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2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is an enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a colorless viscous liquid that readily polymerizes.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a monomer that is used to make various polymers.
CAS Number: 868-77-9
Molecular Formula: C6H10O3
Molecular Weight: 130.14
EINECS Number: 212-782-2
Synonyms: 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate, 868-77-9, Glycol methacrylate, Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, HEMA, Glycol monomethacrylate, Ethylene glycol methacrylate, 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate, 2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethanol, 2-hydroxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, Mhoromer, Methacrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester, Monomer MG-1, Ethylene glycol monomethacrylate, (hydroxyethyl)methacrylate, beta-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, NSC 24180, 2-Hydroxyethyl 2-methylacrylate, 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-hydroxyethyl ester, PHEMA, CCRIS 6879, CHEBI:34288, Ethylene glycol, monomethacrylate, HSDB 5442, 12676-48-1, EINECS 212-782-2, UNII-6E1I4IV47V, BRN 1071583, Monomethacrylic ether of ethylene glycol, 6E1I4IV47V, DTXSID7022128, PEG-MA, 1,2-Ethanediol mono(2-methyl)-2-propenoate, NSC-24180, 2-hydroxyethylmethylacrylate, ethyleneglycol monomethacrylate, DTXCID202128, .beta.-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (hema), EC 212-782-2, 4-02-00-01530 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), NSC24180, 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), MFCD00002863, MFCD00081879, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (stabilized with MEHQ), Bisomer HEMA, 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate,ophthalmic grade, hydroxyethylmethacrylate, 1,2-Ethanediol mono(2-methylpropenoate), hydroxyehtyl methacrylate, hydroxylethyl methacrylate, HEMA [INCI], 2-hydroxyetyl methacrylate, 2-HEMA, Epitope ID:117123, 2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl(methacrylate), SCHEMBL14886, WLN: Q2OVY1&U1, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl alcohol, BIDD:ER0648, CHEMBL1730239, CHEBI:53709, 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 98%, 2-Hydroxyethyl 2-methylacrylate #, Tox21_200415, AKOS015899920, Methacrylic Acid 2-Hydroxyethyl Ester, CS-W013439, DS-9647, HY-W012723, NCGC00166101-01, NCGC00166101-02, NCGC00257969-01, CAS-868-77-9, PD167321, SY279104, 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE [HSDB], 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate,low acid grade, 1,2-Ethanediol, mono(2-methyl)-2-propenyl, 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE [WHO-DD], M0085, NS00008941, EN300-98188, D70640, 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate(hema),technical grade, 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester, Hydroxyethyl methacrylate(5.9cp(30 degrees c)), 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-,2-hydroxiethyl ester, A904584, Hydroxyethyl methacrylate(>200cp(25 degrees c)), Q424799, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate, (stabilized with MEHQ), J-509674, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate, Stabilized with 250 ppm MEHQ, 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, embedding medium (for microscopy), InChI=1/C6H10O3/c1-5(2)6(8)9-4-3-7/h7H,1,3-4H2,2H, 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, >=99%, contains <=50 ppm monomethyl ether hydroquinone as inhibitor, 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, contains <=250 ppm monomethyl ether hydroquinone as inhibitor, 97%.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is the monomer that is used to make the polymer polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate.
The polymer is hydrophobic; however, when the polymer is subjected to water it will swell due to the molecule's hydrophilic pendant group.
Finally, the introduction of mesoscopic porogens can facilitate vascular ingrowth, improve cellular attachment, and overcome limited permeability.
Although 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is considered nondegradable (which makes it ideally suited for long-term applications in vivo), degradable 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) copolymers have been fabricated by the integration of enzymatically susceptible monomers (e.g., dextran) or cross-linking agents.
These degradable materials show promise for controlled release of pharmaceuticals and proteins.
Because 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) can be easily polymerized, possesses a hydrophilic pendant group, and can form hydrogels, an increasing number of applications have been found in various biomedical fields.
Although, as previously mentioned, a complete listing of the literature references appears impossible, have tried to present the main areas of interest for 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA), either when used alone or in combination with other chemical reagents.
