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EC / List no.: 231-633-2
CAS no.: 7664-38-2
Mol. formula: H3O4P
Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid, is a weak acid with the chemical formula H3PO4.
The pure compound is a colorless solid.
All three hydrogens are acidic to varying degrees and can be lost from the molecule as H+ ions (protons).
When all three H+ ions are removed, the result is an orthophosphate ion PO43−, commonly called "phosphate".
Removal of one or two protons gives dihydrogen phosphate ion H2PO−4, and the hydrogen phosphate ion HPO2−4, respectively.
Orthophosphoric acid also forms esters, called organophosphates.
Phosphoric acid is commonly encountered in chemical laboratories as an 85% aqueous solution, which is a colourless, odourless, and non-volatile syrupy liquid.
Although phosphoric acid does not meet the strict definition of a strong acid, the 85% solution can still severely irritate the skin and damage the eyes.
The name "orthophosphoric acid" can be used to distinguish this specific acid from other "phosphoric acids", such as pyrophosphoric acid.
Nevertheless, the term "phosphoric acid" often means this specific compound; and that is the current IUPAC nomenclature.
Manufacture
Phosphoric acid is produced industrially by two general routes.
In the wet process a phosphate-containing mineral such as calcium hydroxyapatite is treated with sulfuric acid.
Ca5(PO4)3OH + 5H2SO4 -> 3H3PO4 + 5CaSO4+H2O
Fluoroapatite is an alternative feedstock, in which case fluoride is removed as the insoluble compound Na2SiF6.
The phosphoric acid solution usually contains 23–33% P2O5 (32–46% H3PO4).
It may be concentrated to produce commercial- or merchant-grade phosphoric acid, which contains about 54–62% P2O5 (75–85% H3PO4).
Further removal of water yields superphosphoric acid with a P2O5 concentration above 70% (corresponding to nearly 100% H3PO4). Calcium sulfate (gypsum) is produced as a by-product and is removed as phosphogypsum.
To produce food-grade phosphoric acid, phosphate ore is first reduced with coke in an electric arc furnace, to make elemental phosphorus.
Silica is also added, resulting in the production of calcium silicate slag.
Elemental phosphorus is distilled out of the furnace and burned with air to produce high-purity phosphorus pentoxide, which is dissolved in water to make phosphoric acid.
The phosphoric acid from both processes may be further purified by removing compounds of arsenic and other potentially toxic impurities.
Acidic properties
All three hydrogens are acidic, with dissociation constants pKa1 = 2.14, pKa2 = 7.20, and pKa3 = 12.37.
It follows that, in water solutions, phosphoric acid is mostly dissociated into some combination of its three anions, except at very low pH
Uses
The dominant use of phosphoric acid is for fertilizers, consuming approximately 90% of production
Food-grade phosphoric acid (additive E338) is used to acidify foods and beverages such as various colas and jams, providing a tangy or sour taste.
Soft drinks containing phosphoric acid, which would include Coca-Cola, are sometimes called phosphate sodas or phosphates.
Phosphoric acid in soft drinks has the potential to cause dental erosion.
Phosphoric acid also has the potential to contribute to the formation of kidney stones, especially in those who have had kidney stones previously.
Specific applications of phosphoric acid include:
Phosphoric acid uses in anti-rust treatment by phosphate conversion coating or passivation
Phosphoric acid uses to prevent iron oxidation by means of the Parkerization process
Phosphoric acid uses as an external standard for phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance
Phosphoric acid uses in phosphoric acid fuel cells
Phosphoric acid uses in activated carbon production
Phosphoric acid uses in compound semiconductor processing, to etch Indium gallium arsenide selectively with respect to indium phosphide
Phosphoric acid uses in microfabrication to etch silicon nitride selectively with respect to silicon dioxide
Phosphoric acid uses as a pH adjuster in cosmetics and skin-care products
Phosphoric acid uses as a sanitizing agent in the dairy, food, and brewing industries
Phosphoric acid is second only to sulfuric acid as an industrial acid and consistently ranksin the top 10 chemicals used globally.States, but it is used in a number of other applications.
Phosphateswere used as builders and water softeners.
A builder is a substance added to soaps or detergentsto increase their cleansing power.
Phosphoric acid is used as an intermediate in the production of animal feed supplements,water treatment chemicals, metal surface treatments, etching agent, and personal care productssuch as toothpaste.
Phosphoric acid is used as a catalyst in the petroleum and polymer industry.
Phosphoricacid is used in food as a preservative, an acidulant, and flavor enhancer; Phosphoric acid acidifies carbonateddrinks such as Coca Cola and Pepsi, giving them a tangy flavor. Phosphoric acid is used as arust remover and metal cleaner.
Naval Jelly is approximately 25% phosphoric acid. Other usesfor phosphoric acid include opacity control in glass production, textile dyeing, rubber latexcoagulation, and dental cements.
Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is the most important oxoacid of phosphorus and its main use is in the manufacture of fertilisers.
Within the human body, phosphate is the main phosphorus-containing compound.
Phosphate is an inorganic compound and is the salt of phosphoric acid.
Phosphoric acid can form organic esters with a variety of compounds and these are important in many biochemical processes. Phosphate has the empirical formula PO43-.
Phosphoric acid is a tetrahedral molecule, where the central phosphorus atom is surrounded by four oxygen atoms.
In biological systems, phosphate is often found either as the free ion (inorganic phosphate) or as an ester after reaction with organic compounds (often referred to as organic phosphates).
Inorganic phosphate (mostly denoted as Pi) is a mixture of HPO42- and H2PO4- at physiological pH.
In the manufacture of superphosphates for fertilizers, other phosphate salts, polyphosphates, detergents.
Acid catalyst in making ethylene, purifying hydrogen peroxide.
As acidulant and flavor, synergistic antioxidant and sequestrant in food.
Pharmaceutic aid (solvent).
In dental cements; process engraving; rustproofing of metals before painting; coagulating rubber latex; as analytical reagent.
Phosphoric Acid is an acidulant that is an inorganic acid produced by burning phosphorus in an excess of air, producing phosphorus pentoxide which is dissolved in water to form orthophosphoric acid of varying concentrations.
Phosphoric acid is a strong acid which is soluble in water.
the acid salts are termed phosphates.
Phosphoric acid is used as a flavoring acid in cola and root beer beverages to provide desirable acidity and sourness.
Phosphoric acid is used as a synergistic antioxidant in vegetable shorten- ings.
in yeast manufacture, it is used to maintain the acidic ph and provide a source for phosphorus.
Phosphoric acid also functions as an acidulant in cheese.
Phosphoric acid is also termed orthophosphoric acid.
Phosphoric acid was prepared first by Robert Boyle in 1694 by dissolving phosphorus pentoxide in water.
Phosphoric acid is probably the most important compound of phosphorus.
It is the second largest inorganic chemical by volume, after sulfuric acid, marketed in the United States.
The single most important application of Phosphoric acid is manufacturing phosphate salts for fertilizers.
Such fertilizer phosphates include sodium, calcium, ammonium, and potassium phosphates.
Other applications are in metal pickling and surface treatment for removal of metal oxides from metal surfaces;
electropolishing of aluminum;
as a bonding agent in various refractory products such as alumina and magnesia;
as a catalyst in making nylon and gasoline;
as a dehydrating agent;
in fireproofing wood and fabrics;
in lithographic engraving; in textile dyeing;
in dental cement; in coagulating rubber latex;
in purifying hydrogen peroxide;
and as a laboratory reagent.
Dilute solutions of phosphoric acid are used as additives to carbonated beverages for a pleasing sour taste.
Also, dilute acid is used in refining sugar; as a nutrient;
and as a buffering agent in preparing jam, jelly, and antibiotics.
The commercial phosphoric acid is 85% (w/w) in strength.
Phosphoric acid is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, fertilisers, welding & soldering products, polishes and waxes, plant protection products and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Other release to the environment of Phosphoric acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Release to the environment of Phosphoric acid can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal) and industrial abrasion processing with high release rate (e.g. sanding operations or paint stripping by shot-blasting).
Other release to the environment of Phosphoric acid is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).
Phosphoric acid can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines).
Phosphoric acid can be found in products with material based on: metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).
Phosphoric acid is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, water treatment chemicals, metal surface treatment products, coating products, washing & cleaning products, anti-freeze products, water softeners, heat transfer fluids and polymers.
Phosphoric acid is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and health services.
Phosphoric acid is used for the manufacture of: fabricated metal products, electrical, electronic and optical equipment, plastic products, machinery and vehicles, metals and wood and wood products.
Other release to the environment of Phosphoric acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Release to the environment of Phosphoric acid can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, as processing aid, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in the production of articles and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Release to the environment of Phosphoric acid can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.
Phosphoric acid is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, coating products, polymers, laboratory chemicals, water treatment chemicals, lubricants and greases and washing & cleaning products.
Phosphoric acid is used in the following areas: building & construction work and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
Phosphoric acid is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, food products, electrical, electronic and optical equipment, machinery and vehicles, plastic products and rubber products.
Release to the environment of Phosphoric acid can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Chemical Properties
Phosphoric acid is a colorless, odorless, crystalline solid or a thick syrupy liquid. Physical state is strength and temperature dependent.
Concentrated phosphoric acid occurs as a colorless, odorless, syrupy liquid.
It has a pleasing acid taste when suitably diluted.
