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CAS NO:7718-54-9
EC NO:231-743-0
Nickel chloride (or just nickel chloride), is the chemical compound NiCl2. The anhydrous salt is yellow, but the more familiar hydrate NiCl2·6H2O is green.
Nickel chloride, in various forms, is the most important source of nickel for chemical synthesis. The nickel chlorides are deliquescent, absorbing moisture from the air to form a solution. Nickel salts have been shown to be carcinogenic to the lungs and nasal passages in cases of long-term inhalation exposure.
Properties
Chemical formula NiCl2
Molar mass 129.5994 g/mol (anhydrous)
237.69 g/mol (hexahydrate)
Appearance yellow-brown crystals
deliquescent (anhydrous)
green crystals (hexahydrate)
Odor odorless
Density 3.55 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
1.92 g/cm3 (hexahydrate)
Melting point 1,001 °C (1,834 °F; 1,274 K) (anhydrous)
140 °C (hexahydrate)
Solubility in water anhydrous
67.5 g/100 mL (25 °C) [1]
87.6 g/100 mL (100 °C)
hexahydrate
123.8 g/100 mL (25 °C) [1]
160.7 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility 0.8 g/100 mL (hydrazine)
soluble in ethylene glycol, ethanol, ammonium hydroxide
insoluble in ammonia, nitric acid
Acidity (pKa) 4 (hexahydrate)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) +6145.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Production and syntheses
The largest scale production of nickel chloride involves the extraction with hydrochloric acid of nickel matte and residues obtained from roasting refining nickel-containing ores.
Nickel chloride is not usually prepared in the laboratory because it is inexpensive and has a long shelf-life. Heating the hexahydrate in the range 66-133.°C gives the yellowish dihydrate, NiCl2·2H2O.The hydrates convert to the anhydrous form upon heating in thionyl chloride or by heating under a stream of HCl gas. Simply heating the hydrates does not afford the anhydrous dichloride.
The dehydration is accompanied by a color change from green to yellow.
General description
Nickel chloride (NiCl2) is a nickel based halide that is prepared by burning nickel in chlorine.
Nickel chloride is a water soluble compound that crystallizes to form a hexahydrate.
Nickel chloride is majorly utilized in organic synthesis as a catalyst and a precursor.
Application
Nickel chloride can be used in the form of a nanoparticle for the development of separation membranes for the wastewater treatment.
Nickel chloride can also be used to form an electron with sodium ions for the fabrication of sodium nickel chloride based batteries.
Features and Benefits
The vapor-phase co-reductions with other metal halides such as aluminum chloride (cat. no. 449598) by hydrogen results in finely divided intermetallics with applications as structural materials or compounds with useful thermoelectric, magnetic, and oxidation-resistance properties. Used in the synthesis of semiconducting metal-containing polymers in which the polypyrrole backbone has a conformational energy minimum and is nearly planar.
Nickel Chloride is a green or yellow colored, crystalline inorganic compound that produces toxic gases upon heating.
Nickel chloride is used in electroplating, in nickel catalysts and to absorb ammonia in industrial gas masks. Exposure to this substance can cause severe dermatitis, skin and asthma-like allergies and affects the lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract and neurological system.
ickel chloride is a known carcinogen and is associated with an increased risk of developing lung and nasal cancers.
Nickel chloride appears as a brown or green colored solid. Denser than water. Contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.
Nickel chloride is a compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.
Nickel chloride has a role as a calcium channel blocker and a hapten.
Consumer Uses
Electrical and electronic products
Metal products not covered elsewhere
Industry Processing Sectors
All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
Computer and electronic product manufacturing
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Transportation equipment manufacturing
Definition and Usage Areas:
Nickel(II) emitter (or simply nickel reducer), NiCl2 is chemical radio. Anhydrous is yellow, but the more visible salt, NiCl2.6H2O, is green. Nickel(II) craving, temporary item, most important preparation for synthesis. Nickel channels absorb moisture from the air to form a solution. In the case of efflorescence from prolonged use, in the period when nickel salts are carcinogenic to molds and review.
The biggest child breeder production, trainings and extraction of nickel matte and great trainings for nickelagists to be trained.
Usage areas
Most nickel endothelium is used for electroplating and nickel plating.
During electroplating, Nickel chloride accelerates the acceleration of a metal nickel, for the purpose for the electrode electrode.
Nickel chloride can be used to produce nickel, synthesize nickel particles as a reductant, and nickelophthalazine.
Nickel chloride can also be used as an NH3 absorber in gas masks and to feed nickel for cell culture and scientific studies.
Other solutions of nickel are used for metal electroplating of nickel.
Nickel(II) chloride is used in electroplating and as a catalyst for organic conversions, for example in chemo-selective thioacetalization of aldehydes.