Irritant and Toxic Effects First of all, the low toxicity of the monomer is widely accepted but few reports are available on the (potent) irritant effects of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA).
Intradermal injection of crude Hydroxyethyl metacrylate (HEMA) monomer at low concentrations in saline solution (-1%) was found to induce a very mild irritation in the rat, while higher concentrations (up to
20%) were associated with a pronounced reaction.
Similar findings were observed with sodium benzoate (an end product of benzoyl peroxide degradation used as a polymerization initiator) emphasizing the irritant role of residues.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) gels implanted into muscles of rats were found to release residual irritant continuously but at a very low rate, thus inducing no cellular reaction.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) used at 0.01-1% concentrations was found to alter the fine structure of cultured cells with quantitative video microscopy.
On the other hand, numerous clinical trials, listed hereafter within a specific organ description, have found minimal irritant reactions.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is perhaps the most widely studied and used neutral hydrophilic monomer.
This bifunctional monomer, which contains both acrylate and hydroxyl functionality, is produced from the esterification of methacrylic acid by ethylene glycol or from ethylene oxide via a ring-opening process.
The 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) monomer is water soluble, while its homopolymer is water-insoluble but plasticized and swollen in water.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is an ester of Methacrylic acid and is used as a raw material component in the synthesis of polymers.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) forms a homopolymer and copolymers.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA), easily entering into the reaction of accession with a wide range of organic and inorganic substances, is used for the synthesis of organic low molecular weight substances.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a polymer that forms a hydrogel in water.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) hydrogel for intraocular lens (IOL) materials was synthesized by solution polymerization using 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) as raw material, ammonium persulfate and sodium pyrosulfite (APS/SMBS) as catalyst, and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as cross-linking additive.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) was invented by Drahoslav Lim and Otto Wichterle for biological use.
Together they succeeded in preparing a cross-linking gel which absorbed up to 40% of water, exhibited suitable mechanical properties and was transparent.
Polymeric hydrogel scaffold can be produced by polymerizing 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) in water.
Depending on the physical and chemical structure of the polymer, it is capable of absorbing from 10 to 600% water relative to the dry weight.
Because of this property, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) was one of the first materials to be successfully used in the manufacture of flexible contact lenses.
Hydroxyethylmethacrylate was first synthesized around 1925. Common methods of synthesis are: reaction of methacrylic acid with ethylene oxide; esterification of methacrylic acid with a large excess of ethylene glycol.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) comprises of a polymerizable methacrylate functional group in one end and a reactive hydroxyl group at the other end.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) easily dissolves in water and has relatively low volatility.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) copolymerizes readily with a wide variety of monomers, and the added hydroxyl groups improve adhesion to surfaces, incorporate cross-link sites, and impart corrosion, fogging, and abrasion resistance, as well as contribute to low odor, color, and volatility.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is used in UV-curable inks and coatings.
It is also used in adhesives, artificial nails, dental materials and lacquers.
In dentistry, it is one of the main volatile acrylates along with methyl methacrylate.
Further, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is used as a monomer in the synthesis of polymers for dental prosthetics and for geotechnical grouting in construction work.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is the organic compound with the chemical formula H2CdC(CH3)CO2CH2CH2OH.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a colorless viscous liquid that readily polymerizes.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a monomer that is used to make various polymers.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is perhaps the most widely studied and used neutral hydrophilic monomer.
The monomer is soluble, its homopolymer is water-insoluble but plasticized and swollen in water.
This monomer is the basis for many hydrogel products such as soft contact lenses, as well as polymer binders for controlled drug release, absorbents for body fluids and lubricious coatings.
As a co-monomer with other ester monomers, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) can be used to control hydrophobicity or introduce reactive sites.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is the monomer that is used to make the polymer polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate.
