SODIUM CHLORATE

Sodium chlorate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaClO3. It is a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water. It is hygroscopic. It decomposes above 300 °C to release oxygen[4] and leaves sodium chloride. Several hundred million tons are produced annually, mainly for applications in bleaching pulp to produce high brightness paper.

CAS NO:7775-09-9
EC NO:231-887-4

IUPAC NAMES:
chlorate de sodium
Natriumchlorat
SODIUM CHLORATE
Sodium Chlorate
Sodium chlorate
sodium chlorate
Sodium Chlorate
Sodium chlorate
sodium chlorate
sodium-chlorate-
sodium;chlorate

SYNONYMS:
Sodium chlorate [ISO] [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]
231-887-4 [EINECS]
7775-09-9 [RN]
Chlorate de sodium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
FO0525000
MFCD00003479
Natrium chloraat [Dutch]
Natrium chlorat [German]
Natriumchloraat [Dutch]
Natriumchlorat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Sodio (clorato di) [Italian]
Sodium (chlorate de) [French]
sodium chlorate(V)
[7775-09-9]
09.09.7775
11096-45-0 [RN]
38869-73-7 [RN]
38869-74-8 [RN]
9011-70-5 [RN]
ACS, 99.0%
Agrosan
Asex
Atlacide
B-Herbatox
C032706
Chlorate de sodium [ISO-French]
Chlorate salt of sodium
Chloric acid sodium salt
CHLORIC ACID, SODIUM SALT
Chlorsaure
Chlorsaure [German]
Defol
De-fol-ate
Dervan [Wiki]
Desolet
Drexel defol
Drop-Leaf
EINECS 231-887-4
Evau-super
Granex O
Harvest-aid
Hibar C
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:65242
KM
Kusa-tohru
Kusatol
Leafex 2
Leafex 3
NaClO3, high pressure, III
Natrium chloraat [Dutch]
Natrium chlorat [German]
Natriumchloraat [Dutch]
Natriumchlorat [German]
Ortho C-1 defoliant & weed killer
Ortho-C-1-Defoliant
Oxycil
Rasikal
Shed-A-leaf
Soda chlorate
Sodakem
Sodio (clorato di) [Italian]
Sodium (chlorate de) [French]
Sodium chlorate solution (50% or less)
Sodium chlorate, aqueous solution [UN2428] [Oxidizer]
Sodium(chlorate de) [French]
Sodium(chlorate de) [French]
Travex
Tumbleaf
Tumbleleaf
UNII:T95DR77GMR
UNII-T95DR77GMR
United Chemical Defoliant No. 1
VAL-DROP
Weed Killer

SODIUM CHLORATE

Synthesis
Industrially, sodium chlorate is produced by the electrolysis of a hot sodium chloride solution:[7]

NaCl + 3 H2O → NaClO3 + 3 H2
This reaction progresses in heat (at least 70 °C), and controlled pH. In lower temperature or with high pH another reaction progresses:[citation needed]

2 NaCl + H2O → NaClO + NaCl + H2
The sodium chlorate process is not to be confused with the Chloralkali process, which is an industrial process for the electrolytic production of sodium hydroxide and chlorine gas.

Uses
The main commercial use for sodium chlorate is for making chlorine dioxide (ClO2). The largest application of ClO2, which accounts for about 95% of the use of chlorate, is in bleaching of pulp. All perchlorate compounds are produced industrially by the oxidation of solutions of sodium chlorate by electrolysis.[7]

Herbicides
Sodium chlorate is used as a non-selective herbicide. It is considered phytotoxic to all green plant parts. It can also kill through root absorption.

Sodium chlorate may be used to control a variety of plants including morning glory, canada thistle, johnson grass, bamboo, Ragwort, and St John's wort. The herbicide is mainly used on non-crop land for spot treatment and for total vegetation control on areas including roadsides, fenceways, and ditches. Sodium chlorate is also used as a defoliant and desiccant for:

Cotton
Safflower
Corn
Flax
Peppers
Soybeans
Grain sorghum
Southern peas
Dry beans
Rice
Sunflowers
If used in combination with atrazine, it increases the persistence of the effect. If used in combination with 2,4-D, performance is improved. Sodium chlorate has a soil sterilant effect. Mixing with other herbicides in aqueous solution is possible to some extent, so long as they are not susceptible to oxidation.

