collagen production in the skin, leading to improved elasticity and a reduction in the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles over time.
Professional treatments are performed by dermatologists or licensed skincare professionals.

When incorporating Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) into your skincare routine, it's important to start slowly and gradually increase usage to allow the skin to acclimate.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)’s also one of the smallest AHAs, meaning that it can penetrate deeply to give the best results.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can be synthesized in various ways.
The predominant approaches use a catalyzed reaction of formaldehyde with synthesis gas (carbonylation of formaldehyde), for its low cost.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is also prepared by the reaction of chloroacetic acid with sodium hydroxide followed by re-acidification.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can also be prepared using an enzymatic biochemical process that may require less energy.
For stronger treatments, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is also utilized in chemical peels available at the salon or dermatologist's office.
Light duty Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) peels up to 30% strength can be done by an esthetician at the salon or skin spa.

Other methods, not noticeably in use, include hydrogenation of oxalic acid, and hydrolysis of the cyanohydrin derived from formaldehyde.
Some of today's Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)s are formic acid-free.
Stronger peels of up to 70% can be had at the dermatology office.

Skincare products contain other thoughtfully chosen ingredients to give a specific end result.
The Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) treatment you choose depends a lot on skin type and what end goals are.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can be isolated from natural sources, such as sugarcane, sugar beets, pineapple, cantaloupe and unripe grapes.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)'s essential to patch test and gradually introduce products containing Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) into your skincare routine to monitor how skin responds.
Using low concentrations of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) over long periods of time creates a cumulative effect; skin will look better the longer use.
For treating specific skin issues like noticeable sun damage, dark spots or acne marks, and deeper lines and wrinkles, or for marked improvement of the skin quickly, a professional peel is a good option.

But because peels deliver a higher percentage of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) than daily use products they will be more irritating and have a greater chance of side effects.
Unfortunately, the vast majority of skincare products simply list the percentage of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) used.
They are not required to list the pH, so it can make it difficult to compare products apples-to-apples.

History Of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid):
The name "Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)" was coined in 1848 by French chemist Auguste Laurent (1807–1853).
He proposed that the amino acid glycine—which was then called glycocolle—might be the amine of a hypothetical acid, which he called "Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)" (acide glycolique).
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) was first prepared in 1851 by German chemist Adolph Strecker (1822–1871) and Russian chemist.

Nikolai Nikolaevich Sokolov (1826–1877).
They produced it by treating hippuric acid with nitric acid and nitrogen dioxide to form an ester of benzoic acid.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) (C6H5C(=O)OCH2COOH), which they called "benzoHydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)" (Benzoglykolsäure; also benzoyl Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)).
They boiled the ester for days with dilute sulfuric acid, thereby obtaining benzoic acid and Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) (Glykolsäure).

Uses Of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid):
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can be used with hydrochloric or sulfamic acids to prevent iron precipitation in cleaning operations or water flooding.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is used to treat acne by unclogging pores, reducing the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), and promoting the shedding of dead skin cells that can contribute to acne.
In addition to over-the-counter products, dermatologists and skincare professionals often use Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) in more concentrated forms for in-office treatments like chemical peels and microdermabrasion.

These treatments can provide more immediate and dramatic results but require professional oversight.
Hyaluronic acid is known to retain an impressive amount of moisture and this capacity is enhanced by Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid).
As a result, the skin’s own ability to raise its moisture content is increased.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is the simplest alpha hydroxyacid (AHA).
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is used in the textile industry as a dyeing and tanning agent.
In the processing of textiles, leather, and metals; in pH control, and wherever a cheap organic acid is needed, e.g. in the manufacture of adhesives, in copper brightening, decontamination cleaning, dyeing, electroplating, in pickling, cleaning and chemical milling of metals.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis and several reactions, such as oxidation-reduction, esterification, and long chain polymerization.
Regardless of the G skin type, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) use is associated with softer, smoother, healthier, and younger looking skin.
This occurs in the cellular cement through an activation of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) and the skin’s own hyaluronic acid content.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) also effectively eliminates harmful deposits while minimizing corrosion damage to steel or copper systems.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) reacts more slowly and thus penetrates more deeply into formations before fully reacting.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) acts by dissolving the internal cellular cement responsible for abnormal keratinization, facilitating the sloughing of dead skin cells.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is also the AHA that scientists and formulators believe has greater penetration potential largely due to its smaller molecular weight.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is mildly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes if the formulation contains a high Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) concentration and/ or a low pH.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) proves beneficial for acne-prone skin as it helps keep pores clear of excess keratinocytes.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is naturally found in sugarcane but synthetic versions are most often used in cosmetic formulations.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is used as a monomer in the preparation of Poly(lactic-co-Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)) (PLGA).