Pure phosphoric acid, also called orthophosphoric acid, is a clear, colorless, mineral acid with moderate strength. It is normally marketed as an aqueous solution of 75–85% in which it exists as a clear, viscous liquid.
Food-grade phosphoric acid is used to acidify foods and beverages.
It provides a tangy or sour taste and, being a mass-produced chemical, is available cheaply and in large quantities.
Phosphoric acid, used in many soft drinks, has been linked to lower bone density in epidemiological studies.
In brief, phosphoric acid is a strong acid and common industrial chemical used in the manufacture of a wide number of products, notably porcelain and metal cleaners, detergents, and fertilisers.
It is also used as a food additive and is a major constituent of many soft drinks.
Low phosphate concentrations are found in drinking water to which it is added in some areas in order to reduce lead solubility.
Physical properties
Chemists refer to orthophosphoric acid as phosphoric acid, which is the IUPAC name for this compound.
The prefix “ortho” is used to distinguish the acid from other phosphoric acids, which are generally called polyphosphoric acids.
Orthophosphoric acid is a nontoxic, rather weak triprotic acid. When pure, it is a solid at STP.
Orthophosphoric acid is a very polar molecule which makes it highly soluble in water.
The valence state of phosphorous in orthophosphoric acid and other phosphoric acids is ＋5.
Triprotic means that the orthophosphoric acid molecule can dissociate up to three times, producing a hydrogen cation, H+, each time.
History
Phosphoric acid was produced but not identified by alchemists in ancient times.
It derives its name from the element phosphorus, which was discovered in 1669 by Henning Brand (1630 1710).
Scheele subsequently isolated phosphorus from bone ash and produced phosphoric acid by reacting phosphorus and nitric acid.
Scheele's method replaced bone as the main source of phosphorus rather than urine.
John Bennett Lawes (1814 1900) patented a process in 1841 of making superphosphate from bones and later extended his process to phosphates obtained from rock.
Superphosphates are made by treating Ca3(PO4)2 with sulfuric acid to make more soluble calcium hydrogen phosphates: Ca3(PO4)2 + 2H2SO4 Ca(H2PO4)2 + 2CaSO4.
In this reaction Ca(H2PO4)2 is monobasic calcium phosphate, which is also called superphosphate.
Calcium hydrogen phosphates (superphosphates) are more water soluble and therefore more readily available to plants.
Definition
ChEBI: A phosphorus oxoacid that consits of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.
Preparation
Low-purity technical grade phosphoric acid for use in fertilizers is produced from phosphate rocks by digestion with concentrated sulfuric acid.
The apatite types, primarily consisting of calcium phosphate phosphate rocks, are used:
Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2SO4 + 6H2O → 2H3PO4 + 3(CaSO4•2H2O)
The insoluble calcium sulfate slurry is filtered out.
Acid from this wet process is impure but can be purified by various methods.
Purification steps involve precipitation, solvent extraction, crystallization, and ion exchange techniques.
Phosphoric acid also can be made by many different methods.
Dissolution of phosphorus pentoxide in water and boiling yields phosphoric acid.
Pure phosphoric acid can be obtained by burning phosphorus in a mixture of air and steam:
P4 (l) + 5O2 (g) →P4O10 (s)
P4O10 (s) + H2O (g) → 4H3PO4 (l)
The acid also may be prepared by heating violet phosphorus with 33% nitric acid:
4P + 10HNO3 + H2O → 4H3PO4 + 5NO ↑ + 5NO2 ↑
or by heating red phosphorus with nitric acid (1:1). The overall equation is:
P + 3HNO3 → H3PO4 + NO + 2NO2
Production Methods
The majority of phosphoric acid is made by digesting phosphate rock (essentially tricalcium phosphate) with sulfuric acid; the phosphoric acid is then separated by slurry filtration.
Purification is achieved via chemical precipitation, solvent extraction, crystallization, or ion exchange.
The major sources of H3PO4 traditionally have been mineral deposits of phosphate rock.
Mining operations are extensive in a number of locations, including the United States (Florida), the Mediterranean area, and Russia, among others.
The major constituent of most phosphate rocks is fluorapatite, 3Ca3(PO4)2·CaF2.
The supply of high-grade phosphates, the raw material of choice for producing high-purity phosphoric acid by the wet process, is rapidly decreasing in some areas.
Two major methods are utilized for the production of phosphoric acid from phosphate rock.
The wet process involves the reaction of phosphate rock with sulfuric acid to produce phosphoric acid and insoluble calcium sulfates.
Many of the impurities present in the phosphate rock are also solubilized and retained in the acid so produced.
While they are of no serious disadvantage when the acid is to be used for fertilizer manufacture, their presence makes the product unsuitable for the preparation of phosphatic chemicals.