The sale of sodium chlorate as a weedkiller was banned in the European Union in 2009 citing health dangers, with existing stocks to be used within the following year.[8]

Chemical oxygen generation
Chemical oxygen generators, such as those in commercial aircraft, provide emergency oxygen to passengers to protect them from drops in cabin pressure. Oxygen is generated by high-temperature decomposition of sodium chlorate:[9]

2 NaClO3 → 2 NaCl + 3 O2
Heat required to initiate this reaction is generated by oxidation of a small amount of iron powder mixed with the sodium chlorate, and the reaction consumes less oxygen than is produced. Barium peroxide (BaO2) is used to absorb the chlorine that is a minor product in the decomposition.[10] An ignitor charge is activated by pulling on the emergency mask. Similarly, the Solidox welding system used pellets of sodium chlorate mixed with combustible fibers to generate oxygen.

Oxygenless combustion
Sodium chlorate can be mixed with sucrose sugar to make a highly explosive fuel, similar to that of gunpowder, that burns in airtight spaces. This is the reaction:

8 NaClO3 + C12H22O11 → 8 NaCl + 12 CO2 + 11 H2O

However this sodium chlorate is mostly replaced by potassium chlorate.

Sodium Chlorate is the strongest known oxidizer, and it is an element known with the molecular formula NaClO3. It is denoted by 106,441g / mol. The appearance of the element sodium chlorate is a white solid or colorless. According to its smell, sodium chlorate is known to be an odorless chemical component. In addition, the chemical component does not have an explosion point. It is a compound known as sodium salt and has a very strong oxidizing property. Sodium chlorate is a chemical component that dissolves very easily in water. appears as a normal white crystal. It is a very important moisture collector. In addition, the chemical component is a chemical that was banned in all EU countries in 2009.

Sodium chlorate reaction absorbs chlorine in barium peroxide decomposition. It is also known that when mixed with atrazine, multiple effects are permanent. Sodium chlorate is a component that has the ability to obtain oxygen with its ability to decompose at very high temperatures. And it is known that it is able to obtain chlorine dioxide declared when favorable conditions are created. Finally, its production is produced in the industrial field with the oxidation of chlorate solution in perchlorate electrolysis.

Usage areas

-Its main purpose is to make chlorine dioxide gas, this gas is used in bleaching the pulp.
-It is used as a nonselective herbicide in killing weeds.
-Considered harmful to all green plants.
-It is used both as a desiccant and defoamer for corn, pepper, safflower, flax, soybeans, dried beans, rice, southern beans and sunflower.
-It is used as an oxidizer in uranium grinding.
-Used ammonium perchlorate used for rocket propulsion.
-Potassium chlorate for explosives, calcium chlorate for herbicides, and barium chlorate for fireworks are used as a desirable intermediate.
-It is widely used in paper processing pulp.
-It is also used in agriculture.
-In addition to steel and steel, gasoline is also used to extract uranium and vanadium from its ores.
-Leather tanning, bleaching and production of dyes etc. Areas such as are also included in the area of ​​use.
-It is used in the food industry as a disinfectant.
-Effective water purification is used in various domestic water purification systems.

Sodium chlorate appears as an odorless pale yellow to white crystalline solid. It is appreciably soluble in water and heavier, so may be expected to sink and dissolve at a rapid rate. Although it is not itself flammable, the solid product and even 30% solutions in water are powerful oxidizing agents. Contact with wood, organic matter, ammonium salts, sulfur, sulfuric acid, various metals, and other chemicals may result in fires or explosions, particularly if any solid materials are finely divided. Excessive heat, as in fires, may cause evolution of oxygen gas that may increase the intensity of fires and may also result in explosions. Mixtures with combustible materials are very flammable and may be ignited by friction. It is used for making herbicides, explosives, dyes, matches, inks, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, defoliants, paper, and leather.

