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POTASSIUM NITRATE = SALTPETER = SALTPETRE
CAS Number: 7757-79-1
EC Number: 231-818-8
MDL Number: MFCD00011409
Chemical Formula: KNO3
Potassium nitrate is an inorganic salt with a chemical formula of KNO3.
Potassium nitrate is a manufactured fertilizer for supplying nitrogen and potassium.
Potassium nitrate is made from potassium chloride and a source of nitrate, such as sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, or nitric acid.
Potassium nitrate is sold as a water-soluble, crystalline material for hydroponics and in a prilled form for soil application.
Sales of potassium nitrate account for only a small portion of the global potassium fertilizer market as a fertilizer for special uses.
Potassium nitrate's grade is 13-0-45.
Potassium nitrate is the ingredient of stump removers as Potassium nitrate facilitates rotting of tree stumps.
Natural occurring potassium nitrate is saltpeter.
Potassium nitrate appears as a white to dirty gray crystalline solid.
Water soluble.
Noncombustible.
Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula KNO3.
Potassium nitrate is an ionic salt of potassium ions K+ and nitrate ions NO3−, and is therefore an alkali metal nitrate.
Potassium nitrate occurs in nature as a mineral, niter (or nitre in the UK).
Potassium nitrate is a source of nitrogen, and nitrogen was named after niter.
Potassium nitrate is one of several nitrogen-containing compounds collectively referred to as saltpetre (or saltpeter in North America).
Potassium nitrate (KNO3) is obtained through a reaction of NaNO3 and potassium chloride (KCl).
Potassium nitrate is an ionic salt of potassium ions K+ and nitrate ions NO3−, and is therefore an alkali metal nitrate.
Potassium nitrate is the inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.
Potassium nitrate is a potassium salt and an inorganic nitrate salt.
Potassium nitrate (KNO₃) is a soluble source of two major essential plant nutrients.
Potassium nitrate’s commonly used as a fertilizer for high-value crops that benefit from nitrate (NO₃-) nutrition and a source of potassium (K+) free of chloride (Cl⁻).
Potassium nitrate is transparent, colorless, or white, and may be crystalline or powdery solid.
Potassium nitrate is odorless with a sharp, cool, salty taste.
Potassium nitrate is slightly hygroscopic, that is, having a tendency to absorb moisture from the air.
Potassium nitrate is made commercially by reacting potassium chloride (KCl) with nitric acid (HNO3) at high temperatures
Potassium nitrate can also be obtained for use from natural sources.
Potassium nitrate occurs as a thin, whitish, glassy crust on rocks in sheltered areas, such as caves.
In warm climates, potassium nitrate forms when bacteria decompose animal feces and other organic matter.
The compound usually appears as a white powder on the surface of soil.
The chemical compound potassium nitrate is a naturally occurring mineral source of nitrogen.
Potassium nitrate is a nitrate with chemical formula KNO3.
Potassium nitrate's common names include saltpetre (from Medieval Latin sal petrae: "stone salt" or possibly "Salt of Petra"), American English salt peter, Nitrate of potash and nitre.
The name salt peter is also applied to sodium nitrate.
Potassium nitrate is the oxidizing (oxygen-supplying) component of black powder.
Prior to the large-scale industrial fixation of nitrogen through the Haber process, a major source of Potassium nitrate was the deposits crystallising from cave walls or the drainings of decomposing organic material.
Dung-heaps were a particularly common source: ammonia from the decomposition of urea and other nitrogenous materials would undergo bacterial oxidation to produce nitrate.
Potassium nitrate was and is also used as a component in some fertilizers.
When used by itself as a fertilizer, Potassium nitrate has an NPK rating of 13-0-44 (indicating 13%, 0%, and 44% of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, by mass, respectively).
Potassium nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KNO3.
Potassium nitrate is a crystalline solid ranging from a white to a dirty gray color.
Potassium nitrate is noncombustible and soluble in hot water but is not fully soluble in cold water.
Potassium nitrate is a strong oxidizer and releases oxygen when Potassium nitrate decomposes upon heating.
Potassium nitrate is prepared commercially by the reaction of potassium chloride with sodium nitrate.
Potassium nitrate is also known as saltpeter.
Due to Potassium nitrate's high chemical purity and extremely low content of chloride and sulphate impurities, as well as of insoluble residues, Potassium nitrate finds widespread application in various industries.