The polymer is hydrophobic; however, when the polymer is subjected to water it will swell due to the molecule's hydrophilic pendant group.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is colorless liquids. Methacrylate ester monomers are used in nail enhancement products.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA), is a clear, colorless liquid with a slight characteristic odor.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a monomer primarily used in the production of various polymers and copolymers, especially in the synthesis of acrylic resins.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is commonly abbreviated as HEMA and has the chemical formula C6H10O3.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is notable for its reactivity and is used in a variety of applications, including adhesives, coatings, dental materials, and in the manufacture of contact lenses.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is an acrylic monomer.
It is used in light curing polymer system and high performance coatings for lasting high gloss against scratching, solvents, and weathering.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is the organic compound with the formula H2C=C(CH3)CO2CH2CH2OH.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a colorless viscous liquid that readily polymerizes.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a monomer that is used to make various polymers.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is an inert, water-stable, nondegradable hydrogel with high transparency.
The physical properties of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) can be tuned by varying cross-linking density, incorporating different chemistries through copolymerization, and introducing mesoscopic pores.
Specifically, a reduction in cross-linking density results in a softer, more malleable hydrogel that may be better suited for soft tissue regeneration.
Moreover, copolymerization with acetic acid, methylmethacrylate, or dextran can adjust the permanence, hydrophilicity, and cellular adhesion in vivo.
Both these methods give also some amount of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate.
During polymerization of hydroxyethylmethacrylate, it works as crosslinking agent.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is completely miscible with water and ethanol, but its polymer is practically insoluble in common solvents.
Its viscosity is 0.0701 Pa⋅s at 20°C[6] and 0.005 Pa⋅s at 30°C.[3] During polymerization, it shrinks by approximately 6%.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a monomer that is used to make various polymers.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is widely used in dental composite materials.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) or HEMA is a high purity methacrylate monomer with many applications including: contact lenses, anaerobic adhesives, light-curing systems and high performance coatings.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is useful as an embedding medium for light microscopy studies.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is water-soluble and polymerises at room temperature.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a clear, colourless liquid with a sweet odour which is soluble in water.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is an ester of methacrylic acid used to make the polymer polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, which was one of the first materials to be used successfully in flexible contact lenses.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) copolymerizes readily with a wide range of monomers, and the added hydroxyl groups provide improved adhesion to surfaces, hydrophilicity, resistance to corrosion, fogging, and abrasion, incorporate cross-link sites, and reduce odour, colour, and volatility.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA), is a clear colorless, easily flowable liquid monomer with a pungent, sweet odor.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is biocompatible in nature.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is the organic compound with the chemical formula H2CdC(CH3)CO2CH2CH2OH.
Melting point: -12 °C
Boiling point: 67 °C3.5 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.073 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 5 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.01 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.453(lit.)
Flash point: 207 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Chloroform, Methanol (Slightly)
form: Liquid
pka: 13.83±0.10(Predicted)
color: Clear
Odor: Ester like
Viscosity: 6.36mm2/s
Water Solubility: soluble
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
BRN: 1071583
Stability: Unstable - may polymerize in the absence of stabilizer. May be stabilized with, or contain small amounts of, diethylene glycol monomethacrylate, di(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate, methacrylic acid. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, free radical initiators, peroxides, steel. Closed containers may explode if heated due to runaway polymer
InChIKey: WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.42 at 25℃
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) can also be found in certain personal care products, such as hair styling gels and nail polishes, where its adhesive and film-forming properties are utilized.
When combined with a suitable blowing agent such as BOC anhydride it forms a foaming resin which expands when heated.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is very important in macromolecular chemistry.
This paper reviews the main properties of the polymers or copolymers prepared from it by summarizing the information published in articles or patients.
The following plan is adopted: Preparation and purification of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) Polymerization and copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and physical properties Chemical modifications of monomer Chemical modifications of poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and related copolymers Grafting reactions of polymer or copolymer Applications in biomedical fields The following abbreviations will be used:
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (rather than GMA, which is chiefly employed in medical journals) and 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) for the corresponding polymers.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) will be used for ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, an impurity synthesized in the preparation of monomer.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) appeared difficult to section, and they had poor resistance under an electron beam.
The quality of commercially available 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) was reported to vary considerably up to 1965.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)-containing formulations are utilized as surgical adhesives or tissue sealants to bond tissues together during surgical procedures.