In the other method, the furnace process, phosphate rock is combined with coke and silica and reduced at high temperature in an electric furnace, followed by condensation of elemental phosphorus. Phosphoric acid is produced by burning the elemental phosphorus with air and absorbing the P2O5 in water.
The acid produced by this method is of high purity and suitable for nearly all uses with little or no further treatment.
A clear colorless liquid or transparent crystalline solid.
The pure solid melts at 42.35°C and has a density of 1.834 g / cm3.
Liquid is usually an 85% aqueous solution.
Shipped as both a solid and liquid. Corrosive to metals and tissue.
Used in making fertilizers and detergents and in food processing.
Agricultural Uses
Phosphoric acid (H3PO4), also known as orthophosphoric acid, is the most significant source of phosphate fertilizers.
Phosphoric acid based fertilizers mainly include ammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and monoammonium phosphate.
Phosphoric acid is deliquescent and commercially the most important derivative of phosphorus, accounting for over 90% of the phosphate rock mined.
The white rhombic solid is highly soluble in water and ethanol, and the concentrated aqueous solution is generally available for use.
Phosphoric acid is used in several industries other than the fertilizer industry.
Most elemental phosphorus is converted into phosphoric acid for non-fertilizer use.
There are two basic processes for the production of phosphoric acid.
Phosphoric acid is obtained by heating phosphoric acid until dense white fumes begin to appear.
The product is highly deliquescent and glassy in appearance.
Its salts are known as metaphosphates. Orthophosphoric acid is the most common and is used as an important phosphate ingredient in commercial fertilizers.
Pharmaceutical Applications
Phosphoric acid is widely used as an acidifying agent in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations.
It is used in pharmaceutical products as part of a buffer system when combined with a phosphate salt such as sodium phosphate, monobasic or dibasic.
It is also widely used in food preparations as an acidulant, flavor, and synergistic antioxidant (0.001–0.005%) and sequestrant.
Therapeutically, dilute phosphoric acid has been used welldiluted in preparations used in the treatment of nausea and vomiting.
Phosphoric acid 35% gel has also been used to etch tooth enamel and to enhance delivery of drugs through the nail.
Nanosized hydroxyapatite powder was made by combining phosphoric acid with egg shells.
Industrial uses
As a cleanser for metals, phosphoric acid produces a light etch on steel, aluminum, or zinc, which aids paint adhesion.
Deoxidine is a phosphoric acid cleanser for metals.
Nielite D is phosphoric acid with a rust inhibitor, used as a nonfuming pickling acid for steel.
Albrite is available in 75, 80, and 85% concentrations in food and electronic grades, both high-purity specifications.
DAB and Phosbrite are called Bright Dip grades, for cleaning applications.
Phosphoric anhydride, or phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5, is a white, water-soluble powder used as a dehydrating agent and also as an opalizer for glass.
It is also used as a catalyst in asphalt coatings to prevent softening at elevated temperatures and brittleness at low temperatures.
Chemical Synthesis
The elemental phosphorus is burned to produce phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5), which is then hydrated.
The heat is then removed and the phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is collected as a fine mist.
Another important source of phosphoric acid is from phosphate rocks by treatment with sulfuric acid; this is the so-called wet-acid process.
The synthesis of pure phosphoric acid involves several steps including a time-consuming, expensive step, the sublimation of white phosphorus.
Storage
When stored at a low temperature, phosphoric acid may solidify, forming a mass of colorless crystals, comprising the hemihydrate, which melts at 28°C.
Phosphoric acid should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place. Stainless steel containers may be used.
Phosphoric Acid is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing inorganic acid.
Phosphoric acid is a sequestering agent which binds many divalent cations, including Fe++, Cu++, Ca++, and Mg++.
Phosphoric acid is used in dentistry and orthodontics as an etching solution, to clean and roughen the surfaces of teeth where dental appliances or fillings will be placed.
In addition, phosphoric acid is a constituent in bone and teeth, and plays a role in many metabolic processes.
Phosphoric acid appears as a clear colorless liquid or transparent crystalline solid.
The pure solid melts at 42.35°C and has a density of 1.834 g / cm3.
Liquid is usually an 85% aqueous solution.
Shipped as both a solid and liquid. Corrosive to metals and tissue.
Used in making fertilizers and detergents and in food processing.
Phosphoric acid is a phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.
It has a role as a solvent, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite and a fertilizer.
It is a conjugate acid of a dihydrogenphosphate and a phosphate ion.
Physical Description
Phosphoric acid appears as a clear colorless liquid or transparent crystalline solid.
The pure solid melts at 42.35°C and has a density of 1.834 g / cm3.
Liquid is usually an 85% aqueous solution. Shipped as both a solid and liquid.
Corrosive to metals and tissue.
Used in making fertilizers and detergents and in food processing.