Potassium Nitrate is a highly water soluble crystalline Potassium source for uses compatible with nitrates and lower (acidic) pH.
Nitrate compounds are generally soluble in water.
Nitrate materials are also oxidizing agents.
All metallic nitrates are inorganic salts of a given metal cation and the nitrate anion.
The nitrate anion is a univalent (-1 charge) polyatomic ion composed of a single nitrogen atom ionically bound to three oxygen atoms (Symbol: NO3) for a total formula weight of 62.05.
Potassium Nitrate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula KNO3.
Potassium nitrate is an ionic salt of potassium ions K+ and nitrate ions NO−3.
Potassium nitrate is an alkali metal nitrate.
Potassium nitrate known as saltpetre or nitre is a white solid soluble in water.
Potassium nitrate is formed by fractional crystallization of sodium nitrate and potassium chloride solutions.
On heating, Potassium nitrate decomposes and gives nitrite and oxygen.
Unlike sodium nitrate, Potassium nitrate is non-deliquescent.
Potassium nitrate is the most common desensitizing agent.
Potassium Nitrate is water soluble N – K Fertilizer contributing nitrogen 13 % and potassium 45 %.
Potassium nitrate is a unique source of potassium by Potassium nitrate's nutritional value and Potassium nitrate's contribution to the health and yields of plants.
KNO3 is described as a chemical compound having the chemical name Potassium Nitrate.
Potassium nitrate is otherwise called niter or saltpeter, which is a white solid soluble in water formed by the fractional crystallization of potassium chloride and sodium nitrate solutions.
Potassium nitrate takes place naturally as niter in rocks in South Africa, Brazil, and India.
When heated this compound, decomposes to form oxygen and nitrite.
Potassium nitrate is non-deliquescent, unlike sodium nitrate.
Potassium nitrate, also known as kaliumnitrat or niter, belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkali metal nitrates.
These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is nitrate, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is an alkali metal.
Potassium nitrate is used in a variation of ways, but mostly seen in fertilizers and the removal of tree stumps.
Produces wonderful nourishments for plants and promotes healthy and efficient plant growth as well.
Providing nutrients is a vital part of the metabolic process in the plant's cell that acts as a water management source for the plant, ensuring a healthy style of living.
Potassium nitrate, commonly named as saltpeter or nitrate of potash, is a inorganic salt that has been used since Ancient age as fertilizer and medicines.
Formula and structure:
The potassium nitrate chemical formula is KNO3 and the molar mass is 101.102 g/mol.
This salt is formed by one potassium cation (K+) and one nitrate anion (NO3-).
These species form an ionic salt.
The crystal structure is orthorhombic but at high temperatures (above 130 °C), Potassium nitrate has a trigonal structure.
Potassium nitrate crystals are among the safest and easiest crystals to grow.
Potassium nitrate (KNO3) is also known as saltpeter.
Potassium nitrate is found in some minerals such as niter.
Potassium nitrate is also found in caves, particularly due to the presence of bat guano, which is a natural source of potassium nitrate.
Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula KNO3.
Potassium nitrate is an ionic salt of potassium ions K+ and nitrate ions NO3−.
Potassium nitrate occurs as a mineral niter and is a natural solid source of nitrogen.
Potassium nitrate is one of several nitrogen-containing compounds collectively referred to as saltpeter or saltpetre.
Potassium nitrate KNO3, Potassium Nitrate is colorless crystal or white powder.
Potassium nitrate is easily soluble in water, and insoluble in alcohol.
Potassium nitrate can not deliquesce in the air.
Potassium nitrate (KNO3) is an odorless crystalline solid that ranges in color from white to dirty grey.
They are water-soluble, non-combustible compounds that speed up the combustion of combustible materials.
Saltpeter is a common chemical, used for many products and science projects.
Saltpeter is the natural mineral source of the chemical potassium nitrate, KNO3.
Depending on where you live, Potassium nitrate may be spelled "saltpetre" rather than 'saltpeter'.
Before systematic naming of chemicals, saltpeter was called nitrate of potash.
Potassium nitrate has also been called 'Chinese salt' or 'Chinese snow'.
In addition to KNO3, the compounds sodium nitrate (NaNO3), calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2), and magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2) are also sometimes referred to as saltpeter.
Pure saltpeter or potassium nitrate is a white crystalline solid, usually encountered as a powder.
