PARAFFIN WAX

PARAFFIN WAX = SYNTHETIC WAX = PETROLEUM WAX

CAS Number: 8002-74-2
EC Number: 232-315-6
Chemical formula: CnH2n+2

Paraffin wax (or petroleum wax) is a soft colorless solid derived from petroleum, coal or oil shale that consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules containing between twenty and forty carbon atoms. 
Paraffin wax is solid at room temperature and begins to melt above approximately 37 °C (99 °F), and its boiling point is above 370 °C (698 °F). 

Paraffin wax is an excellent material for storing heat, with a specific heat capacity of 2.14–2.9 J g−1 K−1 (joules per gram kelvin) and a heat of fusion of 200–220 J g−1. 
Un-dyed, unscented paraffin candles are odorless and bluish-white. 
Paraffin wax was first created by Carl Reichenbach in Germany in 1830 and marked a major advancement in candlemaking technology, as Paraffin wax burned more cleanly and reliably than tallow candles and was cheaper to produce.

In chemistry, Paraffin wax is used synonymously with alkane, indicating hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2. 
The name is derived from Latin parum ("very little") + affinis, meaning "lacking affinity" or "lacking reactivity", referring to paraffin's unreactive nature.
Paraffin wax is mostly found as a white, odorless, tasteless, waxy solid, with a typical melting point between about 46 and 68 °C (115 and 154 °F), and a density of around 900 kg/m3. 

Paraffin wax is insoluble in water, but soluble in ether, benzene, and certain esters. 
Paraffin wax is unaffected by most common chemical reagents but burns readily. 
Paraffin wax's heat of combustion is 42 MJ/kg.
Paraffin wax is an excellent electrical insulator, with a resistivity of between 1013 and 1017 ohm metre. 

This is better than nearly all other materials except some plastics (notably Teflon). 
Paraffin wax is a white or colorless soft, solid wax. 
Paraffin wax’s made from saturated hydrocarbons.
Fully refined paraffin wax. 

Paraffin wax is hard, white crystalline material derived from petroleum. 
Paraffin wax is a petroleum by-product created when crude oil is refined into gasoline. 
Paraffin wax is a white, odorless solid that is formed into 10 lb. slabs. 
Paraffin is the most commonly used wax for candle making.
Low melt point paraffin - paraffin with a melting point less than 130° F, this type of wax is soft and adheres well to the sides of containers. 

Therefore, they are best for container and tealight candles.
High melt point paraffin - paraffin with a melting point greater than 130° F, this type of wax is harder and therefore provides structural rigidity for use in votive and pillar candles.
Paraffin Wax ( Hard Paraffin ) is a mixture of solid parafiin with a high percentage of saturated liner hydrocarbons. 
Paraffin wax is produced in two grades , industrial and pharmaceutical , which is available in granule and slab.

Paraffin wax, colourless or white, somewhat translucent, hard wax consisting of a mixture of solid straight-chain hydrocarbons ranging in melting point from about 48° to 66° C (120° to 150° F). 
Paraffin wax is obtained from petroleum by dewaxing light lubricating oil stocks. 
Paraffin wax was first produced commercially in 1867, less than 10 years after the first petroleum well was drilled. 
Paraffin wax precipitates readily from petroleum on chilling. 

Technical progress has served only to make the separations and filtration more efficient and economical. 
Purification methods consist of chemical treatment, decolorization by adsorbents, and fractionation of the separated waxes into grades by distillation, recrystallization, or both. 
Crude oils differ widely in wax content.

Synthetic paraffin wax was introduced commercially after World War II as one of the products obtained in the Fischer–Tropsch reaction, which converts coal gas to hydrocarbons. 
Snow-white and harder than petroleum paraffin wax, the synthetic product has a unique character and high purity that make Paraffin wax a suitable replacement for certain vegetable waxes and as a modifier for petroleum waxes and for some plastics, such as polyethylene. 

Synthetic paraffin waxes may be oxidized to yield pale-yellow, hard waxes of high molecular weight that can be saponified with aqueous solutions of organic or inorganic alkalies, such as borax, sodium hydroxide, triethanolamine, and morpholine. 
Paraffin waxes are produced as by-products of base oil production process in petroleum refineries. 
This by-product is refined in paraffin production facilities to get semi or fully refined grades. 
Rafination generally consist s of deoiling, bleaching and deodorization.

Paraffinic products can be divided into two genaral categories: 
Paraffin waxes and microcrystalline waxes. 
Paraffin waxes also called macrocrystalline waxes consist of macrocrystals which are arranged in a more regular pattern and contains high percentage of unbranched molecules. 

Paraffin waxes are higher grade alkanes which are very hydrophobic and chemically inert.
Paraffin wax or 'Mineral' wax is derived from petroleum which is drilled out of the ground from oil rigs and refined.
Paraffin wax is considered the most popular choice for candle makers.

As paraffin wax is a pale white colour, candle dyes dissolve and disperse much easier in molten mineral wax than in vegetable wax. This means the wax takes to candle dyes much better than vegetable wax resulting in a beautifully even coloured candle. 
This gives the candlemaker much more creative freedom to experiment with colourful candles.
A white wax that is solid at room temperature. 

Paraffin wax has a carbon number distribution of about 20 to 40 and a molecular weight of about 300 to 550. 
Paraffin wax is composed mainly of straight chain hydrocarbons (normal paraffins).
Paraffin wax is a solid crystalline mixture of straight-chain (normal) hydrocarbons ranging from C20 to C30 and possibly higher, that is, CH3 (CH2)n CH3 where n ≥ 18. 

Paraffin wax is distinguished by Paraffin wax's solid state at ordinary temperatures (25°C, 77°F) and low viscosity (35–45 SUS at 99°C, 210°F) when melted. 
However, in contrast to petroleum wax, petrolatum (petroleum jelly), although solid at ordinary temperatures, does in fact contain both solid and liquid hydrocarbons. 
Paraffin wax is essentially a low-melting, ductile, microcrystalline wax.

Although many natural waxes contain esters, paraffin waxes are hydrocarbon derivatives, mixtures of alkane derivatives usually in a homologous series of chain lengths. 
These materials represent a significant fraction of crude oil and are refined by vacuum distillation. 
Paraffin waxes are mixtures of saturated n- and iso-alkanes, naphthenes, and alkyl-substituted and naphthene-substituted aromatic compounds. 

A typical alkane paraffin wax’s chemical composition comprises hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2. 
The degree of branching has an important influence on the properties.
Paraffin wax is a by-product of heating or distilling petroleum, also known as crude oil. 
Paraffin wax is derived from so-called slack wax. 
This is a mixture of oil and wax which occurs during the refining process of lubricating oils.

Paraffin wax, colorless or white, somewhat translucent, hard wax consisting of a mixture of solid straight-chain hydrocarbons ranging in melting point from about 48° to 66° C (120° to 150° F). 
Paraffin wax is a white wax that is very pliable. 
Paraffin wax is created from petroleum, coal or saturated hydrocarbons, and Paraffin wax can be refined to be nearly colorless and odorless, making Paraffin wax easy to add to other products without changing the scent or color of the product.

An excellent, basic, candle making wax, granular wax melts quickly - Paraffin wax has a high melt point (140F/60C), and is unscented. 
Paraffin wax is easily scented or coloured – use your own fragrance oils or colouring. 
Fully refined paraffin waxes typically have a low oil content (below .5%), good color and are very hard.
The vast majority of candles produced nowadays are made, totally or partially, of paraffin.