Use and Manufacturing
Household & Commercial/Institutional Products
Information on 216 consumer products that contain Phosphoric acid in the following categories is provided:
• Auto Products
• Commercial / Institutional
• Hobby/Craft
• Home Maintenance
• Inside the Home
• Landscaping/Yard
• Personal Care
• Pesticides
• Pet Care
• Blasting agents, grinding materials, friction agents, general abrasives
• Agent for soaking up liquid
• General adhesives and binding agents for a variety of uses
• Adhesion of molecules to a surface
• Relating to agricultural, including the raising and farming of animals and growing of crops
• Related to animals (but non-veterinary) e.g., animal husbandry, farming of animals/animal production, raising of animals for food or fur, animal feed, products for household pets
• Related to dairy cattle, the operation of dairy facilities, or manufacture of dairy products
• Related to the farming or raising of cattle
• Products used on crops, or related to the growing of crops
• Used to prevent adhesion
• Antifreezing agents, or de-icing products
• Anti-incrustator
• Type of pesticide used to destroy or inhibit the growth of disease-causing mechanisms, can be impregnated into clothing
• Agent to prevent lime formation
• Spray powder used to make air gap between printed sheets of paper
• Antishell
• For prevention and removal of static
• Products used to care for apparel (e.g., she polish, products to repair footwear or leather, wterproofing sprays, etc.)
• Aquafarming, or the farming of aquatic organisms
• Household or automotive batteries
• Relatived to the maintenance and repair of automobiles, products for cleaning and caring for automobiles (auto shampoo, polish/wax, undercarriage treatment, brake grease)
• Related to food and beverage service activities
• Binding agents, used in paint, sand, etc
• General bleaching agents, bleaching agents for textiles
• Buffer or pH regulating agent
• Related to the building or construction process for buildings or boats (includes activities such as plumbing and electrical work, bricklaying, etc)
• Related to the building or repair of ships, pleasure boats, or sporting boats
• Bricks or related to bricklaying/masonry
• Related to heating, such as heating systems, heating fuels, fireplaces, furnaces, radiators, boilers, etc
• Plumbing, plumbing tools (home or industrial use)
• Materials used in the building process, such as flooring, insulation, caulk, tile, wood, glass, etc.
• Fillers for paints, textiles, plastics, etc
• Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
• Flooring materials (carpets, wood, vinyl flooring), or related to flooring such as wax or polish for floors
• Insulating materials to protect from noise, cold, etc (such as used in homes or buildings), insulating materials related to electricity
• Fire prevention materials, or additives/coatings to prevent flammability in paints, textiles, plastics, etc
• Wall construction materials, or wall coverings
• Wood used as a building material, wood preservatives
• Casting agents or molding compounds for plastics, sand, or metals
• Catalyst
• Modifier used for chemical, when chemical is used in a laboratory
• Related to products specifically designed for children (e.g. toys, children's cosmetics, etc)
• Chemicals in cigarettes, or tobacco related products, or related to the manufacturing of tobacco products
• Related to all forms of cleaning/washing, including cleaning products used in the home, laundry detergents, soaps, de-greasers, spot removers, etc
• Related to dishwashing products (soaps, rinsing agents, softeners, etc)
• Products or chemicals found or used in drycleaning establishments
• Products used in an enclosed setting, such as boiler and tank cleansing agents, and drain cleaners
• Related to the raising of fur animals, or fur products
• Furniture, or the manufacturing of furniture (can include chairs and tables, and more general furniture such as mattresses, patio furniture, etc.)
• Glass or glass products (e.g. glass cleaning products), or the manufacture of glass
• Consumer use home grills, for outdoor use, or grill cleaning products
• Laundry products (such as cleaning/washing agents), or laundry facilities
• Related to dishwashing products (soaps, rinsing agents, softeners, etc)
• Stoves (indoor or outdoor), stove cleaning products
• Detergents with wide variety of applications
• Toilets, cleaning/sanitizing products for toilets
• Used on windows (e.g. cleaning agents for windows)
• Term used for colorants, dyes, or pigments; includes colorants for drugs, textiles, personal care products (cosmetics, tatoo inks, hair dye), food colorants, and inks for printing
• Cooling agents
• Detergents with wide variety of applications
• Drug product, or related to the manufacturing of drugs; modified by veterinary, animal, or pet.
• Pharmaceutical related
• Related to pest control, general extermination activities
• Products used to care for apparel (e.g., she polish, products to repair footwear or leather, waterproofing sprays, etc.)