Most potassium nitrate is produced using a chemical reaction of nitric acid and potassium salts, but bat guano was an important historical natural source.
Potassium nitrate was isolated from guano by soaking Potassium nitrate in water, filtering Potassium nitrate, and harvesting the pure crystals that grow.
Potassium nitrate may be produced in a similar manner from urine or manure.
USES and APPLICATIONS of POTASSIUM NITRATE:
-Potassium nitrate is a natural source of nitrate and has been used as a constituent for several different purposes, including food preservatives, fertilizers, tree stump removal, rocket propellants, and fireworks.
-Potassium nitrate is a common active ingredient in toothpaste, exerting an anti-sensitivity action.
Potassium nitrate provides increasing protection against painful sensitivity of the teeth to cold, heat, acids, sweets or contact.
-In addition, potassium nitrate is used as a diuretic in pigs, cattle, and horses.
Potassium nitrate is administered orally doses up to 30 g per animal per day 7.
-Used in solid propellants, explosives, fertilizers.
-Potassium nitrate’s used in processed meats, fertilizers, gunpowder, fireworks, and many science projects.
-Potassium Nitrate is a crystalline salt, KNO3; a strong oxidizer used especially in making gunpowder, as a fertilizer, and in medicine.
-Potassium nitrate has a role as a fertilizer.
-Potassium nitrates are ignitable fumigants also utilized as rodenticides and insecticides.
They are added to other pesticide active ingredients (sulfur and carbon) and placed into fumigant gas cartridges and placed in pest-infested areas.
-Major uses of potassium nitrate are in fertilizers, tree stump removal, rocket propellants and fireworks.
Potassium nitrate is one of the major constituents of gunpowder (black powder).
In processed meats, potassium nitrate reacts with hemoglobin and myoglobin generating a red color.
-Growers value fertilizing with KNO₃ especially in conditions where a highly soluble, chloride-free nutrient source is needed.
In such soils, all of the N is immediately available for plant uptake as nitrate, requiring no additional microbial action and soil transformation.
Growers of high-value vegetable and orchard crops sometime prefer to use a nitrate-based source of nutrition in an effort to boost yield and quality.
Potassium nitrate contains a relatively high proportion of K, with an N to K ratio of approximately one to three.
Many crops have high K demands and can remove as much or more K than N at harvest.
-Applications of KNO₃ to the soil are made before the growing season or as a supplement during the growing season.
A diluted solution is sometimes sprayed on plant foliage to stimulate physiological processes or to overcome nutrient deficiencies.
Foliar application of K during fruit development advantages some crops, since this growth stage often coincides with high K demands during the time of declining root activity and nutrient uptake.
-Potassium nitrate’s also commonly used for greenhouse plant production and hydroponic culture.
-Both N and K are required by plants to support harvest quality, protein formation, disease resistance and water-use efficiency.
Therefore, to support healthy growth, farmers often apply KNO₃ to soil or through the irrigation system during the growing season.
-Potassium nitrate accounts for only a small portion of the global K fertilizer market.
Potassium nitrate’s primarily used where Potassium nitrates unique composition and properties can provide specific benefits to growers.
Further, Potassium nitrate’s easy to handle and apply, and is compatible with many other fertilizers, including specialty fertilizers for many high-value specialty crops, as well as those used on grain and fiber crops.
-The relatively high solubility of KNO₃ under warm conditions allows for a more concentrated solution than for other common K fertilizers.
However, farmers must carefully manage the water to keep the nitrate from moving below the root zone.
-Potassium nitrate is a natural source of nitrate and has been used as a constituent for several different purposes, including food preservatives, fertilisers, tree stump removal, rocket propellants, and fireworks.
-Potassium nitrate is a common active ingredient in toothpaste, exerting an anti-sensitivity action.
-Potassium nitrate has long been used for fireworks and gunpowder.
-Potassium nitrate’s now more commonly added to food to maintain the quality of meat and cheese.
-Specialty toothpastes often contain KNO₃ to alleviate tooth sensitivity.
-A mixture of KNO₃ and sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) is used for storing heat in solar energy installations.