Paraffin waxes have a distinctive crystalline structure, are pale yellow to white (or colorless) and have a melting point range between 122 and 140°F (50 and 60°C).
Generally can accommodate high fragrance loads(in non-mottling blends) with improved scent throw properties.
Pretty much any type of candle can be made with paraffin wax. 
The melting point is the primary determinant of the type of candle you can make with it.

Paraffin wax is a by-product of the refining process of mineral base oils refined from petroleum. 
Lubricants are produced from crude oil, followed by extraction and hydrocracking at this stage of the process, to create paraffin and Paraffin wax's derivatives. 
These paraffin derivatives contain different technical features for various sectors.

Paraffin wax is a white or colorless soft solid derivable from petroleum, coal or oil shale, that consists of a mixture of hydrocarbonmolecules containing between twenty and forty carbon atoms. 
These waxes are categorized by oil content and the degree of refinement.
The crudest versions fall into the slack wax category and contain between 7% to 20% oil.

Next on the step of refinement are scale waxes containing between 0.5% to 7% oil that are called Semi Refined Paraffin Wax.
The highest grade of refinement is the Fully Refined Paraffin Wax that has maximum 0.5% oil.
Paraffin wax, colourless or white, somewhat translucent, hard wax consisting of a mixture of solid straight-chain hydrocarbons ranging in melting point from about 52° to 66° C (120° to 150° F).
Paraffin wax is solid at room temperature and begins to melt above approximately 37 °C (99 °F) its boiling point is >370 °C (698 °F).

Common applications for paraffin wax include lubrication, electrical insulation,rubber, and candles. 
Paraffin wax is distinct from kerosene, another petroleum product that is sometimes called paraffin. 
Paraffin wax is generally white in color, whereas microcrystalline wax and petrolatum range from white to almost dark brown. 

A fully refined wax should be virtually colorless (water-white) when examined in the molten state. 
The Saybolt color test method (ASTM D156) is used for nearly colorless waxes, and in this method, a melted sample is placed in a heated vertical tube mounted alongside a second tube containing standard color disks. 
An optical viewer allows simultaneous viewing of both tubes. 

The level of the sample is decreased until Paraffin wax's color is lighter than that of the standard, and the color number above this level is the Saybolt color.
The test method for the color of petroleum products (ASTM DI500, IP 196) is for Paraffin wax and petrolatum that are too dark for the Saybolt colorimeter. 

A liquid sample is placed in the test container, a glass cylinder of 30-35 min ID, and compared with colored glass disks ranging in value from 0-5 to 8-0, using a standard light source.
Paraffin Wax is produced only from refineries, which have wax production units. 
There are three types of Paraffin Wax namely Type-1, Type-2 and Type-3. 
These categories are based on the oil content.

Paraffin wax refers to a white or colourless soft solid that is used as a lubricant and for other applications. 
Paraffin wax is derived from petroleum and consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules containing between twenty and forty carbon atoms. 
Paraffin wax is solid at room temperature and begins to melt above approximately 37 °C; its boiling point is >370 deg C. 
In chemistry, paraffin is used synonymously with "alkane", indicating hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2. 
The name is derived from Latin parum ("barely") + affinis, meaning "lacking affinity" or "lacking reactivity" indicating paraffin's unreactive nature.

Paraffin wax is insoluble in water, but soluble in ether, benzene, and certain esters. 
Paraffin wax is unaffected by most common chemical reagents but burns readily.
Paraffin wax is an excellent electrical insulator, with an electrical resistivity of between 1013 and 1017 ohm metre. 
This is better than nearly all other materials except some plastics (notably Teflon). 
Paraffin wax is an effective neutron moderator.

Paraffin wax is an excellent material to store heat, having a specific heat capacity of 2.14–2.9 J g−1 K−1 (joule per gram kelvin) and a heat of fusion of 200–220 J g−1. 
This property is exploited in modified drywall for home building material: a certain type (with the right melting point) of wax is infused in the drywall during manufacture so that, when installed, Paraffin wax melts during the day, absorbing heat, and solidifies again at night, releasing the heat. 

Paraffin wax phase change cooling coupled with retractable radiators was used to cool the electronics of the Lunar Rover. 
The feedstock for paraffin is slack wax. 
Slack wax is a mixture of oil and wax, a byproduct from the refining of lubricating oil.
The first step in making paraffin wax is to remove the oil (de-oiling or de-waxing) from the slack wax. 

The oil is separated through crystallization. 
Most commonly, the slack wax is heated, mixed with one or more solvents such as a ketone and then cooled. 
As it is cooled, wax crystallizes out leaving oil in solution. 
This mixture is filtered into two streams: solid (wax plus some solvent) and liquid (oil and solvent). 
After the solvent is recovered by distillation, the resulting products are called "product wax" (or "press wax") and "foots oil". 

The lower the percentage of oil in the wax the more refined it is considered (semi-refined versus fully refined). 
The product wax may be further processed to remove colors and odors. 
The wax may finally be blended together to give certain desired properties such as melt point and penetration. 
Paraffin wax is sold in either liquid or solid form.

The feedstock for paraffin is slack wax. 
Slack wax is a mixture of oil and wax, a byproduct from the refining of lubricating oil.
Paraffin wax refers to a mixture of alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons) with the general molecular formula CnH2n+2. 
For Paraffin wax usually, „n“ is within a range of 18-32.
For paraffin wax, the one found in oil pipelines, „n“ can be up to 75. 

The solidification point for hard Paraffin wax is between 50-60°C.
Paraffin wax is one constituent of crude oil.
When transporting the crude through the piping system, solidifying paraffin wax can become a problem. 
Paraffin wax sticks to the inner piping walls and steadily reduces its cross-section. 

In general, this issue is called „waxing“
Paraffin wax, also known as liquid paraffin, paraffin oil or kerosene, is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid that’s burned as a fuel. 
Paraffin wax fuel refers to a mixture of different types of hydrocarbons with the chemical formula CnH2n+2; specifically paraffins are a group of alkanes.
Paraffins are key components of petroleum and natural gas. 

Those with fewer than 5 carbon atoms per molecule tend to be gases at room temperature, whereas those with between 5 and 15 carbon atoms are usually fluid in form. 
Straight-chain varieties with over 15 carbon atoms per molecule are solid at room temperature.
Paraffin wax is less hazardous than gasoline and boils at 150-275oC. 
Paraffin wax can be extracted from coal, wood and oil shale, but is mostly acquired from the distillation of petroleum.

When first discovered, the cost of producing Paraffin wax was high, but prices fell when new sources and cheaper methods of refining were later uncovered.
Paraffin wax is a good base wax and is used as a casting wax, or mixed with other wax types. 
Paraffin wax is a little weaker and shrinks more than microcrystalline wax. 

Paraffin wax is often whiter than microcrystalline wax.
Paraffin wax is idealy suited to blend with other waxes to lower melting point and hardness and to increase flexibility.
Paraffin wax is a real base wax and is used as casting wax or mixed through other waxes. 
Paraffin wax is melted at a temperature of 70°C and poured into an open mold. 
The professional caster will do so under pressure or vacuum to prevent air bubbles. 

Paraffin waxes in a solid state are usually white, translucent, tasteless and odorless. 
They are hard, relatively brittle and have a slightly dry feel. 
In a molten state, paraffin waxes are clear, colorless liquids of low viscosity. 
When melted, these Paraffin waxes increase in volume by about 5-8%, resulting in a decrease in density.