• Related to childcare facilities, such as daycare centers or schools
• Laundry products (such as cleaning/washing agents), or laundry facilities
• Related to computers or the manufacturing of computers
• Related to food production (restaurants, catering, etc)
• Related to food and beverage service activities
• Laundry products (such as cleaning/washing agents), or laundry facilities
• Related to dairy cattle, the operation of dairy facilities, or manufacture of dairy products
• Related to photography, film, photographic equipment, photographic laboraties, photochemicals, and developing of photographs
• Fertilizer for consumer or industrial use, and manufacturing of fertilizers
• Related to the activity of fishing
• Fixatives or fixing agents
• Fire prevention materials, or additives/coatings to prevent flammability in paints, textiles, plastics, etc
• Includes antifoaming agents, coagulating agents, dispersion agents, emulsifiers, flotation agents, foaming agents, viscosity adjustors, etc
• Includes spices, extracts, colorings, flavors, etc added to food for human consumption
• General flavoring agents used in foods, including condiments and seasonings
• Related to the farming of meats (including cattle, poultry, swine), and the manufacturing of meat for human consumption
• Includes food packaging, paper plates, cutlery, small appliances such as roasters, etc.; does not include facilities that manufacture food
• Related to forestry
• Fragrances or odor agents, can be used in home products (cleaners, laundry products, air fresheners) or similar industrial products
• General fuels, fuel additives, motor/automotive fuels
• Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
• Heat transferring agents
• Human metabolites
• Related to the activity of hunting
• General adhesives and binding agents for a variety of uses
• Term used for colorants, dyes, or pigments; includes colorants for drugs, textiles, personal care products
• Industrial fluids such as hydraulic fluids, lubricating agents, functional fluids, etc
• Generic lubricants, lubricants for engines, brake fluids, oils, etc (does not include personal care lubricants)
• Agricultural chemicals used on a variety of crops
• Related to heating, such as heating systems, heating fuels, fireplaces, furnaces, radiators, boilers, etc
• Components of automobiles (e.g. gaskets, cavity seals, bearings, gears), accessories such as batteries or safety accessories, etc
• Alcoholic beverage for human consumption
• Materials used in the building process, such as flooring, insulation, caulk, tile, wood, glass, etc.
• Related to cement, concrete, or asphalt materials
• Roofing materials or roofing activities
• Wood used as a building material, wood preservatives
• Chemicals in cigarettes, or tobacco related products, or related to the manufacturing of tobacco products
In the manufacture of superphosphates for fertilizers, other phosphate salts, polyphosphates, detergents.
Acid catalyst in making ethylene, purifying hydrogen peroxide.
As acidulant and flavor, synergistic antioxidant and sequestrant in food.
Pharmaceutic aid (solvent).
In dental cements; process engraving; rustproofing of metals before painting; coagulating rubber latex; as analytical reagent.
In gelatin manufacture; in lakes in cotton dyeing; soil stabilizer; waxes and polishes; binder for ceramics; activated carbon.
Industry Uses
• Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
• Bleaching agents
• Chemicals to remove tarnish and oils from metals and pacify welds
• Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
• FDA Regulated
• Finishing agents
• Food
• Food and Beverage Sanitation Chemicals
• Functional fluids (closed systems)
• Intermediates
• Laboratory chemicals
• Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
• Photosensitive chemicals
• Pigments
• Plating agents and surface treating agents
• Process regulators
• Processing aids, not otherwise listed
• Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
• Resales
• Solvents (for cleaning and degreasing)
• Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
• Surface active agents
• acid cleaner
• chemical distribution
Consumer Uses
• Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
• Automotive care products
• Batteries
• Chemical is used as a cleaner for the semi-conductor industry.
• Cleaning and furnishing care products
• Electrical and electronic products
• Food packaging
• Fuels and related products
• Laundry and dishwashing products
• Lawn and garden care products
• Metal products not covered elsewhere
• Non-TSCA use
• Paints and coatings
• Paper products
• Personal care products
• Photographic supplies, film, and photo chemicals
• Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere
• Resales
• Water treatment products
• chemical distribution
• ingredient in industrial fermentation media.
• used in products which are used as cleaners in plating processes, examples of final uses are automotive and machinery.
Methods of Manufacturing
Phosphorus is converted to phosphorus pentoxide P2O5 by exposing it to a current of warm air, then the P2O5 is treated with water to form phosphoric acid.
The conversion of the phosphorus to the pentoxide takes place while the phosphorus, distilling from the phosphorus manufacturing operation, is in the vapor phase.
Wet-process acid is manufactured by the digestion of phosphate rock (calcium phosphate) with sulfuric acid.
Other acids such as hydrochloric acid may be used, but the sulfuric acid-based processes are by far the most prevalent.
Phosphoric acid is separated from the resultant calcium sulfate slurry by filtration.
Wet phosphoric acid produced by wet digestion contains variable amounts of inorganic impurities, depending on the origin of the phosphate rock.
Depending on the further application, these impurities must be partially or completely removed from crude phosphoric acid.
Precipitation and extraction processes are used.