Nickel chloride is a yellow, crystalline material, mildly toxic, carcinogenic.
Description
Nickel chloride is a brown or green colored solid. Most nickel chloride is used for electroplating and nickel plating, used to prepare various nickel salts and nickel catalysts; . During electroplating, it accelerates the dissolution of anode metal nickel, while acting to increase the electrolyte level of the solution.
Nickel chloride can be used as catalyst for organic synthesis (e.g. pyrazolophthalazinyl spirooxindoles), to synthesize nickel nanoparticles as a reductant, and to prepare nickel coordination compounds, and and in industrial gas masks to protect from ammonia.
It can also be used as an NH3 absorbent in gas masks and as a source of nickel ion for cell culture and toxicological studies.
Properties
Nickel chloride is a brown or green colored solid.
Nickel chlorides hexahydrate is a green monoclinic crystal, which is weathered in dry air and deliquescent in moist air.
Nickel chloride is easily soluble in water, ethanol and ammonia.
Nickel chloride is easily reduced to nickel when heated in hydrogen and becomes nickel oxide by heating in the air.
Nickel chloride loses water of crystallization and becomes anhydrous in high temperature. The aqueous solution is acidic.
Nickel chloride can combine with the anions of many inorganic and organic molecules to form nickel complexes, and form insoluble precipitates in weak acids.
Preparation
Anhydrous nickel chloride is prepared by burning nickel in chlorine gas.
Some other methods of preparation involve
(1) the action of acetyl chloride on nickel acetate in a nonaqueous solvent such as benzene:
(CH3COO)2Ni + 2CH3COCl → NiCl2 + 2CH3COOCOCH3
(2) the action of thionyl chloride on nickel chloride hexahydrate:
NiCl2•6H2O + 6SOCl2 → NiCl2 + 12HCl + 6SO2
(3) heating nickel chloride hexahydrate or nickel chloride ammoniate:
NiCl2•6H2O → NiCl2 + 6H2O
NiCl2•6NH3 → NiCl2 + 6NH3
The hexahydrate is prepared either by the action of hot dilute hydrochloric acid on nickel powder or by dissolving nickel oxide in dilute hydrochloric acid followed by crystallization. For the preparation of ammoniate, see Reactions below.
Reaction
When ammonia gas is passed over anhydrous nickel chloride the product is an ammoniate, hexamine nickel chloride, NiCl2•6NH3. Ammoniate also can be prepared in solution by dissolving nickel chloride hexahydrate in an aqueous solution of ammonia.
Nickel chloride forms double salts with alkali metal chlorides or ammonium chloride. Such double salts, NH4Cl•NiCl2•6H2O, are obtained as hexahydrate when crystallized from a mixed solution of nickel chloride and ammonium chloride in equimolar amounts.
Warming a solution of nickel chloride and sodium hydroxide at moderate concentrations may partially precipitate a basic salt of indefinite composition. The average composition of this salt is NiCl2•3Ni(OH)2. Salt composition may vary depending on reaction conditions.
When hydrogen sulfide is passed through a buffered solution of nickel chloride, nickel sulfide, NiS, precipitates.
An alcoholic solution of nickel chloride, when treated with an ethereal solution of dithiobenzoic acid, C6H5CSSH, blue nickel(II) dithiobenzoate,(C6H5CSS)2Ni, is formed:
NiCl2 + 2C6H5CSSH→ Ni (C6H5CSS)2 + 2HCl
The product oxidizes readily to a violet dimeric nickel(IV) complex.
Physical properties
The anhydrous salt forms yellow crystal scales; deliquesces; density 3.55 g/cm3; melts at 1,001°C; sublimes at 973°C; highly soluble in water, 64 g/100mL at 20°C; soluble in alcohol.
The hexahydrate forms green monoclinic crystals; deliquesces; extremely soluble in water, 254 g/100mL at 20°C, and about 600 g/100 ml at 100°C; also very soluble in alcohol.
Uses
Nickel chloride (NiCl2) is used for electroplating nickel onto the surfaces of other metals and as a chemical reagent in laboratories.
Uses
Nickel chloride solutions are used for electroplating nickel onto other metal items.
Nickel chloride also is used to prepare various nickel salts and nickel catalysts; and in industrial gas masks to protect from ammonia.
Uses
Nickel chloride is used for nickel plating cast zinc, as an agent in electrolytic refining of nickel, as a chemical intermediate for nickel catalysts and complex nickel salts, as an absorber of ammonia gas in industrial gas masks, as a catalyst in diarylamine and silicon tetrachloride production, as an agent in electrodeless plating of nickel, as an agent in tin–nickel alloy plating, and as a fungicide for control of rust and rustlike disease. However, workers exposed to different forms of nickel have an elevated risk of lung cancer. Besides, Ni and its compounds (particularly insoluble compounds of nickel) have been reported to be potent carcinogens and toxic agents in humans and experimental animals. Therefore, Ni compounds are considered to be an industrial/occupational health hazard.