Refined Paraffin Wax 130 is a blend of Paraffin Waxes, with an average molecular weight between 300 and 390. 
Paraffin wax has an oil content lower than 0.5%. 
Paraffin wax is recommended for use in cosmetic products. 
In lipsticks, Paraffin wax's oil adsorption capability improves the product's softening point. 
In cold creams, Paraffin wax provides consistency and emollience, prevents dehydration, and preserves skin smoothness.

Paraffin wax is available in 1 lb. beads or blocks and sold in cases of either 6 or 36 pounds. 
Six pounds of wax covers approximately 40 sets of hands that are dipped 3 times each. 
The lightly scented wax is expertly blended with all the necessary oils to remain soft and supple without leaving an oily residue, ensuring no additional oils are needed.

Paraffin wax is mostly found as a white, odorless, tasteless, waxy solid, with a typical melting point between about 46 and 68°C (115 and 154°F) and a density of approximately 900, is insoluble in water, but soluble in ether, benzene, and certain esters. 
Paraffin wax is often classed as a stable chemical since Paraffin wax is unaffected by most common chemical reagents but burns readily.
Paraffin wax is the common name for the mixture of solid higher alkanes, the molecular formula is CnH2n+2, where n=20-40. 

The excess oil residue in the wax is removed through the process of petroleum refining. 
Paraffin wax is then deoiled and separated by vacuum distillation. 
The main component of refined Paraffin wax is saturated normal alkanes with carbon number of about 20-40, containing a small amount of isomers and alkanes.

Paraffin wax, also known as crystalline wax, is usually a white, odorless waxy solid. 
Paraffin wax melts at 47°C-64°C and has a density of about 0.9g/cm3. 
Paraffin wax is soluble in gasoline, carbon disulfide, xylene, ether, benzene, chloroform, and tetrachloride. 

Non-polar solvents such as carbon, naphtha, etc., are insoluble in polar solvents such as water and methanol. 
Pure Paraffin is a good insulator, Paraffin wax's resistivity is 1013-1017 ohm·m, which is higher than most materials except some plastics (especially Teflon).
Fully refined paraffin waxes are a hard, white crystalline material derived from petroleum. 

Paraffin waxes are predominately composed of normal, straight-chain hydrocarbons. 
The water-repellent and thermoplastic properties of paraffin waxes make them ideal for many applications. 
Typical end uses include cereal, delicatessen, and household wrap, corrugated containers, candles, cheese and vegetable coatings, and hot melt adhesives.
Paraffin wax is a hydrocarbon mixture extracted from certain distillates of petroleum, shale oil or other bituminous mineral oils. 

The main component is solid alkanes, which is odorless and tasteless, and is a white or light yellow translucent solid. 
Paraffin wax is a mixture of solid higher alkanes, the molecular formula of the main component is CnH2n+2, where n=17～35. 
The main components are straight-chain alkanes, a small amount of alkane with individual branches and monocyclic cycloalkanes with long side chains; straight-chain alkanes are mainly n-docosane (C22H46) and n-octadecane (C28H58) . 
This hypoallergenic paraffin wax is paraben free and contains only FDA Food Grade ingredients. 

Paraffin wax is suitable to use in all paraffin baths and is available in multiple sizes and scents to meet the needs of professional and personal use. 
This high-quality wax melts into a translucent liquid to retain more heat and effectively transfer the heat to the treatment area. 
Paraffin wax, also commonly called ‘paraffin’, is a colourless or white, tasteless, odourless, translucent waxy solid. 
Paraffin wax has a typical melting point between about 46°C and 68°C. 

Pure paraffin wax is a combustible substance and insoluble in water but soluble in petroleum solvents and stable under normal conditions of use. 
Paraffin has been identified as an excellent electrical insulator.
Paraffin wax, also commonly called ‘paraffin’, is a colourless or white, tasteless, odourless, translucent waxy solid. 
Paraffin wax has a typical melting point between about 46°C and 68°C. 

Pure paraffin wax is a combustible substance and insoluble in water but soluble in petroleum solvents and stable under normal conditions of use. 
Paraffin has been identified as an excellent electrical insulator. 
Paraffin wax is colorless or white with an odorless mass. 
Paraffin wax consists of a mixture of solid aliphatic hydrocarbons. 

Paraffin wax, or hard wax, is a mixture of solid hydrocarbons, mainly alkanes. 
Paraffin wax can be added to medicinal agents. 
Petroleum wax and petrolatum are the only hydrocarbons permitted for use in food products.
Paraffin wax is manufactured by the distillation of crude petroleum or shale oil, followed by purification by acid treatment and filtration. 

Paraffins with different properties may be produced by controlling the distillation and subsequent congealing conditions.
Synthetic Paraffin wax, synthesized from carbon monoxide and hydrogen is also available.
A solid mixture of hydrocarbons, obtained from petroleum.

White translucent tasteless odorless solids. 
Density 0.88- 0.92 g / cm3. 
Insoluble in water. 
Melting range 47-65°C. 

USES and APPLICATIONS of PARAFFIN WAX:
-Paraffin wax is used as a household wax and extensively as a coating for food containers and wrappers.
-Paraffin wax is used in candles, lubricants, crayons, floor polishes, cosmetics, chewing gum.
-Paraffin wax elevates a wide range of manicure and pedicure treatments by helping to soften and soothe the skin and cuticles. 
-Luxury paraffin wax supplies are infused with the finest ingredients, from aloe vera to jojoba oil. 

-Application areas include hot melt adhesives, PVC production, textile industry, explosives ,candlemaking, paper and packaging, inks, paints, match production, rodent bait carrier, fishnet protection, tire and rubber industry.
-Paraffin wax is an effective neutron moderator and was used in James Chadwick's 1932 experiments to identify the neutron.
-Common applications for paraffin wax include lubrication, electrical insulation, and candles; dyed paraffin wax can be made into crayons. 

-Paraffin wax is distinct from kerosene and other petroleum products that are sometimes called paraffin.
-Paraffin wax phase-change cooling coupled with retractable radiators was used to cool the electronics of the Lunar Roving Vehicle during the crewed missions to the Moon in the early 1970s. 
-Wax expands considerably when Paraffin wax melts and this allows Paraffin wax's use in wax element thermostats for industrial, domestic and, particularly, automobile purposes.

-Paraffin wax is used in hot melt adhesives.
-Paraffin wax’s often used in skin-softening salon and spa treatments on the hands, cuticles, and feet because it’s colorless, tasteless, and odorless. 
-Paraffin wax can also be used to provide pain relief to sore joints and muscles.

-Paraffin wax’s often used as lubrication, electrical insulation, and to make candles and crayons.
-Paraffin has cosmetic and therapeutic benefits.
-Cosmetic benefits:
Cosmetically, paraffin wax is often applied to the hands and feet. 
Paraffin wax is a natural emollient, helping make skin supple and soft. 
When applied to the skin, Paraffin wax adds moisture and continues to boost the moisture levels of the skin after the treatment is complete.

-Paraffin wax can also help open pores and remove dead skin cells. 
That may help make the skin look fresher and feel smoother.
-A paraffin wax treatment has many aesthetic benefits and can also provide relief for people with conditions like arthritis and fibromyalgia. 
You can pay for Paraffin wax to be done in a nail salon or spa or you can do Paraffin wax at home, if you have the right equipment.

-Paraffin wax are mainly used in Candle production, in the wood sector, rubber, plastics, construction and paper.
-Most candle fragrances and dyes were formulated for Paraffin wax, so they work quite reliably.
-Consistent attractive appearance - does not frost like natural wax.
-Paraffin Wax is used as raw material for making candles, waterproofing of paper and textiles, polishing, tire industry (always in the form of granule), masterbatch producing and etc.