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) reacts with lactic acid to form PLGA using ring-opening co-polymerization.,
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is commonly used in anti-aging products to stimulate collagen production, which can improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can help fade dark spots, sunspots, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation by promoting even skin tone.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can improve skin texture, making it feel smoother and look more youthful.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can minimize the appearance of enlarged pores.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is used in chemical peels, both at home and in dermatologist's offices or skincare clinics.

Chemical peels with Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can be tailored to address various skin concerns, including wrinkles, uneven skin tone, and acne scars.
PolyHydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) (PGA) is prepared from the monomer Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) using polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is widely used in skin care products as an exfoliant and keratolytic.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is used in the textile industry as a dyeing and tanning agent.
These peels involve the application of a higher concentration of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) to the skin, followed by exfoliation and skin rejuvenation.
While Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is commonly associated with facial skincare, it can also be used on other parts of the body to address issues like keratosis pilaris, rough skin on elbows and knees, and body acne.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) may be used to adjust the pH level of the product.
This can help optimize the effectiveness of other active ingredients.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can also act as a humectant, meaning it can attract and retain moisture in the skin, which is beneficial for individuals with dry or dehydrated skin.

However, it's essential to use moisturizers alongside Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) products to prevent excessive dryness.
In industrial and household applications, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is sometimes used to remove stains and scale deposits, such as those caused by hard water, rust, or mineral buildup.
When using Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)-containing products in your skincare routine, be cautious about mixing them with other active ingredients, especially strong acids like salicylic acid or vitamin C.

Combining certain active ingredients can lead to skin irritation or reduce effectiveness, so it's advisable to consult with a skincare professional for guidance.
In medicine, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) has been used in wound care products to help promote the healing of minor cuts, abrasions, and surgical incisions.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can be used to manage keratosis pilaris, a common skin condition characterized by small, rough bumps on the skin, often found on the arms and thighs.

Some over-the-counter products containing Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) are used to soften and help remove calluses and corns on the feet.
In some hair care products, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) may be included to help exfoliate the scalp, remove product buildup, and improve hair texture.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can help repair sun-damaged skin by promoting the shedding of damaged skin cells and stimulating the production of healthier, more youthful-looking skin.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is sometimes combined with other skincare ingredients like salicylic acid, hyaluronic acid, and retinol to create more comprehensive skincare products that address multiple concerns, such as acne, aging, and hydration.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is used in the processing of textiles, leather, and metals.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis and several reactions, such as oxidation-reduction, esterification, and long chain polymerization.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) (Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)) reduces corenocyte cohesion and corneum layer thickening where an excess buildup of dead skin cells can be associated with many common skin problems, such as acne, dry and severely dry skin, and wrinkles.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is often used in products designed for sun-damaged or aging skin.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can be used to prevent and treat ingrown hairs, particularly in areas prone to razor bumps and
irritation, such as the beard area in men.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is a useful intermediate for organic synthesis, in a range of reactions including: oxidation-reduction, esterification and long chain polymerization.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is used as a monomer in the preparation of polyHydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) and other biocompatible copolymers (e.g. PLGA).
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) also improves skin hydration by enhancing moisture uptake as well as increasing the skin’s ability to bind water.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is also used for diminishing the signs of age spots, as well as actinic keratosis.
However, Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) is most popularly employed in anti-aging cosmetics because of its hydrating, moisturizing, and skin-normalizing abilities, leading to a reduction in the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Commercially, important derivatives include the methyl and ethyl esters which are readily distillable (boiling points 147–149 °C and 158–159 °C, respectively), unlike the parent acid.

Safety Profile Of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid):
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can cause skin irritation, especially for individuals with sensitive skin.
While rare, some individuals may be allergic or hypersensitive to Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid), leading to more severe skin reactions.
In cases where high concentrations of Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) are used without proper supervision or inappropriately, chemical burns can occur.

This is more common in professional treatments like chemical peels and should only be administered by trained professionals.
This may manifest as redness, burning, itching, or stinging.
Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid)'s essential to perform a patch test before using Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) products.

Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) can make the skin more sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
This increased sensitivity can lead to a higher risk of sunburn and skin damage.
It is crucial to use sunscreen and protective clothing when using Hydroacetic acid (Glycolic Acid) products and avoid excessive sun exposure.