Sodium chlorate is an inorganic sodium salt that has chlorate as the counter-ion. An oxidising agent, it is used for bleaching paper and as a herbicide. It is also used in the manufacture of dyes, explosives and matches. It has a role as a herbicide. It is an inorganic sodium salt and a chlorate salt.

Sodium chlorate in a water solution is a clear colorless liquid. It is noncombustible but it can accelerate the burning of surrounding combustible materials. This can easily occur if the material should dry out. Contact with strong sulfuric acid may cause fires or explosions.

At one time, the chlorate salts, sodium chlorate and potassium chlorate, were used as medicinal agents to treat inflammatory and ulcerative lesions of the oral cavity and could be found in various mouthwash, toothpaste, and gargle preparations.

For Sodium chlorate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 073301) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses.

The primary non-pesticidal use for sodium chlorate is as a precursor in chlorine dioxide generation through a closed system to bleach wood pulp/paper. The pesticidal uses of sodium chlorate, including the agricultural uses as a defoliant/desiccant, are a small percentage (approximately 2%) of the total sodium chlorate used in the United States. data, approximately 2.8 million pounds of sodium chlorate are applied annually to agricultural, residential, and commercial use sites.

Oxidizer in mfr dyes; explosives & matches; dyeing & printing fabrics; tanning and finishing leather; pharmaceutic aid (oxidizing agent).

Semi-permanent soil sterilant herbicide, harvest aid.

Oxidizing agent & bleach (especially to make chlorine dioxide) for paper pulps; ore processing; to make perchlorates.

Sodium chlorate's main use is to make chlorine dioxide, a key bleaching agent for wood pulp, the raw material for high quality white paper products. Other applications are found in agriculture as a defoliant and herbicide, mining (uranium and vanadium), as an intermediate in chemical production (perchlorates) and chemical synthesis (rocket propellants and dyes).

Oxidizing agent and bleach (especially to make chlorine dioxide) for paper pulps; ore processing; herbicide and defoliant; substitute for potassium chlorate, being more soluble in water; matches, explosives, flares, and pyrotechnics; recovery of bromine from natural brines; leather tanning and finishing; textile mordant; to make perchlorates.

Industry Uses    
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Bleaching agents
Fuels and fuel additives
İntermediates
Oxidizing/reducing agents
Plating agents and surface treating agents
Process regulators
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Water treatment

Consumer Uses    
Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
Non-TSCA use
Paper products

Production of sodium chlorate is by electrolysis of an acidified sodium chloride solution. Purified brine is acidified with hydrochloric acid and sodium dichromate is added to improve cell efficiency and reduce electrode corrosion. The acidified brine is fed to a bank of electrolytic cells. Chlorate ions form at the anode while hydrogen gas leaves the cell at the cathode. Cell liquor, the solution exiting the electrolytic cells, contains a fairly high concentration of chlorate ions and by-products. Subsequent processing removes the sodium chlorate crystals from solution. The remaining liquor containing chlorate, chloride ions and sodium dichromate returns to cells for further reaction. The sodium chlorate crystals are washed and dried.

Industry Processing Sectors
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting
All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
Computer and electronic product manufacturing
Fabricated metal product manufacturing
Mining (except oil and gas) and support activities
Oil and gas drilling, extraction, and support activities
Organic fiber manufacturing
Paper manufacturing
Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
Transportation equipment manufacturing
Utilities
Water treatment + repackaging
Wholesale and retail trade

Agriculturally, it is primarily used on cotton; however, it is also applied to a wide variety of other crops including, but not limited to, rice, corn, soybeans, dry beans, potatoes, sunflowers, flax, safflower, chili peppers (for processing only), grain sorghum, and wheat. Socium chlorate is used on nonagricultural (residential and industrial) areas such as rights-of-ways, building perimeters, ditch banks, bleachers, airport runways, vacant lots, fire hydrants, or as a pre-paving treatment. It is also used by a small percentage of water treatment facilities for the generation of chlorine dioxide.