-Paraffin wax is used in candles, wax paper, polishes, cosmetics, and electrical insulators. 
Paraffin wax assists in extracting perfumes from flowers, forms a base for medical ointments, and supplies a waterproof coating for wood. 
-In wood and paper matches, Paraffin wax helps to ignite the matchstick by supplying an easily vaporized hydrocarbon fuel.
-These wax dispersions serve as heavy-duty floor wax, as waterproofing for textiles and paper, as tanning agents for leather, as metal-drawing lubricants, as rust preventives, and for masonry and concrete treatment.

-Therapeutic benefits:
Paraffin wax may be used to help relieve pain in the hands of people with:
*osteoarthritis
*rheumatoid arthritis
*fibromyalgia
*other joint mobility issues

Paraffin wax acts like a form of heat therapy and can help increase blood flow, relax muscles, and decrease joint stiffness. 
Paraffin wax can also minimize muscle spasms and inflammation as well as treat sprains.

-Some salons and spas may offer a paraffin wax bath as part of their manicures and pedicures, but most offer Paraffin wax as a separate treatment, too.
-How to use it at home:
You can have a paraffin wax treatment done at a nail salon or spa, but you can also do Paraffin wax at home. 
Paraffin wax’s important to follow the correct steps to get the maximum benefits from the treatment.

-In industrial applications, Paraffin wax is often useful to modify the crystal properties of the paraffin wax, typically by adding branching to the existing carbon backbone chain. 
-The modification is usually done with additives, such as EVA copolymers, microcrystalline wax, or forms of polyethylene. 

-The branched properties result in a modified Paraffin wax with a higher viscosity, smaller crystalline structure, and modified functional properties. 
-Pure paraffin wax is rarely used for carving original models for casting metal and other materials in the lost wax process, as Paraffin wax is relatively brittle at room temperature and presents the risks of chipping and breakage when worked. 
-Soft and pliable waxes, like beeswax, may be preferred for such sculpture, but "investment casting waxes," often paraffin-based, are expressly formulated for the purpose.

-In a histology or pathology laboratory, paraffin wax is used to impregnate tissue prior to sectioning thin samples of tissue. 
-Water is removed from the tissue through ascending strengths of alcohol (75% to absolute) and the tissue is cleared in an organic solvent such as xylene. 
The tissue is then placed in paraffin wax for a number of hours and then set in a mold with wax to cool and solidify; sections are then cut on a microtome.

-Other uses of Paraffin wax: 
Candle-making, Wax carving, Bicycle chain lubrication, and Coatings for waxed paper or waxed cotton, 
-Food-grade paraffin wax:
*Shiny coating used in candy-making; although edible, it is nondigestible, passing through the body without being broken down
*Coating for many kinds of hard cheese, like Edam cheese

*Sealant for jars, cans, and bottles
*Chewing gum additive
*Investment casting
*Anti-caking agent, moisture repellent, and dustbinding coatings for fertilizers

*Agent for preparation of specimens for histology
*Bullet lubricant – with other ingredients, such as olive oil and beeswax
*Phlegmatizing agent, commonly used to stabilise/desensitize high explosives such as RDX
*Crayons

*Solid propellant for hybrid rocket motors
*Component of surfboard wax, ski wax, and skateboard wax
*Ink. 

-Paraffin wax is used as the basis for solid ink different color blocks of wax for thermal printers. 
-Paraffin wax is melted and then sprayed on the paper producing images with a shiny surface
-Microwax: food additive, a glazing agent with E number E905
-Forensic investigations: the nitrate test uses paraffin wax to detect nitrates and nitrites on the hand of a shooting suspect
-Paraffin wax can also be used for oxidation to generate synthetic fatty acids. 

-Paraffin wax is used in the production of candles, crayons, wax paper, rubber, wires, cables, plates, waterproof materials, electrical insulation, food packaging, precision casting, general telecommunications equipment, textiles, printing, metal rust prevention, and other chemicals required by various industrial sectors raw material.
-Paraffin wax can also be made into detergents, emulsifiers, dispersants, plasticizers, greases, etc. 
As a kind of latent heat storage material, paraffin wax has the advantages of large latent heat of phase change, small volume change during solid-liquid phase change, good thermal stability, no supercooling phenomenon, and low price.

-Paraffin wax is used in aviation, aerospace, microelectronics, etc. 
-Various fields such as scientific and technological systems and house energy saving have been widely used.
-Paraffin wax has many uses, mainly used in the manufacture of matches, fiberboard, tarpaulin and so on.
-Wax Therapy Treatments:
Performa Paraffin Wax is used to successfully deliver heat to aching joints and stiff muscles. 

-The residue-free formulation allows clinicians to build thick, pliable layers on treatment areas to maximize the therapeutic heat benefits. 
The more layers of paraffin wax applied to a treatment area, the longer the heat will last. 
-Paraffin wax can be made into flake or needle crystals obtained by solvent dewaxing or freezing crystallization of wax, pressing dewaxing to obtain wax paste, and then solvent deoiling and refining. 

-Paraffin wax is used to make higher fatty acids, higher alcohols, matches, candles, waterproofing agents, ointments, electrical insulating materials, etc. 
-Paraffin wax is divided into food grade (food grade and packaging grade, the former is excellent) and industrial grade. 
Food grade is non-toxic and industrial grade is not edible.
-Because of Paraffin wax's high oil content, crude paraffin is mainly used to make matches, fiberboards, tarpaulins, etc. 

-After adding polyolefin additives to paraffin wax, Paraffin wax's melting point increases, adhesion and flexibility increase, and Paraffin wax is widely used in moisture-proof and waterproof packaging paper, cardboard, surface coating of certain textiles and candle production.
-After immersing the paper in paraffin wax, various wax papers with good waterproof performance can be prepared, which can be used in food, medicine and other packaging, metal rust prevention and printing industries; after paraffin wax is added to cotton yarn, the textiles can be soft, smooth and smooth. 

-Paraffin wax is elastic; paraffin wax can also be used to make detergents, emulsifiers, dispersants, plasticizers, greases, etc.
-Fully refined paraffin and semi-refined paraffin have a wide range of uses. 
-Paraffin wax is mainly used as components and packaging materials for food, oral medicines and certain commodities (such as wax paper, crayons, candles, carbon paper), coating materials for baking containers, and Fruit preservation, insulation of electrical components, improvement of rubber aging resistance and flexibility, etc.

-Paraffin wax is also used in the manufacturing of paraffin papers, candles, food.
-Paraffin wax is also used in the manufacturing of paraffin papers, candles, food packaging materials, varnishes, floor polishes, to extract perfumes from flowers, in lubricants, and cosmetics. 

-Paraffin wax is also used in water-proofing wood, and cork.
-Paraffin wax is used in the manufacture of paraffin papers, candles, food packaging materials, varnishes, floor polishes, to extract perfumes from flowers, in lubricants, and cosmetics. 
-Paraffin wax is also used in waterproofing wood and cork.

-Paraffin Wax is used to embed tissues to be used in research.
-Paraffin wax can be used as a phase changing material in a wide range of applications which include solar based water heaters, microcapsules and thermal energy devices (TEDs).

-Antiozonant agents: blends of paraffin and micro waxes are used in rubber compounds to prevent cracking of the rubber; the admixture of wax migrates to the surface of the product and forms a protective layer. 
The layer can also act as a release agent, helping the product separate from its mould.
-Paraffin wax is used Mechanical thermostats and actuators, as an expansion medium for activating such devices.