-Pharma
-Lubricants
-Water Treatment
-Oil & Gas
-Cleaning
-Animal Nutrition
-Coatings & Construction
-Food and Nutrition
-Agriculture
-Cosmetics
-Solvents
-Polymers
-Rubber
-Metal treatments
-Glass
-Ceramics and enamels
-Pyrotechnics
-Drilling fluids
-Antimicrobial
-Curing Agent
-Fertilizer
-Glass
-Heat Transfer Salts
-Meat Curing
-Oral Care
-Rocket Propellant
-Salt Baths
-Steel
-Teeth Whitening
-Tabacco
-Toothpaste
-Crystallization grade Potassium nitrate for formulating screens or for optimization.
-Potassium nitrate, more commonly known as saltpeter or niter, has been used by humans for many centuries.
Going back as far as ancient Chinese civilizations, the compound was used as an ingredient in fireworks, to preserve foods, to make incense burn more evenly, to increase the male sex drive, and for magic potions.
-As a meat preservative that helps meats retain their bright red color;
-As a flux for soldering;
-In fertilizers, especially for use with crops such as tomatoes, potatoes, tobacco, leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and peaches;
-In the manufacture of glasses and ceramics;
-As an additive for tobacco products that helps the tobacco burn more cleanly and smoothly;
-As an oxidizing agent in rocket propulsion systems;
-As a diuretic, a substance that increases the flow of urine from the body; and
-As a raw material in the manufacture of other potassium compounds.
-The primary use of potassium nitrate is in explosives, blasting powders, gunpowder, fireworks, and matches.
Potassium nitrate is used as an oxidizing agent in such preparations.
Potassium nitrate is a substance that provides oxygen for the combustion of some other material.
For example, gunpowder, the oldest known explosive, is a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal (nearly pure carbon), and sulfur.
When the mixture is ignited, the carbon and sulfur burn very rapidly to produce carbon dioxide (CO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2. At the same time, the potassium nitrate decomposes to produce a variety of products, one of which is nitric oxide (NO).
-Potassium nitrate used in solid propellants, explosives and fertilizers.
-One of the most useful applications of potassium nitrate is in the production of nitric acid, by adding concentrated sulfuric acid to an aqueous solution of potassium nitrate, yielding nitric acid and potassium sulfate which are separated through fractional distillation.
-Potassium nitrate is also used as a fertilizer, in model rocket propellant, and in several fireworks such as smoke bombs, in which a mixture with sugar produces a smoke cloud of 600 times their own volume.
The ratio for smoke bombs using sucrose (powdered sugar) and potassium nitrate is 40(C12H22O11):60(KNO3).
Potassium nitrate can be used as is, or carefully melted together using a hot plate.
-In the process of food preservation, potassium nitrate is a rare ingredient of salted meat, but there are theories indicating that using nitrates in meats can cause cancer.
-Potassium Nitrate is also a main component in stump remover; Potassium nitrate accelerates the natural decomposition of the stump.
Stump remover is usually about 98% pure KNO3, and is a common source of KNO3.
-Potassium nitrate has also been used in the manufacture of ice cream and can be found in some toothpastes for sensitive teeth.
Recently, the use of potassium nitrate in toothpastes for sensitive teeth has increased dramatically, despite the fact that Potassium nitrate has not been conclusively shown to help dental hypersensitivity.
-Used in the products for care of the oral cavity and teeth, sedative component, preservative, colour fixative, emollient.
-High mechanical resistance allows using potassium nitrate in mechanized black powder and special pyrotechnical mixtures production processes, as well as in manufacturing of matches.
Lack of magnesium and calcium impurities makes Potassium nitrate possible to use potassium nitrate as a component of thermal energy accumulation compounds in solar installations.
-Potassium nitrate is also used in electrovacuum industry and flint glass manufacturing for discoloration and refining of industrial crystal glass and strengthening glass products.
-In food industry, food-grade potassium nitrate (Е252 additive) is used for preservation of meat products (such as sausages, bacon, ham, tongue, link sausages, smoked link sausages etc.) and to pressed and conserved meat.
-Nitrates are excellent precursors for production of ultra high purity compounds and certain catalyst and nanoscale(nanoparticles and nanopowders) materials.
-Potassium nitrate is an important input in the production of crystal, enamel for covering ceramic or metallic surfaces, metal treatments and gunpowder, among others.
-When used in toothpaste, potassium nitrate makes up just 5% of the total ingredient content.
This amount is enough to help relieve sensitivity as well.
Whitening toothpastes that contain potassium nitrate both remove surface stains and help prevent sensitivity.
-Potassium nitrate outperforms other potassium fertilizers on crops of all types.
