TONGKAT ALI (EURYCOMA LONGIFOLIA) EXTRACT

Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract, scientifically known as Eurycoma longifolia, is a medicinal plant native to Southeast Asia, particularly found in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. 
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract is commonly referred to as “Malaysian ginseng” or “longjack.” 
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract is derived from the roots of the plant and has been traditionally used for its various health benefits, particularly in herbal medicine.

CAS Number: 84633-29-4
Molecular Formula: C20H24O9
Molecular Weight: 408.4

Synonyms: Eurycomanone, 84633-29-4, Pasakbumin-A, X7F43HL2HB, pasakbumin A, (1R,4R,5R,7R,8R,11R,13S,17S,18S,19R)-4,5,7,8,17-pentahydroxy-14,18-dimethyl-6-methylidene-3,10-dioxapentacyclo[9.8.0.01,7.04,19.013,18]nonadec-14-ene-9,16-dione, 4,5,7,8,17-Pentahydroxy-14,18-dimethyl-6-methylidene-3,10-dioxapentacyclo[9.8.0.01,7.04,19.013,18]nonadec-14-ene-9,16-dione, NSC-339187, UNII-X7F43HL2HB, DTXSID101004921, GLXC-14855, HY-N5012, AKOS030530160, Eurycomanone (Synonyms: Pasakbumin A), NSC 339187, AC-34394, AS-78621, DA-53072, CS-0032073, (1.BETA.,11.BETA.,12.ALPHA.,15.BETA.)-11,20-EPOXY-1,11,12,14,15-PENTAHYDROXYPICRASA-3,13(21)-DIENE-2,16-DIONE, (1R,4R,5R,7R,8R,11R,13S,17S,18S,19R)-4,5,7,8,17-pentahydroxy-14,18-dimethyl-6-methylidene-3,10-dioxapentacyclo[9.8.0.0(1),?.0?,(1)?.0(1)(3),(1)?]nonadec-14-ene-9,16-dione, PICRASA-3,13(21)-DIENE-2,16-DIONE, 11,20-EPOXY-1,11,12,14,15-PENTAHYDROXY-, (1.BETA.,11.BETA.,12.ALPHA.,15.BETA.)-, Picrasa-3,13(21)-diene-2,16-dione, 11,2O-epoxy-1,11,12,14,15-pentahydroxy-, (1-beta,11-beta,12-alpha,15-beta)-, dihydrate, EURYCOMANONE,11,2o-epoxy-1,11,12,14,15-pentahydroxy-13(21)-diene-(1-picrasa-16-dione,11-beta,12-alpha,15-beta)-betdihydrate,pasakbumin-a,11β,20-Epoxy-1β,11,12α,14,15β-pentahydroxypicrasa-3,13(21)-diene-2,16-dione,NSC 339187,(1beta,8xi,11beta,12alpha,15beta)-1,11,12,14,15-pentahydroxy-11,20-epoxypicrasa-3,13(21)-diene-2,16-dione,Eurycoma longifolia

Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract a quassinoid isolated from Eurycoma longifolia and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic and antimalarial activties.
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract is an herbal remedy that has been a part of traditional Southeast Asian medicine for centuries.
It’s often used to treat a variety of ailments, including fevers, erectile dysfunction, and bacterial infections.

Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract is a tall evergreen shrub-tree commonly found in Southeast Asia. 
It's a protected species with a history of use as an aphrodisiac.
The root of Eurycoma longifolia contains several chemicals that have different effects in the body. 

Some of the chemicals seem to affect how the body produces the hormone testosterone and might increase testosterone levels in the body.
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract is used for erectile dysfunction (ED), male infertility, increasing sexual desire in healthy people, and boosting athletic performance, but there's no good scientific evidence to support most of these uses.
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract is a flowering plant in the family Simaroubaceae. 

It is native to Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam) and Indonesia (the islands of Borneo and Sumatra), but has also been found in the Philippines.
The plant is a medium-sized slender shrub that can reach 10 m (33 ft) in height, and is often unbranched. 
The root of the plant has been used in folk medicine of the South East Asian region, and in modern times has common use as supplements, as well as food and drink additives.

Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract a quassinoid compound believed to be responsible for many of its health benefits.
Other active compounds that contribute to the extract's effects.
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extracts may also play a role in its pharmacological properties.

Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract is popularly known for its potential to enhance testosterone levels, which may improve libido, sexual performance, and fertility in men.
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract has been studied for its effects on sperm production and quality, potentially benefiting men experiencing fertility issues.
Traditionally used as an aphrodisiac, it may help improve sexual desire and performance.

Athletes often use Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract to enhance athletic performance, muscle mass, and strength, possibly due to its testosterone-boosting properties.
Some research suggests Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract may help reduce stress and improve mood by regulating cortisol levels.
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract exhibits antioxidant properties, which can help protect the body from oxidative stress.

Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extractmay assist in weight loss and fat reduction, particularly when combined with exercise, due to its influence on metabolism and muscle mass.
Many users report increased energy levels and improved endurance when taking Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract.
Preliminary studies suggest Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract may support cognitive function and memory, though more research is needed.

Melting point: 273-285℃ (methanol ethyl ether )
Boiling point: 669.5±55.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.63±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
storage temp.: -20°C Freezer
solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly, Heated, Sonicated)
form: Solid
pka: 11.29±0.70(Predicted)
color: Off-White to Pale Beige

Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract is also known by the common names penawar pahit, penawar bias, bedara merah, bedara putih, lempedu pahit, payong ali, tongkat baginda, muntah bumi, petala bumi, bidara laut (all Malay-Indonesian); babi kurus (Javanese); cây bá bệnh (Vietnamese); tho nan (Laotian); lan-don, hae phan chan, phiak, plaa lai phuenk, tung saw (all Thai); "long jack" (US); langir siam (Bahrain). 
Many of the common names refer to the plant's medicinal use and extreme bitterness. 