-Paraffin wax is used as a potting material to encapsulate electronic components such as guitar pickups, transformers, and inductors, to prevent moisture ingress and to reduce electromagnetically-induced acoustic noise and microphonic effects.
-Paraffin wax is used Textile manufacturing processes, such as that used for Eisengarn thread.
-Paraffin wax is used Thickening agent in many paintballs

-Paraffin wax is used Moisturiser in toiletries and cosmetics such as Vaseline.
-Paraffin wax prevents oxidation on the surface of polished steel and iron
-Paraffin wax is used Phase change material for thermal energy storage
-Paraffin wax is used by MESSENGER (Mercury spacecraft), when the spacecraft was unable to radiate excessive heat.

-Paraffin wax is used Manufacture of boiled leather armor and books
-Paraffin wax is used Neutron radiation shielding
-Wax baths for occupational and physical therapies, and cosmetic treatments
-Paraffin wax is used for wood finishing

-Paraffin wax is used as a fuel for fire breathing
-Paraffin wax is used in Lava Lamps
-Paraffin Wax applies to the raw materials to make high quality candle, wax rin,carbon paper, stencil paper match, precision casting, art wax and telecommunication equipment, rubber produce, master batch, etc.. 

-Paraffin wax is widely used on the candle produce.
-Polishes to improve buff ability, to provide solvent binding and solvent retention properties.
-Rubber and Tires as mould release agents, plasticizers and lubricants in rubber blends.
-Cosmetics and Pharmacy to act as base component in various formulations.

-Paper Coating formulations covering packaging of food and non food articles.
-Hot Melt Adhesives as cost-competitive blend component.
-Chemical Industry as processing agents, raw materials, components.
-Representative applications of paraffin wax include candles and paper product processing.

-The former is an application that wonderfully combines the properties of Paraffin wax, such as Paraffin wax's solid state at room temperature, low melt viscosity, and good flammability, while the latter is used to provide various functions such as moisture proofing, waterproofing, fragrance retention, gloss, and lubrication.

-There are a variety of other applications of Paraffin wax including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, electrical uses, rubber, adhesives, lubricants, oxidized paraffin, chlorinated paraffin, matches, ink, stationery, agriculture and forestry uses, carving/modeling and casting arts and crafts, spinning use, leather, glazing, neutron moderating, and ceramic molding. 
Each of these applications utilizes the unique properties of Paraffin wax.

-Paraffin wax is obtained from petroleum by dewaxing light lubricating oil stocks. 
-Paraffin wax is used in candles, wax paper, polishes, cosmetics, and electrical insulators. 
-Paraffin wax assists in extracting perfumes from flowers, forms a base for medical ointments, and supplies a waterproof coating for wood. 
-In wood and paper matches, Paraffin wax helps to ignite the matchstick by supplying an easily vaporized hydrocarbon fuel.

-Salons and spas may offer paraffin wax treatments, but people can also use the treatment at home.
-The treatments at home and in a spa are likely very similar. 
When using Paraffin wax at home, a person should use caution when heating the wax and follow all instructions on the kit.
-Heat therapy:
A person can use paraffin wax as a form of heat therapy for their hands or feet.

To use Paraffin wax for heat therapy, a person can melt Paraffin wax, test the temperature, and dip their hands or feet in Paraffin wax. 
This may help relieve stiff muscles and joints by improving circulation and increasing blood flow to the area.
People with different forms of arthritis may find that this form of heat therapy helps alleviate pain, stiffness, and swelling, as well as helping to improve mobility and flexibility.

-Moisturizing:
Spas and salons often use paraffin wax in skin-softening treatments to moisturize the hands, feet, and cuticles. 
Paraffin wax is an occlusive moisturizerTrusted Source, which means Paraffin wax forms a physical barrier on the skin to prevent water loss. 
This can make a person’s skin feel supple and soft.

 
-Paraffin wax is the most widely used embedding medium for preparing histological slides. 
The fixed tissue not being miscible with Paraffin wax, selected pieces are passed through baths of alcohol of ever-increasing concentration in order to remove all water. 
The alcohol-saturated tissue is then transferred to an ante-medium which is miscible with both the alcohol and the paraffin wax. 
Many ante-media raise the refractive index of the tissue, imparting to Paraffin wax a transparent appearance. 

For this reason, they are commonly referred to as ‘clearing agents’, but as this is a property not possessed by all of them, the term is incorrect. 
The ante-medium is eventually replaced by molten paraffin wax and when sufficiently impregnated, the tissue is embedded in fresh wax which solidifies on cooling.

-The paraffin wax technique permits thin individual and serial sections to be cut with ease from the majority of tissues. 
Paraffin wax also allows a multitude of staining techniques to be employed and facilitates storage of the blocks and unstained mounted sections.
-Paraffin wax is a colorless, soft wax that can provide therapeutic heat therapy for the hands and feet. 
-Paraffin wax also has softening and moisturizing effects on the skin.
-Occlusive agents such as paraffin wax can also help relieve.

-As with other waxes, paraffin wax melts when Paraffin wax is heated. 
Paraffin wax has a low melting point, so Paraffin wax is safe to touch in its liquid form. 
This means that people can submerge their hands or feet in the wax for potential therapeutic benefits.
-Paraffin wax is a solid waxy substance that companies often use to make candles.

-Paraffin wax also has other uses, such as a stiffening agent in ointments or an anti-inflammatory cream for the skin.
-People often use Paraffin wax to relieve the symptoms of arthritis, and some spas use it as a therapeutic treatment.
-Paraffin wax is also a mineral oil and an ingredient in many skin creams, lotions, and gels.
-Paraffin wax has some potential therapeutic uses. 
Some salons and spas use Paraffin wax as a skin-softening treatment or pain relief for sore joints and muscles.

-The two main benefits of paraffin wax are Paraffin wax's moisturizing or skin-softening properties and Paraffin wax's use in heat therapy.
-Salons and spas may offer paraffin wax treatments, but people can also use the treatment at home. 
The treatments at home and in a spa are likely very similar. 
When using wax at home, a person should use caution when heating Paraffin wax and follow all instructions on the kit.

-To perform a paraffin wax treatment at home, a person should follow these steps:
*Wash hands with soap and water.
*Apply a lotion or moisturizer to the hands.
*Test the temperature of the wax by dipping a fingertip in gently.
*Spread the fingers and dip the hand into the wax. Remove when coated.
*Repeat this, dipping and drying the hand about 6–8 times.

*Cover the hand with a towel or plastic bag immediately. 
*Keep it covered for 15–20 minutes.
*Remove the towel.
*Carefully peel the cooled wax from the hand.
*Repeat steps with the other hand.

-Paraffin wax is used for making candles, coatings, lubricants, separating agents, in the food industry (food-grade paraffin wax), in the pharmaceutical industry and for many other purposes. 
-The viscosity tables show examples for different candle waxes and for different wax types used in the food industry.
-This is also a food grade wax - Paraffin wax is often used for canning, candy wax or as a chocolate wax coating - chocolate will harden with a nice glossy sheen.

-Food grade paraffin requires some additives.
-Premixed waxes contain all additives necessary for scent retention ,glass adhesion, mold release etc.
-In other segment of wood industry Paraffin wax is also used for protecting the layer and butt-edge of wood during processing.
-Low melt point Paraffin wax (less than 130°F) is used for container candles in jars, cups or glasses

-Medium melt point Paraffin wax (130°F – 150°F) is used for candles that need to stand on their own – votives, pillars and other molded candles
-High melt point Paraffin wax (greater than 150°F) is used for more special applications like hurricane candle shells, overdipping and other special candle making applications.
-Paraffin wax is one of the most common wax substances on the market. It’s typically more affordable and versatile than other options. -Paraffin wax’s utilized by industries across the board because companies can use different blends of paraffin wax for their products or services. 