Potassium nitrate increases yields and improves quality in vegetables, field crops., flowers and fruit and nut trees. Potassium nitrate is an ideal source of N and K for optional plant nutrition.
-Potassium nitrate can be used in fertilizers, gunpowder, and in the laboratory preparation of nitric acid.
-Potassium nitrate is given as the most common desensitizing agent in over-the-counter dentifrices.
At a concentration of 5 percent, potassium nitrate in conjunction with either mono-fluoro-phosphate or sodium fluoride significantly reduces the symptoms within two weeks of daily use.
Potassium ions penetrate the length of the block repolarization and dentinal tubule of the nerve ending.
-Potassium nitrate is given as a strong oxidizing agent and can be widely used in the removal of fireworks, stump, fertilizers, and more.
Potassium nitrate is a primary constituent of food preservation and black powder techniques.
-Potassium nitrate fertilizer is one of the ideal fertilizer for healthy development of the plant, high yield and quality product.
Fruits of plants fed with sufficient amounts of potassium become more delicious, more juicy and coarse due to their high sugar content.
-Prevents water losses.
-Potassium minimizes plant transpiration and reduces Potassium nitrate's water requirements.
-Adequate potassium nutrition of the plant enhances Potassium nitrate's water sourcing efficiency from the soil.
-Nitrogen in Nitrate from which is readily available for uptake of plants.
Due to plants high K2O contents it helps in longer shelf life & also strengthening immunity to plants and also water stress condition.
Helps in increasing yield and qulity.
Potassium nitrate is free form chlorine contents, Potassium nitrate has low salt index.
Compatible with Pesticide- Compatible with most of the pesticides (except herbicide)
-Potassium nitrite is used to making gunpowder.
Potassium nitrate is also a raw material in the preparation of toothpaste, rocket propellants and fireworks.
Due to the presence of nitrate anion, Potassium nitrate is a good fertilizer.
Potassium nitrate is a also used as a diuretic agent in pigs, cattle and horses.
-Mainly used in fireworks, gunpowder, matches, fuses, candles, tobacco, color picture tubes, drugs, chemical reagents, catalysts, ceramic glazes, glass, fertilizer, and flowers, vegetables, fruit trees and other cash crops spraying fertilizers, etc.
In Agricultural application, Potassium nitrate can help to provide high-efficient nutrients, make plants strong, increase output , save water usage in field, and improve the condition of soil.
-Potassium nitrate is mainly applied in TV glass, glass refining agent and motor light glass; compound fertilizer and foliar spray fertilizer; fireworks and black powder; drugs and catalyst; ceramic and enamel; salt both of heat treatment, cigarette paper, concentrating agent; as chromogen agent, preserving agent in food industry.
-Saltpeter is a common food preservative and additive, fertilizer, and oxidizer for fireworks and rockets.
Saltpeter is one of the principal ingredients in gunpowder.
Potassium nitrate is used to treat asthma and in topical formulations for sensitive teeth.
Potassium nitrate was once a popular medication for lowering blood pressure.
Saltpeter is a component of condensed aerosol fire suppression systems, salt bridges in electrochemistry, heat treatment of metals, and for thermal storage in power generators.
FORMATION of POTASSIUM NITRATE:
Potassium nitrate forms naturally in warm climates.
Bacteria from the decomposition of feces, urine and plants combine with air, moisture, plant ash and alkaline soil to create nitrification—the conversion of the decaying matter into nitrates that penetrate the soil.
Dissolved by rainwater, the evaporated deposits form a white powder.
Once boiling and evaporating wash impurities away, potassium nitrate is ready for practical uses.
SYNTHESIS of POTASSIUM NITRATE (KNO3):
Potassium nitrate is generally a salt.
The neutralization of acid can prepare Potassium nitrate.
When the potassium hydroxide neutralizes, there forms nitric acid potassium nitrate.
The chemical reaction for the same can be given as follows:
KOH + HNO3 → KNO3 + H2O
Always, neutralizing the nitric acid produces “nitrate” salts.
At the same time, other acids produce other types of salts.
Potassium nitrate also consists of potassium (which is a light, soft, and silver metal), nitrogen (a colorless and odorless gas), and oxygen.
Potassium nitrate is an alkali metal nitrate since Potassium nitrate is an ionic salt of K+ ions, potassium ions, and nitrate ions (NO3−).
Potassium nitrate is solid white or, at times, white to dirty grey in color.