These adhesives can help reduce bleeding, promote wound healing, and minimize scarring.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)-based hydrogels are used in the fabrication of corneal inlays, which are small implants placed within the cornea to correct refractive errors such as presbyopia or myopia.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a monomer used in the manufacturing of polymers and copolymers.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) has applications in adhesives, coatings, dental materials, and medical devices.
The 97% purity level ensures high-quality performance with low impurities.
The stabilizer prevents polymerization during storage, ensuring maximum shelf life.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) can be hazardous if ingested or comes into contact with skin or eyes, so appropriate safety precautions must be taken when handling it.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) should be stored in a cool, dry place away from sources of ignition and incompatible materials.
Environmental impact data for this product is not available at this time.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is often used to increase the hydrophobicity or surface adhesion of polymers and polymer-based materials such as specialty coatings, resins, adhesives, printing inks, and acrylic plastics.
As a co-monomer with other acrylic ester monomers, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) can be used to control hydrophobicity or introduce reactive sites.
Methacrylic monomer is a chemical used in UV inks, adhesives, lacquers, dental materials and artificial nails.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is also used in high performance coatings for glass to guard against scratching and weathering and can be found in paint resins as well as binders for textiles and paper.
Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of this chemical.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a key ingredient in the formulation of adhesives and sealants due to its ability to form strong and durable bonds.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) contributes to the adhesive's flexibility, adhesion, and resistance to moisture.
Dental Materials: HEMA is widely used in dentistry for the fabrication of dental adhesives, dental composites, and dental cements.
These materials are used in restorative dentistry procedures, such as filling cavities and bonding dental restorations.
In the production of soft contact lenses, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is used to create hydrogels that provide comfort, flexibility, and oxygen permeability to the lenses.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) helps maintain moisture and ensures compatibility with the eye.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is employed in the manufacturing of coatings, including paints, varnishes, and protective coatings.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) enhances adhesion to various substrates, improves durability, and contributes to the coating's resistance to water and chemicals.
In biomedical engineering, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is utilized in the development of biomedical devices, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering scaffolds.
Its biocompatibility and ability to undergo polymerization make it suitable for these applications.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is often used in photopolymerization processes, where exposure to light initiates the polymerization reaction.
This property is valuable in applications such as 3D printing, lithography, and photoresist formulations.
Some formulations of textile treatments incorporate 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) to impart properties such as water repellency, dyeability, and printability to fabrics.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) can be found in certain personal care products, including hair styling gels, nail polishes, and skincare formulations.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) contributes to the adhesive properties, film-forming abilities, and texture of these products.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is used in some ophthalmic solutions and eye drops as a viscosity modifier or lubricant to improve comfort during application.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is utilized in various industrial processes, including as a monomer in the production of specialty polymers, resins, and specialty chemicals.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is utilized in the production of hydrogel wound dressings due to its ability to retain moisture and conform to irregular wound shapes.
These dressings provide a moist environment conducive to wound healing.
In orthopedic surgery, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is sometimes incorporated into bone cement formulations used for procedures such as total joint replacements.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) helps improve the adhesion of the cement to bone surfaces.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is used in the development of biocompatible coatings for medical devices, such as catheters and implants.
These coatings help reduce friction, prevent tissue adherence, and enhance biocompatibility.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)-based hydrogels are employed in tissue engineering applications to create scaffolds for cell growth and tissue regeneration.
These scaffolds mimic the extracellular matrix and support tissue development.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is utilized in the design of controlled-release drug delivery systems.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) can be incorporated into polymer matrices or hydrogels to control the release rate of drugs and improve their bioavailability.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)-based membranes are used in membrane separation processes, such as ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, for applications such as water purification and protein separation.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is used in the fabrication of biomedical sensors due to its compatibility with biological fluids and its ability to immobilize biomolecules.
These sensors are used for various diagnostic and monitoring purposes.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)-based polymers are utilized in the production of optical materials, such as waveguides and lenses, for applications in telecommunications, imaging systems, and optical sensors.