General Manufacturing Information
Industry Processing Sectors
• Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting
• All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
• All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
• All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
• All other petroleum and coal products manufacturing
• Computer and electronic product manufacturing
• Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing
• Fabricated metal product manufacturing
• Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
• Mining (except oil and gas) and support activities
• Miscellaneous manufacturing
• Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing.
• Oil and gas drilling, extraction, and support activities
• Paint and coating manufacturing
• Paper manufacturing
• Personal Care and Cosmetics
• Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
• Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing
• Photographic film paper, plate, and chemical manufacturing
• Primary metal manufacturing
• Services
• Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing
• Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing
• Transportation equipment manufacturing
• Utilities
• Wholesale and retail trade
• sales and services to the marine industry
Phosphoric acid, also called orthophosphoric acid, (H3PO4), the most important oxygen acid of phosphorus, used to make phosphate salts for fertilizers.
It is also used in dental cements, in the preparation of albumin derivatives, and in the sugar and textile industries.
It serves as an acidic, fruitlike flavouring in food products.
Pure phosphoric acid is a crystalline solid (melting point 42.35° C, or 108.2° F); in less concentrated form it is a colourless syrupy liquid.
The crude acid is prepared from phosphate rock, while acid of higher purity is made from white phosphorus.
Phosphoric acid forms three classes of salts corresponding to replacement of one, two, or three hydrogen atoms.
Among the important phosphate salts are: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), used for control of hydrogen ion concentration (acidity) of solutions; disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), used in water treatment as a precipitant for highly charged metal cations; trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4), used in soaps and detergents; calcium dihydrogen phosphate or calcium superphosphate (Ca[H2PO4]2), a major fertilizer ingredient; calcium monohydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4), used as a conditioning agent for salts and sugars.
Phosphoric acid molecules interact under suitable conditions, often at high temperatures, to form larger molecules (usually with loss of water).
Thus, diphosphoric, or pyrophosphoric, acid (H4P2O7) is formed from two molecules of phosphoric acid, less one molecule of water.
It is the simplest of a homologous series of long chain molecules called polyphosphoric acids, with the general formula H(HPO3)nOH, in which n = 2, 3, 4, . . . .
Phosphoric acids, (HPO3)n, in which n = 3, 4, 5, . . ., are another class of polymeric phosphoric acids.
The known Phosphoric acids are characterized by cyclic molecular structures.
The term Phosphoric acid is used also to refer to a viscous, sticky substance that is a mixture of both long chain and ring forms of (HPO3)n.
The various polymeric forms of phosphoric acid are also prepared by hydration of phosphorus oxides.
The uses of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) are described below.
Agriculture:
Most of the phosphoric acid produced is used to make fertilizers.
It is mainly converted into three phosphate salts that are used as fertilizers.
They are as follows:
Triple superphosphate (TSP)
Diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP)
Monoammonium dihydrogen phosphate (MAP)
Phosphoric acid is also used in the supplement in feed given to cattle, pigs, and poultry.
Food additives:
Dilute solutions of phosphoric acid have a pleasant acidic taste.
Hence, it is used as a food additive.
It imparts acidic properties to
Soft drinks.
Other readymade foods.
Water treatment products.
Manufacturing process:
Phosphoric acid is used in the manufacture of
Gelatin.
Soil stabilizer.
Waxes and polishes.
Binder for ceramics.
Activated carbon.
In lakes in cotton dyeing.
Medical applications:
Phosphoric acid is mainly used
In dental cement.
For preparing albumin derivatives.
For acidifying urine.
For removing necrotic (dead cells or tissue) debris.
In anti-nausea medicines.
In teeth whiteners and mouth washing liquid.
Personal care:
Phosphoric acid is essential for a wide range of personal care products, including:
Cleansing products
Bath products
Fragrances
Haircare products
Nail products
Makeup
Skincare products
Phosphoric acid is also used to control the pH of these products.
Rust removal:
Phosphoric acid is commonly used for rust removal. Phosphoric acid, when applied to the rust, reacts with the rust in metals such as steel and iron.
Next, it converts the rust into an easily removable black-colored compound.