-Candles:
Paraffin wax candles were first used to replace tallow candles because they burn cleaner and more reliably. 
Paraffin wax is great for creating custom scented candles because Paraffin wax is colorless and odorless. 
Paraffin wax candles also burn brighter than other candle types. 
Manufacturers create candles with different blends of paraffin wax depending on the type of candle they’re creating and the melting point or oil content.

-Waterproofing:
Paraffin wax is naturally water resistant. 
Paraffin wax coatings can be applied to a variety of products to make them waterproof, including matches, wood and bottles. 
To make your own waterproof matches, dip the match head in melted paraffin wax, remove it from the wax and blow on it to cool and harden the wax quickly.

-Crayons:
Paraffin wax is the primary ingredient in crayons that gives them their waxy texture. 
Paraffin wax, mixed with color pigments, is poured into a mold to form the crayon.
-Friction Reducer:
Since paraffin wax has lubricating properties, Paraffin wax is applied to a variety of products to reduce friction. 
Snowboarders, skateboarders and surfers apply paraffin wax to the bottom of their boards to help them glide easier.

-Coatings:
Paraffin wax is added to many candy coatings and chocolates to give the treats a shiny finish. 
The paraffin wax companies use for food coating must meet the FDA requirements for contact with food. 
Paraffin wax is also used to coat fruits and vegetables to extend shelf life by retaining moisture.

-Beauty and Personal Care:
Paraffin wax has been a part of the beauty and personal care industry for years. 
You’ll find paraffin wax in cosmetics because Paraffin wax quickly dissolves into your skin and provides deep moisture and skin protection. 
You can find Paraffin wax in products like shampoo, lipstick, face makeup, eye makeup, nail products, skincare, sunscreen and more.

-Building Materials:
Construction and building companies use supplies regularly that contain paraffin wax.
Building materials like PVC pipes, drywall and gypsum board all include paraffin wax. 
The paraffin wax provides these materials with protection from corrosion, shedding or other damage. 
Paraffin wax helps create structural integrity and helps maintain porous construction supplies.

-Medical Uses:
Paraffin wax uses in the medical industry is common. 
You can find Paraffin wax in therapeutic medical uses and in medications. 
Some ways the medical industry uses paraffin wax include treating inflammation, dry skin, muscle stiffness, joint pain and massages.

-Today, petroleum-based Paraffin wax (organic) is used in waxes, wax papers, varnishes, the textile, food, furniture, cosmetics industry, and electrical cable insulators, among various other commercial products.
-Praffin wax are semi refined and fully refined type. 
Semi refined is large used for making rubber product.
-Paraffin wax is used in candles, wax paper, polishes, cosmetics, and electrical insulators.

-Paraffin wax assists in extracting perfumes from flowers, forms a base for medical ointments, and supplies a waterproof coating for wood.
-In wood and paper matches, Paraffin wax helps to ignite the matchstick by supplying an easily vaporized hydrocarbon fuel.
-The absence of color is of particular importance in Paraffin wax used for pharmaceutical purposes or for the manufacture of food wrappings. 
-The significance of the color of microcrystalline wax and petrolatum depends on the use for which they are intended. 

-Paraffin Wax remains residue-free, while building thick, pliable layers in an easy-to-remove glove. 
Our Paraffin wax is soft and pliable eliminating the mess found with dry, brittle paraffin waxes. 
Use the cooled, pliable ball of wax to effectively exercise the hand during rehabilitation, or enjoy soft, youthful, deeply moisturized, and healthy looking skin!

-In some applications (e.g., the manufacture of corrosion preventives), color may be of little importance.
-The major use of Paraffin Wax is for candle manufacture. 
-The other uses of Paraffin Wax are for manufacture of Tarpaulin and wax papers.
-Paraffin Wax expands considerably when Paraffin Wax melts and this allows Paraffin Wax's use in wax thermostatic element thermostats for industrial, domestic and, particularly, automobile purposes.

-Paraffin Wax is used Candles; paper coating; protective sealant for food products, beverages, etc.; glass-cleaning preparations; hot melt carpet backing; bioidegradable mulch (hot melt-coated paper), impregnating matches, lubricants; crayons; surgery; stoppers for acid bottles; electrical insulation; floor polishes; cosmetics; photography; anti-frothing agent in sugar refining; packing tobacco products; protecting rubber products from sun-cracking; chewing gum base.

-Paraffin Wax has a variety of practical uses in industries that range from medicine and agriculture to cosmetics. 
While the very first usage of Paraffin Wax dates back to the 19th century as paraffin wax in candles, the oil has since found use in many other forms. 
-Paraffin Wax is commonly used as a fuel for jet engines and rockets, as well as a fuel or fuel component for diesel and tractor engines.
-Paraffin wax: a white or colourless soft solid used as a lubricant, candles, crayons, electrical insulation and petroleum jelly

-Liquid Paraffin Wax (drug): a very highly refined mineral oil used in cosmetics and medicines
-Alkane: a saturated hydrocarbon used as a chemical solvent and in plastics
-Kerosene: a fuel also known as Paraffin Wax 
-Mineral oil: any of various colourless, odourless, light mixtures of alkanes in the C15 – C40 range from non-vegetable (mineral) source, particularly a distillate of petroleum

-Paraffin Wax is used Petroleum jelly (soft paraffin)
-Paraffin Wax is used Tractor vaporising oil: a fuel for petrol-paraffin engines
-Paraffin fuel: for prama-stoves or paraffin stoves, used in households in rural parts of South Africa

-Paraffin Wax is used A coolant for electrical systems, and A hydraulic fluid.
-Liquid paraffin is a mineral oil that comes in two forms: either heavy liquid paraffin oil or light liquid paraffin oil. 
The terms kerosene and paraffin overlap where the latter is used as a liquid fuel. 
Whereas paraffin wax is a waxy solid, liquid paraffin is more viscous and highly refined and can be used as a laxative.

BENEFITS of PARAFFIN WAX:
*good impregnating ability
*controls dust formation
*suppress strip/fibre breakage
*lubricates the surface

PARAFFIN WAX AND OIL EMULSIONS:
While chipboard/particle board prefers paraffin wax emulsions, oil-based emulsions are used in glass-/rockwool insulations.
There are also types of Paraffin Wax emulsions for different wood-processing applications, as well as for paper industry.

TYPES of PARAFFIN WAX:
*Low Melt Point Paraffin Wax – Paraffin Wax with a melting point less than 130° F, this type of wax is soft and adheres well to the sides of containers. 
Therefore, they are best for container and tealight candles.
*High Melt Point Paraffin Wax – Paraffin Wax with a melting point greater than 130° F, this type of wax is harder and therefore provides structural rigidity for use in votive and pillar candles.

MANUFACTURING of PARAFFIN WAX:
The feedstock for Paraffin Wax is slack wax, which is a mixture of oil and wax, a byproduct from the refining of lubricating oil.
The first step in making paraffin wax is to remove the oil (de-oiling or de-waxing) from the slack wax. 
The oil is separated by crystallization. 

Most commonly, the slack wax is heated, mixed with one or more solvents such as a ketone and then cooled. 
As it cools, wax crystallizes out of the solution, leaving only oil. 
This mixture is filtered into two streams: solid (wax plus some solvent) and liquid (oil and solvent). 
After the solvent is recovered by distillation, the resulting products are called "product wax" (or "press wax") and "foots oil". 