Sodium chlorate as a defoliant/desiccant in agricultural settings is applied using aerial and groundboom equipment. As an herbicide in nonagricultural settings, it is applied using handheld equipment such as a low-pressure handwands or sprinkling cans; it is also applied via groundboom or handgun sprayer application methods for larger commercial scenarios. Granular formulations can be applied using belly grinders, push-type spreaders, tractor-drawn spreaders, or by hand. Application Rates: In agriculture, rates range from 6 pounds active ingredient per acre (6 lb ai/A) to 12.5 lbs ai/A. Industrial and other noncrop site rates range from 132 to 1032 lbs ai/A, based on current labels. Sodium chlorate can be applied multiple times per year. Application Timing: Sodium chlorate is applied post-emergence.

Sodium chlorate was first registered in February 23, 1966 by Value Gardens Supply, LLC, for use on both annual and perennial grasses and weeds for the following non-agricultural use sites: garage areas, tennis courts, curbs, driveways, walks, and patios. On October 30, 1968, Helena Chemical Company registered it for use as a desiccant on agricultural sites (sorghum and cotton). Currently, there are 56 active product registrations containing sodium chlorate as an active ingredient, including 11 technical (manufacturing use) registrations, and 45 end-use products ranging from 2.3% to 99.7% active ingredient. Sodium chlorate is currently manufactured by seven companies. The compound may be used in combination with other herbicides, such as atrazine, 2,4-D, bromacil, diuron, and sodium metaborate.

It is the preferred intermediate for sodium perchlorate and sodium chlorite manufacture; other common industrial applications are for the surface treatment of metals and cupric chloride etch regeneration.

In the mining industry, sodium chlorate is used during the extraction process for a variety of metals. It is also a key ingredient in fireworks and used in the production of oxygen candles, utilized on aircraft and submarines, and by manufacturers of breathing apparatus for firefighters and mine rescue crews.

Sodium chlorate is also used as an intermediate in the generation of ferric chloride which is used as a flocculant in many industrial water treatment applications.

Sodium chlorate is a white crystalline inorganic compound produced from salt (sodium chloride) and water in a reaction with electricity. Although not combustible, it decomposes to release oxygen, enhancing the combustion of other substances, and toxic fumes (chlorine). The largest use for sodium chlorate is for the generation of chlorine dioxide, which is used for bleaching chemical pulp. In 2018, this application represented almost 90% of total global consumption. Without China, the share of pulp bleaching in the total consumption of sodium chlorate is even higher at about 96%. China changes the global picture because of its large consumption for the production of fireworks, both through direct use or as potassium perchlorate. Other minor uses include production of potassium chlorate, sodium perchlorate, and sodium chlorite; weed control; and several other smaller applications.

An odorless pale yellow to white crystalline solid. It is appreciably soluble in water and heavier, so may be expected to sink and dissolve at a rapid rate. Although it is not itself flammable, the solid product and even 30% solutions in water are powerful oxidizing agents. Contact with wood, organic matter, ammonium salts, sulfur, sulfuric acid, various metals, and other chemicals may result in fires or explosions, particularly if any solid materials are finely divided. Excessive heat, as in fires, may cause evolution of oxygen gas that may increase the intensity of fires and may also result in explosions. Mixtures with combustible materials are very flammable and may be ignited by friction. It is used for making herbicides, explosives, dyes, matches, inks, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, defoliants, paper, and leather.

Sodium chlorate is an industrial salt produced from water and common table salt in a reaction with electricity.

Manufacturing:
Sodium chlorate is produced from two commonly found raw materials: salt (NaCl, sodium chloride) and water (H2O) along with the use of large amounts of electrical energy. The manufacturing process involves the electrolysis of an acidified sodium chloride solution in a specially designed electrochemical cell.

First, raw brine is treated to remove impurities such as calcium and magnesium. Next, hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to control the pH and improve efficiency. Sodium dichromate is used as a catalyst, to inhibit electrochemical side reactions and as a pH buffer.