Potassium nitrate is soluble in hot water, and Potassium nitrate releases oxygen when decomposed or heated.
HISTORY and USE of POTASSIUM NITRATE:
The use of potassium nitrate goes back to the early Romans and Greeks, who used saltpeter to fertilize their plants.
In the third century B.C., the Chinese learned that a mixture of charcoal, sulfur and potassium nitrate could create an explosive powder.
Since the Middle Ages, Potassium nitrate has played a role in preserving meat and tanning hides, as well as glass production and metalworking.
Modern uses include gunpowder, food preservatives, various crafts and to lessen angina pain in heart patients.
In Ancient India, saltpeter manufacturers formed the Nuniya caste.
Saltpeter finds mention in Kautilya's Arthashastra (compiled 300BC-300AD), which mentions using Potassium nitrat's poisonous smoke as a weapon of war, although its use for propulsion did not appear until medieval times.
A purification process for potassium nitrate was outlined in 1270 by the chemist and engineer Hasan al-Rammah of Syria in his book al-Furusiyya wa al-Manasib al-Harbiyya (The Book of Military Horsemanship and Ingenious War Devices).
Al-Rammah describes first the purification of barud (crude saltpeter mineral) by boiling it with minimal water and using only the hot solution, then the use of potassium carbonate (in the form of wood ashes) to remove calcium and magnesium by precipitation of their carbonates from this solution, leaving a solution of purified potassium nitrate, which could then be dried.
Potassium nitrate was used for the manufacture of gunpowder and explosive devices.
At least as far back as 1845, nitratite deposits were exploited in Chile and California.
CAVE DEPOSITS of POTASSIUM NITRATE:
In the early part of the 19th century and throughout the Civil War, caves in many Southern states were rich sources of potassium nitrate.
Usually found as huge crusts and growths on cave walls and ceilings, they formed when solutions containing alkali potassium and nitrate seeped into cavern cracks and crevices.
Major natural sources of potassium nitrate were the deposits crystallizing from cave walls and the accumulations of bat guano in caves.
Extraction is accomplished by immersing the guano in water for a day, filtering, and harvesting the crystals in the filtered water.
Traditionally, guano was the source used in Laos for the manufacture of gunpowder for Bang Fai rockets.
DESERT SOURCES of POTASSIUM NITRATE:
A major source of potassium nitrate was the Atacama Desert in Chile—“the driest place on Earth,”.
More than 170 mining towns were in full operation up until the early 1940s to supply the world with potassium nitrate.
Since the invention of synthetic nitrate, however, they have all but shut down.
MANUFACTURE of POTASSIUM NITRATE:
Historically, nitre-beds were prepared by mixing manure with either mortar or wood ashes, common earth and organic materials such as straw to give porosity to a compost pile typically 1.5 metres high by 2 metres wide by 5 metres long.
The heap was usually under a cover from the rain, kept moist with urine, turned often to accelerate the decomposition and leached with water after approximately one year.
The liquid containing various nitrates was then converted with wood ashes to potassium nitrates, crystallized and refined for use in gunpowder.
Today, most potassium nitrate comes from the vast deposits of sodium nitrate (NaNO3, nitratine) in the Chilean deserts.
The sodium nitrate is purified and then reacted in solution with potassium chloride (KCl, sylvite), from which the less-soluble potassium nitrate is precipitated out.
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POTASSIUM NITRATE:
Potassium nitrate has an orthorhombic crystal structure at room temperature, which transforms to a trigonal system at 129 °C (264 °F).
Potassium nitrate is moderately soluble in water, but Potassium nitrate's solubility increases with temperature.
The aqueous solution is almost neutral, exhibiting pH 6.2 at 14 °C (57 °F) for a 10% solution of commercial powder.
Potassium nitrate is not very hygroscopic, absorbing about 0.03% water in 80% relative humidity over 50 days.
Potassium nitrate is insoluble in alcohol and is not poisonous.
Between 550–790 °C (1,022–1,454 °F), potassium nitrate reaches a temperature-dependent equilibrium with potassium nitrite.