The lower the percentage of oil in the wax, the more refined it is considered (semi-refined versus fully refined). 
The product wax may be further processed to remove colors and odors. 
The wax may finally be blended together to give certain desired properties such as melt point and penetration. 
Paraffin wax is sold in either liquid or solid form.

Paraffin wax was first produced commercially in 1867, less than 10 years after the first petroleum well was drilled. 
Paraffin Wax precipitates readily from petroleum on chilling.
Technical progress has served only to make the separations and filtration more efficient and economical.

Purification methods consist of chemical treatment, decolorization by adsorbents, and fractionation of the separated waxes into grades by distillation, recrystallization, or both. 
Crude oils differ widely in wax content.

Synthetic paraffin wax was introduced commercially after World War II as one of the products obtained in the Fischer–Tropsch reaction, which converts coal gas to hydrocarbons.
Snow-white and harder than petroleum paraffin wax, the synthetic product has a unique character and high purity that make it a suitable replacement for certain vegetable waxes and as a modifier for petroleum waxes and for some plastics, such as polyethylene.

HOW IS PARAFFIN WAX MADE?
Paraffin Wax feedstock is slack wax, a combination of oil and wax and a by-product from the refining of lubricating oil. 
Firstly, the oil is removed (de-oiled or de-waxed) from the slack wax and separated by crystallisation. 
Generally, the slack wax is heated, mixed with a solvent such as ketone and then cooled. 
The wax then crystalises out of the solution and the oil remains before the mixture is then filtered into two streams:

Solid – wax plus some solvent
Liquid – oil and solvent
Once the solvent is retrieved by distillation, the subsequent products are “product wax” (or “press wax”) and “foots oil”. 
The lower percentage of oil in the wax, the more refined it is (semi-refined vs fully-refined).

The product wax may be processed more to remove any colours and odours. 
Paraffin Wax may then be blended to achieve specific required products such as penetration and melt point. 
The paraffin wax is then supplied in either liquid or solid form.

PARAFFIN WAX TREATMENT OR TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT:
The crude in the well has a temperature which is over the solidification point of the paraffin wax. 
Thus Paraffin Wax is fluent when being pumped up. 
Along with the transportation through the pipes the crude cools down which is where problems can start. 
Especially in sub-sea lines, where the ambient temperature is particularly cool, waxing has to be avoided.

Temperature Management is a crucial part of engineering around oil wells. 
It has to find the perfect balance between energy efficient heating (which can be costly) and ensuring the flowability of the crude (also a cost factor in terms of waxing). 

The consistency of the crude, the length of the piping system needs to be taken into account as well as seasonal changes of temperature.
Despite all effort, waxing is found in all lines of the piping system from the well to the treatment facilities further downstream. This makes regular cleaning necessary, especially in the cold months. 

The cleaning in the well is done mechanically which requires downtimes of the well and causes a loss of production during the time needed. 
The pipes are cleaned mechanically by pigging (see also video) or by heating the wax for example with steam or hot oil. 
The melted wax can now flow downstream.

WHAT KIND OF CANDLES DOES PARAFFIN WAX MAKE?
Pretty much any type of candle can be made with paraffin wax. 
The melting point is the primary determinant of the
• Is used for container candles in jars, cups or glasses
• Medium melt point paraffin (130°F – 150°F) is used for candles that need to stand on their own – pillars and other molded candles
• High melt point wax (greater than 150°F) is used for more special applications

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF USING PARAFFIN WAX IN BEAUTY PRODUCTS?
When used in cosmetics, paraffin wax is commonly applied to hands and feet. 
Paraffin Wax has a low melting point, allowing Paraffin Wax to melt into a liquid at a temperature that’s not too hot and is safe to touch.  
Paraffin Wax has a natural ointment and helps to soften skin. 
You may have seen women dipping their hands or feet into an opaque white or pink substance at the salon.

Paraffin Wax is used in many beauty products as it’s cheap. 
Paraffin Wax adds moisture and continues to boost moisture levels once the treatment is complete. 
Paraffin Wax also helps open pores and remove dead skin cells, making the skin look fresher and smoother. 
Paraffin Wax also has a long history of treating many physical conditions such as arthritis and increasing blood flow.

HISTORY OF PARAFFIN WAX:
Paraffin wax was first created in 1830 by the German chemist Karl von Reichenbach when he tried to develop the means to efficiently separate and refine the waxy substances naturally occurring in petroleum. 

Paraffin Wax represented a major advance in the candlemaking industry because Paraffin Wax burned cleanly and reliably and was cheaper to manufacture than any other candle fuel. 
Paraffin wax initially suffered from a low melting point; however, this shortcoming was later remedied by the addition of harder stearic acid. 
The production of paraffin wax enjoyed a boom in the early 20th century as a result of the growth of the oil and meatpacking industries which created paraffin and stearic acid as byproducts.

Paraffin wax is acquired from petroleum by dewaxing light lubricating oil stocks. 
Paraffin Wax was first produced in 1830 by Carl Reichenbach in Germany and commemorated a key advancement in candle making technology, as its burn was cleaner, more consistent than tallow candles and was cheaper to produce.

Initially, paraffin wax had a low melting point, however, the addition of stearic acid later solved this. 
Paraffin wax production was thriving in the early 20th century from a rise in meatpacking and oil industries which generated paraffin and stearic acid as by-products.

WHAT ARE SYNTHETIC WAXES AND WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES WITH PARAFFIN WAX?
Synthetic waxes are also hydrocarbon waxes, but they are obtained by synthesis.  
These types of waxes include Fischer Tropsh/GLT and Alpha Olefin waxes.
The physical properties of these waxes can be, and in many cases are, very similar to the physical properties of a petroleum paraffin wax.  

In many applications these waxes can replace a petroleum wax on a direct 1:1 basis.  
The main difference is how these waxes are produced.
Petroleum waxes are typically a by-product in the production of base oil, which main purpose is automotive lubricants.  
In a typical refinery producing Group I base oils, the oil fractions are de-waxed, and the by-product from this process is called slack wax, then depending on the refinery the slack wax is de-oiled to produce a refined paraffin wax.

In the case of Paraffin Waxes, the wax is NOT a by-product.  
The refineries that make these products are designed to produce Paraffin Wax from the start, particularly in the Fischer Tropsch/GTL process.
The Fischer Tropsch/ GTL process was invented in Germany during the second world war to produce fuels using carbon as a raw material.  This process was adapted and perfected by Sasol in South Africa during the time of apartheid, also using carbon as its main raw material. 

Over the last 30 years the process has been adapted to use natural gas as a main feedstock, but over the last decade many other products, including methane gas from landfill trash.
The process converts the raw material into a liquid called syngas, using a special catalyst.  
From there the plant is designed to produce the desired products, so if the plant is designed to produce wax, it will always produce wax.  
These waxes are 100% linear hydrocarbon waxes just like paraffin wax, and in most cases are 100% compatible with paraffin wax applications.

SOY WAX VS. PARAFFIN WAX:
SOY WAX:
Soy waxes are made from soybean oil and can contain other non-soy materials. 
The soybean oil is separated from the beans by use of a mechanical press or by using a solvent to extract the oil. 

The primary step in making soy wax is a process called hydrogenation. 
Basically, the soybean oil is treated with a hydrogen solution that causes the oil to solidify and create wax. 
Every manufacturer has a different process and most of them keep their "recipes" very secretive but the process starts out the same for all of them.