NaCl+3H2O+Electricity>    NaClO3+3H2
Salt+Water+Power>Sodium+    Hydrogen ChlorateGas

Chlorine gas (Cl2) forms at the anode while hydrogen gas (H2) forms at the cathode. Chlorine is then hydrolyzed in the cell to a hypochlorite species which then react to form sodium chlorate.

The solution that leaves the electrochemical cell is called cell liquor. This solution contains a high concentration of chlorate ions and other intermediate reaction products. The solution is treated to remove byproducts such as hypochlorite. Sodium chlorate crystals are then removed and the remaining liquor containing salt, chloride ions and dichromate are returned to the electrochemical cells. The crystals are washed and dried to form the final product. For some customers, the crystals are dissolved in water and shipped as a liquid solution.

Uses:
Sodium chlorate is largely used by the pulp & paper industry to produce chlorine dioxide, which is used to bleach wood pulp for the manufacture of higher quality and environmentally friendly white paper products. Pulp mills convert sodium chlorate into chlorine dioxide – an environmentally friendly bleaching agent. The process of using chlorine dioxide to bleach pulp is referred to as “ECF” bleaching meaning “elemental chlorine free”.

An inorganic sodium salt that has chlorate as the counter-ion. An oxidising agent, it is used for bleaching paper and as a herbicide. It is also used in the manufacture of dyes, explosives and matches.

Sodium chlorate belongs to the class of inorganic herbicides (containing no carbon), and was developed before the modern era of organic herbicides such as 2-4-D, which began in the mid 1940s. Others in this category include aresenicals, borates, cyannates, and ammoniuim sulfamate and are still in use today (Klingman, Meister).

Properties:
Sodium chlorate is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that looks like common table salt (sodium chloride) and is water soluble. It is a strong oxidant, not combustible but reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials. There is a risk of fire and explosion in dry mixtures with other substances, especially organic materials, i.e., other herbicides,
sulphur, peat, powdered metals, strong acids, etc.

How Made:
Sodium chlorate is rapidly produced in solution form by the electrolysis of sodium chloride brine in a diaphragm-less chlor-alkali cell (Kent, Kirk-Othmer). The overall reaction is :
NaCl + 3 H2O + 6F (faradays) NaClO3 + 3H2
This process is currently efficient at the rate of over 90% and involves power consumption of 4500- 5800 kWh /metic ton of sodium chlorate produced. In 1990, total North American sodium chlorate capacity was 1.1 million tons/year, with most production in Canada because of lower energy costs. Ninety-four percent is used for manufacture of on-site
chlorine dioxide for wood pulp blelaching; other uses are for herbicides, water treatment, mining, and as precursors for other chlorite and chlorate chemicals.

Specific Uses:
Sodium chlorate is a non-selective contact herbicide, considered phytotoxic to all green plant parts. It is used as spot treatment for serious perennial weeds, such as morning glory, Canada thistle, and Johnson grass and for vegetation control on roadsides. It is also used as a defoliant and desiccant for cotton, safflower, corn, flax, soybeans, and other crops. It is also known to have a soil sterilant effect (Extoxnet, Klingman et. al., Meister). It kills all plant growth except moss and persists for three to six months (Meister).Defoliants are used in cotton as a harvest aid to remove green leaves, which can remain on the plants late in the season due to the indeterminate nature of the cotton plant. In some cotton growing regions, growers rely on frost to defoliate the plants, but in other regions, such as Arizona and parts of California’s San Joaquin valley, frost is usually too late to be effective. California has a mandated plow-down date for purposes of insect management, and this may occur before frost in late December. When leaves remain on the cotton plant, it interferes with mechanical harvest, causes staining of white cotton resulting in a lower quality grade, and accumulation of trash in the harvested product. Too much trash in the cotton modules (large compressed bales, often stored under tarps in the field until ginning) can lead to spontaneous combustion. Harvest management is usually a concern, also, as defoliation will allow earlier picking in an early season, and enable farmers to get the crop off the field before adverse weather sets in. Variety selection is a factor as well, as some of the white cotton varieties grown in the west are not considered “storm proof” and need to be harvested before any fall rains. Different types of harvest machines are suited to different varieties: “stripper cotton” is a type that must be totally dry as the machine strips the stem clean and separates the trash, whereas a picker with a rolling drum type of action pulls the fiber out of the boll and and can handle more green leaves on the plant. The stripper varieties are stiffer, with bolls held more tightly and can withstand windy conditions better.