In addition to soft contact lenses, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is used in the manufacture of hydrogel contact lenses.
These lenses provide oxygen permeability and moisture retention, ensuring comfort for extended wear.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is sometimes incorporated into cosmetic formulations, such as skincare products and makeup, to enhance texture, spreadability, and moisturizing properties.
Copolymers with n-butyl methacrylate or styrene were also found less satisfactory than the epoxy resins.
During the last decade, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) has found a new interest in light microscopy.
An extensive review was made by Bennett et al. "1. Briefly, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) embedding is favored for light microscopy because: The embedding duration is shorter than for classical methods.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) was used to embed large and very large specimen.
Preservation of tissular and cellular structures is far superior to other classical methods.
This is due to the adherence of tissue sections onto the microscopic glass slides and because the resin is not removed prior to staining.
Sectioning is easier and semithin sections (i.e., 2 to 3 pm in thickness) can be obtained on conventional microtomes with steel or Ralph's glass knives.
Furthermore, once cut, the sections spread on water and do not shrink.
Numerous staining methods can be performed on 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) sections.
Classical stains (excepted those having a hydro-alcoholic vehicle which makes the section swell) have been reported to work well, sometimes after minor modifications.
Enzymological studies can readily be done, and large amounts of enzymes are preserved.
Calcified tissue enzymes have been demonstrated on undecalcified sections.
At the present time, several 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)-based commercial kits are available.
However, the slow hydrolysis of the resin makes it difficult to obtain regular results; the regenerated methacrylic acid appears to combine with basic stains, and small amounts (1.5% or less) impair correct staining by strongly obscuring the background.
Several purification methods specially devoted to histotechnology have been designed.
Copolymerization with dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate was proposed to complex the carboxylic groups of methacrylic acid.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) alone was repeatedly found to be a poor medium for calcified tissues because the size of the molecule makes it difficult to infiltrate such tissues.
Combined with methyl methacrylate (MMA) or various types of aikyl methacrylates or acrylates, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) was shown to provide suitable embedding media.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is usually polymerized by a redox reaction (benzoyl peroxide and N,N‘-dimethyl aniline), and the method has been used to embed in the cold, thus preserving enzyme activities.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a widely used hydrogel for several biomedical applications, however, cell adhesion and proliferation are limited in these polymers.
In this study the strategy of phosphate containing monomer based copolymerisation has been used to molecularly engineer poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is an ester of Methacrylic Acid and is used as a raw material in the synthesis of polymers.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) can form homopolymers and copolymers.
Its copolymers can be prepared with (meth)acrylic acid and its salts, amides, and esters, as well as with (meth)acrylates, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride,
styrene, butadiene, and other monomers.
Uses Of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA):
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is the methacrylic monomer for use in UV inks, adhesives, lacquers, dental materials, artificial nails, etc.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is used in UV-curable inks and coatings.
It is also used in adhesives, artificial nails, dental materials and lacquers.
In dentistry, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is one of the main volatile acrylates along with methyl methacrylate.
Further, it is used as a monomer in the synthesis of polymers for dental prosthetics and for geotechnical grouting in construction work.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is used for preparation of hydrophilic polymers for biomedical devices.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)e is used in UV-curable inks and coatings.
It is also used in adhesives, artificial nails, dental materials and lacquers.
In dentistry, it is one of the main volatile acrylates along with methyl methacrylate.
Further, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is used as a monomer in the synthesis of polymers for dental prosthetics and for geotechnical grouting in construction work.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is intensively applied in manufacturing hydroxyl acrylic resin of active groups,coating and the additives used in two component coating manufacturing and as the lubricating oil lavation in oil and fats industry, etc.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is mainly used in producing thermosetting coating, fiber treating agent, adhesive, light-sensitive resin and medical polymer material, etc.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is mainly used to fabricate thermosetting coatings, fiber-treating agent, photo sensitive resin, adhesive and medical macromolecular materials and so on.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is used in light curing polymer system and high performance coatings for lasting high gloss against scratching, solvents and weathering.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is used in paint resins and emulsions, binders for textiles and paper.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) can be used in bone void fillers, which are materials used to fill defects or voids in bone tissue, such as those caused by trauma or surgery.