Soy wax is a natural product that has these general properties:
Non-Toxic - meaning that soy wax is not poisonous.
Made of either 100% soybean oil or a combination of other non-soy materials (animal products and/or other vegetable products).
Clean-burning fuel source - meaning soy wax meets several requirements under federal regulations that classify it as clean-burning.
Colorless  - meaning the wax itself does not contain any color and typically appears opaque.

PARAFFIN WAX:
Paraffin waxes are actually petroleum based and are created using crude oil (also known as fossil fuel) which is extracted from the earth. 
On a molecular level, crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons that were created from the decomposition of plants and animals that lived under water many years ago. 

Once extracted, crude oil is sent to refineries where it is then turned into finished products like lubricating oil. 
Paraffin Wax is from the lube oil refining process that paraffin waxes are created.
Paraffin wax is a natural product that has these general properties:
Non-Toxic - meaning that paraffin wax is not poisonous.
Non-Reactive - meaning that during certain lab tests, the wax did not respond or react to certain stimuli.

Excellent water barrier - paraffin wax is very good at repelling water and other liquids.
Clean-burning fuel source - meaning paraffin wax meets several requirements under federal regulations that classify Paraffin Wax as clean-burning.
Colorless - meaning the wax itself does not contain any color and typically appears semi-translucent.

WAX:
Wax is of two general types: 
(i) paraffin wax in petroleum distillates and,
(ii) microcrystalline wax in petroleum residua.
Paraffin wax is a solid crystalline mixture of straightchain (normal) hydrocarbons ranging from 20 to 30 carbon atoms per molecule, and even higher.

Paraffin wax is a solid crystalline mixture of straightchain (normal) hydrocarbons ranging from C20 to C30 and possibly higher, that is, CH3(CH2)nCH3 , where n≥18. 
Paraffin Wax is distinguished by Paraffin Wax's solid state at ordinary temperatures (25°C, 77°F) and low viscosity (35–45 SUS at 99°C, 210°F) when melted. 

However, in contrast to petroleum wax, petrolatum (petroleum jelly), although solid at ordinary temperatures, does in fact contain both solid and liquid hydrocarbons. 
It is essentially a low-melting, ductile, microcrystalline wax.

Microcrystalline waxes form approximately 1–2% w/w of crude oil and are valuable products having numerous applications. 
These waxes are usually obtained from heavy lube distillates by solvent dewaxing and from tank bottom sludge by acid clay treatment. 
However, these crude wax products usually contain appreciable quantity (10–20% w/w) of residual oil and, as such, are not suitable for many applications such as paper coating, electrical insulation, textile printing, and polishes.

Microcrystalline waxes:
Microcrystalline waxes are a type of wax produced by de-oiling petrolatum, as part of the petroleum refining process. 
In contrast to the more familiar paraffin wax, which contains mostly unbranched alkanes, microcrystalline wax contains a higher percentage of iso-paraffin (branched) and naphthene hydrocarbons. 

It is characterized by the fineness of its crystals in contrast to the larger crystal of paraffin wax. 
It consists of high-molecular-weight saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. 
It is generally darker, more viscous, denser, tackier, and more elastic than paraffin waxes, and has a higher molecular weight and melting point. 

The elastic and adhesive characteristics of microcrystalline waxes are related to the non-straightchain components that they contain. 
Typical microcrystalline wax crystal structure is small and thin, making them more flexible than paraffin wax.
Microcrystalline waxes when produced by wax refiners are typically produced to meet a number of ASTM specifications, which include congealing point (ASTM D938), needle penetration (D1321), color (ASTM D6045), and viscosity (ASTM D445). 

Microcrystalline wax is also a key component in the manufacture of petrolatum. 
The branched structure of the carbon chain backbone allows oil molecules to be incorporated into the crystal lattice structure. 
The desired properties of the petrolatum can be modified by using microcrystalline wax bases of different congeal points (ASTM D938) and needle penetration (ASTM D1321).

TO DO AN AT-HOME TREATMENT, YOU WILL NEED THE FOLLOWING SUPPLIES:
*four pounds of food-grade paraffin wax
*double boiler*
*measuring cup

*mineral oil
*greased plastic container
*thermometer

*olive oil
*sealable plastic bag
*towel or oven mitt

*timer
*tissue
*moisturizer

You could also purchase a portable paraffin wax bath to use for at-home treatments. 
These devices help reduce the number of supplies you need, and many of them come with paraffin wax.
If you’re using a paraffin wax bath, follow the instructions provided with your machine.

Step 1: Melt the wax:
The easiest way to melt paraffin wax at home is to use a double boiler. 
If you have nail polish on, remove it before starting the process.
Wash your hands well and dry them with a lint-free towel.

To melt the wax:
Add four pounds of paraffin wax to the top of a double boiler. 
Add water to the bottom of the boiler and place it on the stove over low heat.

Add one cup of mineral oil to the wax.
When the wax is completely melted, take the boiler off the stove. 
Carefully pour the wax into a greased plastic container.

Wait for a thin skin to form on the top of the wax.
Check the temperature of the wax with a thermometer. 
The wax is ready to use when it reaches 125°F (51.7°C).

Step 2: Apply the wax:
Once the wax is prepared, it’s ready to use. 

To apply:
Massage a few drops of olive oil into the skin of the area you’re going the treat.
Dip your entire hand or foot into the wax and leave it in for a few seconds until a layer forms over the area.
Wait for the wax to dry. 
You’ll know it’s dry when the shine has faded. 

Once dry, put your hand or foot back into the wax, going a little less deep than you did before. 
This stops warm wax from getting under the previous layers of wax, preventing burns.
Repeat this process until you have at least 10 layers of wax on your hand or foot.

Step 3: Bag your hand or foot:
Once you’ve applied at least 10 layers of wax to your hand or foot, put a large plastic bag over that. 
Then place it in an oven mitt or wrap it in a towel for 15 to 20 minutes.

Step 4: Remove the wax:
After 15 to 20 minutes, remove your hand from the mitt or towel and the plastic bag. 
Use soft tissue to remove the wax residue from your skin. 
Apply moisturizer all over your hand.
When you’ve completed your treatment, cover the paraffin and store it in a safe place for your next treatment.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PARAFFIN WAX:
Appearance: White solid
Odor: Odorless
Boiling point: > 370 °C (698 °F)
Solubility in water: ~1 mg/L
Flash point: 200–240 °C (392–464 °F; 473–513 K
Physical state: solid
Color: colorless
Odor No data available

Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 52,5 - 58,4 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 341 - 665 °C at ca.1013,250 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 113 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity 
Viscosity, kinematic: 3 - 6 mm2/s at 100 °C - ASTM D 445
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available

Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
HS Code: 271220000
Classification: petroleum chemical
Purity: 48#-72# 
Odor: Odorless
Appearance: white color solid

FIRST AID MEASURES of PARAFFIN WAX:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air. 

*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.

*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.

*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.

-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PARAFFIN WAX:
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.

-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel. 
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PARAFFIN WAX:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

-Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Nature of decomposition products not known.

-Further information:
No data available

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PARAFFIN WAX:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:

*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.

*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves. 
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min

Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min

-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required

HANDLING and STORAGE of PARAFFIN WAX:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.

-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place. 
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PARAFFIN WAX:
-Reactivity:
No data available

-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.

-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

SYNONYMS:
SYNTHETIC WAX
Parafin wax
Hydrocarbon wax
Fischer-Tropsch Wax
PARAFFIN IN PASTILLE FORM 51-53 PH EUR,B
PARAFFIN IN PASTILLE FORM 56-58 PH EUR,B
65 IGI 1230
IGI 1230A
IGI 1347B