Chemical Formula: NaClO₃
Hazard Statements:
H271, H302, H411
Precautionary Statements:
P210, P220, P280, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P501
Signal Word:
EUH Statements:
Flash Point: UFI: J7T2-30WR-Q004-GR31
Specification:
Molecular Weight: 106.44

AREAS OF USAGE OF SODIUM CHLORITE

- In our day, sodium chlorite, which is odorless and concordantly includes low toxicity, is used in cleaning drinking water, food industry, an effective disinfection in hospital hygiene, and also textile and detergent industry as it has a bleaching specification without harming textile products across the globe. It is used:
- As bleaching in textile fiber, slush and paper industry,
- As a disinfection and purifying chemical in water treatment,
- As a protective agent prevents to consist algae in water,
- In whitening saccharin, starch, ointment and waxes,
- In sterilization of sewerage system waste water and removal of the odor,
- Therapeutic in medicine,
- Biologic disposal refusal,
- Process of food,
- Removal of phenol from industrial waste water,
- In controlling microbial pollution in industrial refrigerating systems and towers,
- Instead of chlor in industrial ammonia facilities,
- In flushing fruit and vegetation by the food processing companies as it is an anti-fungal chemical,
- As an anti-mould in detergent compounds,
- In tooth paste and lens solutions.

Sodium chlorate is used to prepare chlorine dioxide in the pulp and paper industry. It is utilized for bleaching the wood pulp in order to make environmentally friendly and quality white paper products. It is also used to produce other perchlorate compounds in the industry.

Appearance: colorless powder
Chemical Name: Sodium chlorate
CAS Number: 7775-09-9 (1)
Molecular Weight: 106.4
Water Solubility: In water at 0 degrees C, 79 g/100 ml; at 100 degrees C, 230 g/100 ml (1, 242, 205)
Solubility in Other Solvents: In 90% alcohol, 1.6 g/100 g (1); soluble in ethanol and glycerol (242)
Melting Point: 248 degrees C (1, 242, 205); 478-502 degrees F (348)
Vapor Pressure: Zero (1)
Partition Coefficient: Not Available
Adsorption Coefficient: Not Available

Sodium Chlorate is most commonly utilized by pulp mills to produce chlorine dioxide, an environmentally preferred bleaching agent used in the pulp and paper industry. Our Sodium Chlorate is available both in solution and in dry-crystal form, and is shipped to customers via rail car, bulk truck, bags or pipeline.

Sodium chlorate has a high oxidizing potential and functions as a powerful oxidizing agent. An example of this type of reaction would be the production of chlorine dioxide. In 2012, more than 90% of all sodium chlorate produced worldwide was consumed by the pulp industry where it is used for generation of chlorine dioxide. Chlorine dioxide is a key bleaching agent and is used in the production of Elemental Chlorine-Free (ECF) bleached wood pulp all over the world.
Presented in the table below are examples of today's technologies for producing a chlorine-free chlorine dioxide solution for ECF bleaching.
The major use of sodium chlorate remains in the pulp and paper industry; it is also the preferred intermediate for sodium perchlorate and sodium chlorite manufacture.

Some common industrial applications for sodium chlorate include the surface treatment of
metals and cupric chloride etch regeneration in the electronics and automotive industries.
Additional uses of sodium chlorate are as an oxidant in chemical synthesis; in the mining industry for the extraction of uranium and vanadium; in the production of oxygen candles utilized on aircraft and submarines; and by manufacturers of breathing apparatus for firefighters and mine rescue crews.