These fillers help support bone regeneration and healing.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)-based hydrogels can be utilized as implants for tissue augmentation or replacement in cosmetic and reconstructive surgery.
These implants provide structural support and can be tailored to specific anatomical requirements.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)-based hydrogels are employed in wound dressings to provide a moist wound environment conducive to healing.
These dressings help promote tissue regeneration while protecting the wound from external contaminants.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is used in the development of biosensors, which are analytical devices that detect biological molecules.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)-based hydrogels can immobilize enzymes or antibodies for specific detection of target molecules in biological samples.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)-based hydrogels are employed in cell encapsulation techniques, where cells are embedded within the hydrogel matrix for various applications such as cell therapy, tissue engineering, and drug screening.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)-based polymers can be used to encapsulate nanoparticles for controlled release or targeted delivery of drugs, imaging agents, or other therapeutic molecules.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)-based hydrogels can be coated onto medical devices such as catheters, stents, and implants to reduce friction, prevent biofouling, and improve biocompatibility.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)-based hydrogel inks are used in bioprinting technologies to create complex three-dimensional structures composed of living cells and biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)s use in synthesis of hydrophilic crosslinked networks, and these results had great importance for manufacture of soft contact lenses.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is hydrophilic: it is capable of absorbing from 10 to 600% water relative to the dry weight.
Because of this property, it was one of the first materials to be used in the manufacture of soft contact lenses.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) As for the majority of methacrylic derivatives, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) can be polymerized by radical initiators or by various methods (y-rays, UV, and plasma).
When the monomer is purified (without EGDMA, which is a crosslinking product), a soluble polymer can be synthesized, but when the monomer contains even a low percentage of EGDMA, the prepared copolymers produce swollen gels in water.
Syndiotactic Hydroxyethyl metacrylate (HEMA) has been synthesized by UV catalysis at - 40"C, and isotactic 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) has been prepared through hydrolysis of poly(benzoxyethy1 methacrylate) which had been synthesized from the corresponding polymers with dibutyl lithium cuprate as catalyst.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) lends itself well to applications in 3D printing as it cures quickly at room temperature when exposed to UV light in the presence of photoinitiators.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) may be used as a monomeric matrix in which 40nm silica particles are suspended for 3D glass printing.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is commonly used as a monomer in the formulation of adhesives and sealants due to its ability to polymerize into strong, durable materials.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a key ingredient in dental materials, such as dental adhesives, dental composites, and dental cements.
These materials are utilized in various dental procedures, including restorative dentistry and orthodontics.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is used in the manufacturing process of soft contact lenses.
Its biocompatibility and ability to retain water make it suitable for this application, providing comfort and flexibility to the lenses.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is also employed in coatings, such as paints, varnishes, and protective coatings.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) contributes to the adhesion, durability, and flexibility of these coatings when applied to various surfaces.
In addition to dental materials and contact lenses, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) finds applications in other biomedical fields.
It is used in the development of controlled drug delivery systems, tissue engineering scaffolds, and biomedical adhesives.
Some formulations of textile treatments utilize 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) to impart water repellency or to enhance dyeability and printability of fabrics.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is often used in photopolymerization processes, where exposure to light initiates the polymerization reaction.
This property makes it suitable for use in photopolymer resins for 3D printing and lithography processes.
Safety Profile Of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA):
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is not allowed to carry out work in these rooms using an open fire.
Those working with 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) must be provided with special clothing and personal protective equipment.
In case of fire, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is necessary to use fire extinguishers OP-5, OVP-100 koshma, sand, asbestos cloth.
Spread on solid soil 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) should be covered with sand.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a combustible substance.
At the temperatures above 97 °C, it can form explosive mixtures of vapor with air.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.
If this fluid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs can lead to chemical pneumonitis.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA), sanitary rules for organizing technological processes and hygienic requirements for production equipment must be strictly observed.
All types of work with 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) should be carried out in rooms equipped with general supply and exhaust ventilation.