Definition
ChEBI: A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.
Nickel chloride is a yellow deliquescent solid with a boiling point of 973°C(1690°F).
Nickel chloride is soluble in water and alcohol.
Nickel chloride(hydrated),NiCI2·H20, is a gray deliquescent solid that is also soluble in water and alcohol.
Nickel chloride is used in nickel plating.
Production Methods
Nickel chloride (hexahydrate) is obtained by reacting metal nickel powder or nickel oxide with hot, dilute hydrochloric acid.
Preparation
Nickel(II) chloride can be obtained by reaction of the elements either in a flow system at high temperatures or by reaction in ethanol at 20°.
Nickel chloride is readily prepared in the laboratory by dehydration of the hexahydrate with thionyl chloride.
Uses :
Nickel chloride is used in surface treatment for Watt and Wood nickel plating baths.
Nickel chloride can also be used in addition for zinc/nickel acid baths.
Nickel chloride is usually associated to nickel sulphate and boric acid.
Nickel chloride is also present in small amounts in nickel sulfamate baths.
Nickel chloride is a mild Lewis acid used for the regioselective isomerization of dienols and selective reduction of alkenes to alkanes in presence of Lithium aluminum hydride.
Nickel chloride is used as a precursor to nickel boride, finely divided nickel.
Nickel chloride acts as a catalyst to prepare dialkyl arylphosphonates from phosphites and aryl iodide.
Nickel chloride finds application in the electroplating of nickel onto other metal items.
Nickel chloride is also used in the synthesis of semiconducting metal-containing polymers.
About this substance
Helpful information
Nickel chloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Nickel chloride is used in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Consumer Uses
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which this substance is most likely to be released to the environment.
Article service life
Release to the environment of Nickel chloride can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in the production of articles, industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal) and of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.
Other release to the environment of Nickel chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
Nickel chloride can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines).
Nickel chloride can be found in products with material based on: metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).
Widespread uses by professional workers
Nickel chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals.
Nickel chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Nickel chloride can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites.
Formulation or re-packing
Nickel chloride is used in the following products: metal surface treatment products.
Release to the environment of Nickel chloride can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Uses at industrial sites
Nickel chloride is used in the following products: metal surface treatment products.
Nickel chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, machinery and vehicles, metals, fabricated metal products and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.
Release to the environment of Nickel chloride can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Manufacture
Release to the environment of Nickel chloride can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Nickel chloride is used for nickel plating cast zinc, as an agent in electrolytic refining of nickel, as a chemical intermediate for nickel catalysts and complex nickel salts, as an absorber of ammonia gas in industrial gas masks, as a catalyst in diarylamine and silicon tetrachloride production, as an agent in electrodeless plating of nickel, as an agent in tin–nickel alloy plating, and as a fungicide for control of rust and rustlike disease.
Nickel chloride is used in the nickel-plating of cast zinc, and in ink manufacture. The anhydrous salt is used as an adsorbant for ammonia in gas masks.
Nickel chloride is utilized in large scale applications such as electroplating and nickel-plating, and as an.
Nickel Chloride is an excellent water soluble crystalline Nickel source for uses compatible with chlorides.
Nickel(II) chloride (or just nickel chloride), is the chemical compound NiCl2.
IUPAC names
Dichloronickel
dichloronickel
NIckel (II) chloride
Nickel (II) chloride
nickel (II) chloride
Nickel dichloride
nickel dichloride
Nickel dichloride
nickel dichloride
nickel(2+) dichloride
Nickel(II) chloride
Nickel(II) Chloride Anhydrous [for General Organic Chemistry]
Nickel(II)-chlorid
Nickel(II)-chlorid-Hexahydrat
Nickel(II)chloride
Nickeldichlorid
SYNONYMS:
Nickel(II) chloride [Wiki]
253-399-0 [EINECS]
7718-54-9 [RN]
Dichlorure de nickel(2+) [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
MFCD00011142 [MDL number]
Nickel (II) chloride
Nickel (II) chloride (1:2)
Nickel chloride
nickel dichloride
nickel(2+) chloride
Nickel(2+) dichloride [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Nickel(2+)dichlorid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
nickelous chloride
QR6475000
[7718-54-9]
13931-83-4 [RN]
37211-05-5 [RN]
37211-05-57718-54-9
7791-20-0 [RN]
83864-14-6 [RN]
99.9% (metals basis)
99.99% (metals basis)
CHEBI:34887
dichloronickel
Dichloro-nickel(ii)
EINECS 231-743-0
EINECS 253-399-0
hexahydrate