Sodium chlorate is a white to off-white crystalline material. Crystals are similar in appearance to table salt. Sodium chlorate is odorless and very soluble in water.
In its crystal form, sodium chlorate is stable at temperatures up to 250°C. Above this temperature chlorate decomposes slowly and steadily forming salt (sodium chloride) and oxygen. Sodium chlorate in its pure form is not flammable but due to the fact it releases oxygen during decomposition it will act as an extreme combustion accelerant in the presence of flammable materials. In liquid form, extra caution should be taken.
Sodium chlorate solution is a clear odorless liquid and becomes virtually invisible (salt-like
residue is often apparent) when it dries on any organic material like cloth, leather, paper or wood. All that is then required is a spark, minor friction or heat to ignite. Sodium chlorate itself does not burn but as previously stated acts as an extreme combustion accelerant by emitting oxygen. Consequently, fires involving sodium chlorate spread very rapidly and explosively and cannot be extinguished by smothering. Other substances which cause fire in mixtures containing sodium chlorate are phosphorus, sulfur, sulfides, metallic powder and ammonium salts.

What’s sodium chlorite?

Sodium chlorite — also referred to as chlorous acid, sodium salt textone, and Miracle Mineral Solution — is composed of sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), and oxygen (O2).

Many claims have been made for its use as a health supplement. However, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)Trusted Source warns that it’s a dangerous, potentially life threatening chemical that should never be swallowed.

It isn’t the same as sodium chloride
Don’t confuse sodium chlorite with sodium chloride.

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is also called table salt. Sodium chloride is used for many things, but it’s typically thought of as a seasoning and food preservative. Sodium chlorite (NaClO2) is typically found in an industrial setting as a bleach and a disinfectant.

How’s sodium chlorite used?
Sodium chlorite is marketed to both consumers and industries for various uses.

Some consumer uses of sodium chlorite include:

water treatment and purification
surface cleaner for areas of food preparation
antimicrobial treatment for food, especially seafood
Larger concentrations of sodium chlorite are commonly used for industrial purposes, such as:

bleaching and stripping of textiles, pulp, and paper
sterilizing agent used in water treatment plants

Are there any health benefits to sodium chlorite?
Sodium chloride has been promoted as a health supplement and a treatment for various illnesses, such as:

common cold
arthritis
HIV
malaria
cancer
hepatitis
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

While there are anecdotal reports from people who claim to have experienced medical relief by ingesting sodium chlorite solutions, there’s no reliable scientific evidence showing a benefit.

A white crystalline solid, NaClO3; cubic; r.d. 2.49; m.p. 250°C. It decomposes above its melting point to give oxygen and sodium chloride. The compound is soluble in water and in ethanol and is prepared by the reaction of chlorine on hot concentrated sodium hydroxide. Sodium chlorate is a powerful oxidizing agent and is used in the manufacture of matches and soft explosives, in calico printing, and as a garden weedkiller.

Sodium chloride is used in the following products: paper chemicals and dyes.
Sodium chloride is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Sodium chloride is used for the manufacture of: pulp, paper and paper products and wood and wood products.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

Sodium Chlorate is the Chlorate that is mass produced by industry in
tonnage quantities. Its main use is in the making of ClO2 (Chlorine Dioxide gas) for bleaching in the paper industry and others. Industrial setup's use a continuous method of making Chlorate as opposed to a batch process. The amateur will always use a batch
process. The starting material is NaCl (Sodium Chloride or common salt). Sodium Chlorate
is very soluble. About 330 grams NaCl per liter of water is the starting solution. A
saturated solution is OK, which can be made by heating the water and adding
excess salt. When no more salt is dissolving, cool, and you will then have a
saturated solution. Getting the NaCl to dissolve can be difficult but heating helps,
not because the solubility of NaCl increased much with increase in temperature,
but rather the heating stirs the solution.

Production of sodium chlorate is by the electrolysis of acidified sodium chloride (brine). Purified brine is acidified with hydro­chloric acid and sodium dichromate is added to improve cell efficiency and reduce electrode corrosion. The acidified brine is fed to a bank of electrolytic cells. Chlorate ions form at the anode, while hydrogen gas leaves the cell at the cathode.