Other uses:
Other uses of phosphoric acid include:
Automotive care products
Batteries
Cleaners for semiconductor industry
Cleaning and furnishing care products
Electrical and electronic products
Food packaging
Fuels and related products
Laundry and dishwashing products
Lawn and garden care products
Metal products not covered elsewhere
Paints and coatings
Paper products
Photographic supplies, film, and photo chemicals
Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere
Resales
Chemical distribution
Industrial fermentation media
Cleaners in plating processes for automotive and machinery
IUPAC NAMES:
ortho phosphoric acid
ortho-phosphoric acid
Orthophosphoric aci
ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACID
Orthophosphoric Acid
Orthophosphoric acid
orthophosphoric acid
Orthophosphoric Acid
Orthophosphoric acid
orthophosphoric acid
orthophosphoric acid ... %
orthophosphoric acid ...%
orthophosphoric acid 75%
orthophosphoric acid 85 %
ortophosphoric acid
phopshoric acid 85%
PHOSPHORIC ACID
Phosphoric Acid
Phosphoric acid
phosphoric acid
Phosphoric Acid
Phosphoric acid
phosphoric acid
phosphoric acid ... %
phosphoric acid ... %, orthophosphoric acid
phosphoric acid ... %, orthophosphoric acid ... %
phosphoric acid ... %, orthophosphoric acid ... %
phosphoric acid 75 %
phosphoric acid 85%
Phosphoric Acid [for General Organic Chemistry]
Phosphoric acid, o-Phosphoric acid
phosphoric acid...%, orthophosphoric acid...%
phosphoric acide
Phosphoric acod
Phosphorsäure
Phosphorsäure ... %
Reaction mass of 1-methoxypropan-2-ol and oxalic acid and sulphuric acid and (2-methoxymethylethoxy)propanol
Reaction mass of 64-19-7 and 7697-37-2
Reaction mass of ortho-phosphoric aceide, zinc oxide and aluminium oxide
Trihydrogenphosphat
trihydroxido oxidophosphorus
trihydroxidooxidophosphorus
Trihydroxidooxidophosphorus Phosphoric acid
Trihydroxidooxidophosphorus phosphoric acid
trihydroxidooxidophosphorus phosphoric acid
SYNONYMS:
phosphoricacidsolutions
Phosphorsaeureloesungen
Sonac
wc-reiniger
White phosphoric acid
whitephosphoricacid
phosphoric acid for technical
phosphoric acid，technical，highly purified
Phosphoric acid, 85 WT% solution in water, for analysis
Phosphoric acid hydrogen
Phosphoric acid,for analysis ACS,85+% solution in water
Phosphoric acid,for analysis,85 wt% solutionin water
Phosphoric acid,extra pure,85% solution in water
Phosphoric acid
Orthophosphoric Acid w/w aq. Soln., Acs
ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACID
O-PHOSPHORIC ACID
PHOSPHATE ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY STANDARD
PHOSPHORIC ACID, ORTHO
PHOSPHORIC ACID, POLY
PHOSPHORUS ICP STANDARD
PHOSPHOROUS ICP STANDARD
PHOSPHORIC(V) ACID
Phosphoric acid, standard solution
phosphoric acid for electronic grade
PHOSPHORIC ACID 85 INDUSTRIAL GRADE
PHOS ACID TECH 85
PHOSPHORIC ACID 85PCT TECH GRADE
ORTHO-PHOSPHORIC ACID 85%
PHOSPHORIC ACID ACS REAGENT
ORTHO-PHOSPHORIC ACID 85%, ACS, PACK. IN COATED GLASS BOTTLE
PHOSPHORIC ACID SOLUTION, 15% (V/V) IN METHANOL
ORTHO-PHOSPHORIC ACID 85%, FOR HPLC
ORTHO-PHOSPHORIC ACID 20% TECHNICAL 5 L
PHOSPHORIC ACID CONCENTRATE, FOR HPLC, P GE WITH 6 AMPOULES
ORTHO-PHOSPHORIC ACID PURISS P.A. FOR W
ORTHO-PHOSPHORIC ACID PURISS P.A. FOR
PHOSPHORIC ACID >=85 WT. % SOLN IN WAT&
ORTHO-PHOSPHORIC ACID 99%, CRYSTALLIZED
ORTHO-PHOSPHORSAEURE REINST
PHOSPHORIC ACID, >=85 WT. % SOLN IN WATER, A.C.S. REAGENT
PHOSPHORIC ACID, CRYSTALS, 98+%
ORTHO-PHOSPHORIC ACID 85%, SEMICONDUCTOR GRADE , VLSI PURANAL (HONEYWELL 17681)
PHOSPHATE ATOMIC SPECTR. STANDARD CONC. 1.00 G PO(4)(3-)
ORTHO-PHOSPHORIC ACID MIN. 85%, SEMICONDUCTOR GRADE, PURANAL (HONEYWELL 17861)
PHOSPHORIC ACID, 85% INSECT CELL*CULTURE TESTED
ORTHO-PHOSPHORIC ACID 85% TECHNICAL 5 L
#northo-Phosphoric acid 85 %
PHOSPHORIC ACID SOLUTION FOR HPCE &
OrthophorphoricAcidGr85%
OrthophosphoricAcid,Gpr
PhosphoricAcid85%FoodGradeAndTechnicalGrade
PhosphoricAcid(FoodGrade,85%)
PhosphoricAcidH3PO4
OrthophosphoricAcidA.R.
PhosphoricAcid75%
OrthophosphoricAcidGr85%
PhosphopricAcid85%