Penawar pahit translates simply as "bitter charm" or "bitter medicine". 
Older literature, such as a 1953 article in the Journal of Ecology, may cite only penawar pahit as the plant's common Malay name.
As mentioned above, E. longifolia is known by common names "tongkat ali" and "pasak bumi" in the South East Asian region, but these names are also used for the physiologically similar species Polyalthia bullata. 

The bark and root of E. longifolia is more white/yellow-ish compared to the darker-colored P. bullata, which has led to the former being known as "tongkat ali/pasak bumi putih" or "tongkat ali/pasak bumi kuning", and the latter as "tongkat ali/pasak bumi hitam". 
Indonesia also has a red-coloured variety known as "tongkat ali/pasak bumi merah" ("merah" meaning "red"), which is being studied by researchers and has not had its species classified.

Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract is also known by the species name Eurycoma longifolia Jack, as this was the name used by botanist William Jack in his taxonomical description published in 1822.
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract is informally known as "Malaysian ginseng" (though not a ginseng but considered to have some similar effects).
A medium size slender shrub reaching 10 m (33 ft), often unbranched with reddish brown petioles. 

Leaves compound, even pinnate reaching 1 m (39 in) meter in length. 
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract leaf consists of 30 to 40 leaflets, lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate. 
Inflorecense axillary, in large brownish red panicle, very pubescent with very fine, soft, granular trichomes. 

Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract grows in the understorey of lowland forests, and survives on a variety of soils but prefers acidic, well-drained soil.
There have been a number of cases of products falsely claiming to contain E. longifolia as an ingredient, as well as E. longifolia product contamination cases. 
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract banned seven dietary supplement products that claimed to include E. longifolia as a principal ingredient, but which additionally contained prescription drugs and even analogues of prescription drugs that have not yet been tested for safety in humans, such as acetildenafil.

In 2017, the FDA announced that two different brands of E. longifolia-containing coffee were recalled after being found to be adulterated with active ingredients from erectile dysfunction drugs.
In Malaysia, there are over 200 registered E. longifolia products. 
However, a 2004 study determined, following quality testing, that 36% of these were contaminated with mercury beyond legally permitted limits.

Uses:
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract is known as a cytotoxic compound found in Eurycoma Longifolia Jack. 
Previous studies had noted its cytotoxic effects against various cancer cell lines. 
More recent research demonstrated the ability of Eurycomanone to suppress the expression of lung cancer cell tumor markers, prohibitin, annexin 1 and endoplasmic reticulum protein 28. 

Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract was shown to also exerts the ability to induce apoptosis through the up-regulation of p53 in human cervical carcinoma cells.
Many purported health benefits have been attributed to Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract. 
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract is used in the traditional medicine of Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. 

In Indonesia and Malaysia, Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract is boiled in water, and the water is consumed as a health tonic for post-partum recovery, as an aphrodisiac, as well as the relief of fever, intestinal worms, dysentery, diarrhea, indigestion, and jaundice.
In Vietnam, the flower and fruits are used to treat dysentery, and the root is used for malaria and fever.
In Malaysia, a paste of the plant is applied topically to relieve headaches and stomach-aches.

There is a traditional belief that E. longifolia is an aphrodisiac.
Other health benefits attributed to this plant include antimalarial, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antipyretic, anti-dengue and immunomodulation activities.
In Indonesia and Malaysia, E. longifolia has been widely commercialized. 

Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extracts root, which is highly bitter, has been used as the basis for supplements, as well as food and drink additives. 
In the US, the extract has self-affirmed generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status, as an ingredient.
As a supplement, it has been marketed for the supposed benefits of sexual health improvement, as an energy and stamina booster, for improving blood circulation, to reduce stress, and fat reduction.

In the drinks market, Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract is a common ingredient for coffee and beverages marketed as energy drinks.
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract is commonly used to increase testosterone levels, which can enhance libido, sexual desire, and overall sexual health in men.
Research suggests that Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract may improve sperm quality and count, potentially benefiting men facing fertility challenges.

Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract is traditionally used as an aphrodisiac to improve sexual performance and satisfaction.
Athletes often take Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract to improve endurance, strength, and muscle mass, attributed to its testosterone-boosting properties.
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract may help lower cortisol levels, reducing stress and promoting a sense of well-being.

Users often report increased energy levels and reduced fatigue, which can enhance daily activities and workouts.
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract may assist in weight management and fat loss, particularly when combined with exercise and a healthy diet.
Some preliminary studies suggest that Tongkat Ali may support cognitive function and memory, though more research is needed.

Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract contains antioxidant compounds that can help protect cells from oxidative damage.
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract may help enhance mood and overall well-being, contributing to a better quality of life.

Safety Profile:
Some users report difficulty sleeping, particularly when taken in higher doses or later in the day.
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract may cause a rapid heartbeat or palpitations in some individuals.
Higher doses may lead to increased irritability, anxiety, or restlessness in certain users.

Some people may experience stomach upset, diarrhea, or nausea.
There is some concern that prolonged use may affect hormonal balance, particularly in individuals with hormone-sensitive conditions.
Those with existing hormonal disorders (e.g., prostate cancer, breast cancer) should use caution.