Cell liquor, the solution exiting the electrolytic cells, contains a fairly high concentration of chlorate ions and by-products. Subsequent processing removes the sodium chlorate crystals from the solution. The remaining liquor containing chlorate, chloride ions and sodium dichromate returns to the cells for further reaction. The sodium chlorate crystals are washed and dried.

Sodium chlorate (NaClO3) is an oxidizing agent. It is mostly used to produce chlorine dioxide for bleaching paper pulp, but is also used as a herbicide and to prepare other chlorates. Production in the United States is about 441,000 tons per year.

When pure, it is a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water. It is hygroscopic. It decomposes above 250 °C to release oxygen and leave sodium chloride. It is synthesised from the electrolysis of hot sodium chloride solution in a mixed electrode tank. It can also be synthesised by passing chlorine gas to a hot sodium hydroxide solution. It is then purified by crystallization.

Sodium chlorate is used as a non-selective herbicide. It is considered phytotoxic to all green plant parts. It can also kill through root absorption. Sodium chlorate may be used to control morning glory, Canada thistle, johnson grass, bamboo, ragwort and St John's wort. The herbicide is mainly used on non-crop land for spot treatment and for total vegetation control on roadsides, fenceways, ditches and suchlike. Sodium chlorate is also used as a defoliant and desiccant for cotton, safflower, corn, flax, peppers, soybeans, grain sorghum, southern peas, dry beans, rice and sunflowers. If used in combination with atrazine, it increases the persistence of the effect. If used in combination with 2,4-D, it improves performance of the material. Sodium chlorate has a soil-sterilant effect. Mixing with other herbicides in aqueous solution is possible to some extent, so long as they are not susceptible to oxidation.

Sodium chlorate is used in some aircraft as a source of supplemental oxygen. Iron powder is mixed with sodium chlorate and ignited by a charge activated by pulling on the emergency mask. The reaction produces more oxygen than is required for combustion.

Sodium chlorate comes in dust, spray and granule formulations. There is a risk of fire and explosion in dry mixtures with other substances, especially organic materials, that is other herbicides, sulfur, phosphorus, powdered metals, strong acids. Particularly when mixed with sugar it has explosive properties.[1] The ease of availability of these two ingredients make it a common choice for home made bombs. Marketed formulations contain a fire depressant, but this has little effect if deliberately ignited. Most commercially available chlorate weedkillers contain approximately 53% sodium chlorate with the balance being a fire depressant such as sodium metaborate or ammonium phosphates.

Sodium chlorate, NaCI03, is colorless,odorless crystals with a cooling, saline taste, is soluble in water and alcohol,but must not be triturated with any combustible substance. Derived by heating and electrolyzing a concentrated acid solution of sodium chloride so that the chlorate is crystallized out. Used as an oxidizing agent and bleach (especially to make chlorine dioxide)for paper pulps, ore processing, herbicide and defoliant, substitute for potassium chlorate (sodium chlorate is more soluble in water),matches,explosives, flares,and pyrotechnics, in the recovery of bromine from natural brines,leather tanning and finishing, textile mordant,and to make perchlorates.

It is an oxidimetric reagent.
A sulfation biosynthesis inhibitor.
An oxidizer, like potassium chlorate, in manufacture of dyes; explosives and matches; dyeing and printing fabrics; tanning and finishing leather. Herbicide. Pharmaceutical aid (oxidizing agent).

ChEBI: An inorganic sodium salt that has chlorate as the counter-ion. An oxidising agent, it is used for bleaching paper and as a herbicide. It is also used in the manufacture of dyes, explosives and matches.

Sodium chlorate in a water solution is a clear colorless liquid. SODIUM CHLORATE, AQUEOUS SOLUTION(7775-09-9) is noncombustible but SODIUM CHLORATE, AQUEOUS SOLUTION(7775-09-9) can accelerate the burning of surrounding combustible materials. This can easily occur if the material should dry out. Contact with strong sulfuric acid may cause fires or explosions.