Molar Weight: 101.102g/mol
Specific Gravity: 2.109
Melting Point: 334 °C
Boiling Point: 400 °C
Molecular weight: 101.10 g/mol
Solubility: Soluble in water and glycerol; slightly soluble in ethyl alcohol
Appearance (physical state, color, etc.): clear to white crystalline powder
Molar Mass (g/mol): 101.11
Odor: not available
Odor threshold: not available
pH: 7 (approximate)
Evaporation rate (ether = 1): not available
Melting point/freezing point (ºC): 334 (633 ºF)
Relative Density (g/L): 2.109 at 16 ºC
Vapor Pressure (mmHg): not applicable
Vapor Density (air = 1): not applicable
Viscosity (cP): not applicable
Solubility(ies):
water: 13.3 % at 0 ºC
soluble in liquid ammonia,
glycerol
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): not available
Particle Size: not available
Thermal Stability Properties:
Autoignition Temperature (ºC): not applicable
Thermal Decomposition (ºC): 400 (752 ºF)
Initial boiling point and boiling range (ºC): not applicable
Explosive Limits, LEL (Volume %): not applicable
Explosive Limits, UEL (Volume %): not applicable
Flash Point (ºC): not applicable
Flammability (solid, gas): not applicable
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of POTASSIUM NITRATE:
Potassium chloride is a white to light-gray, odorless solid.
Potassium nitrate's density is 2.109 g mL-1.
The melting and boiling points are 334°C and 400°C.
Potassium nitrate is soluble in water and Potassium nitrate's solubility increases with the temperature.
Potassium nitrate is insoluble in alcohol.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POTASSIUM NITRATE:
Potassium nitrate can be used to prepare neutral solutions since the pH of Potassium nitrate's solutions in water reach a value of 6.2, so Potassium nitrate can be used as an additive in food and preservatives.
In this solution, potassium nitrate reaches equilibrium with potassium nitrite.
2 KNO3 ⇌ 2 KNO2 + O2
FIRST AID MEASURES of POTASSIUM NITRATE:
-Description of First Aid Measures:
*General:
Maintain adequate airway and respiration.
Artificial respiration or oxygen.
*Inhalation:
Remove the victim into fresh air.
Respiratory problems: consult a doctor/medical service.
Seek immediate medical attention.
*Skin Contact:
Removing contaminated clothing and shoes.
Get medical attention if needed.
Thoroughly clean and dry contaminated clothing before reuse.
Rinse with water.
Soap may be used.
*Eye Contact:
Immediately flush eyes, including under the eyelids with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes.
Seek immediate medical attention.
Rinse with water.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.
Continue rinsing.
*Ingestion:
If a large amount is swallowed, get medical attention.
Rinse mouth with water.
Immediately after ingestion: give lots of water to drink.
Victim is fully conscious: immediately induce vomiting.
Induce vomiting by giving a 0.9 % saline solution.
Consult a doctor/medical service if you feel unwell.
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POTASSIUM NITRATE:
-Personal Precautions, Protective Equipment and Emergency Procedures:
Keep unnecessary personnel away.
Use suitable protective equipment.
-Methods and Materials for Containment and Clean up:
Collect spilled material in appropriate container for disposal.
Protective equipment :
Gloves.
Protective clothing.
Emergency procedures :
Mark the danger area.
Keep containers closed.
Wash contaminated clothes.
Methods for cleaning up :
Prevent dispersion by covering with dry sand/earth.
Spill must not return in its original container.
Wash clothing and equipment after handling.
FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POTASSIUM NITRATE:
-Special Protective Equipment and Precautions for Fire-Fighters:
Wear full protective clothing and NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POTASSIUM NITRATE:
-Engineering Controls:
Provide local exhaust or process enclosure ventilation system.
Ensure compliance with applicable exposure limits.
Emergency eye wash fountains should be available in the immediate vicinity of any potential exposure.
-Personal Protection:
In accordance with OSHA 29 CFR 1910.132, subpart I, wear appropriate Personal Protective.
-Respiratory Protection:
Refer to NIOSH 42 CFR 84 for applicable certified respirators.
-Eye/Face Protection:
Wear splash resistant safety goggles with a face shield.
An eye wash station should be readily available near areas of use.
-Skin and Body Protection:
Chemical-resistant gloves should be worn at all times when handling chemicals.
HANDLING AND STORAGE of POTASSIUM NITRATE:
-Storage:
Store and handling in accordance with all current regulations and standards.
*Precautions for safe handling :
Measure the concentration in the air regularly.
Comply with the legal requirements.
Remove contaminated clothing immediately.
Clean contaminated clothing.
Thoroughly clean/dry the installation before use.
Keep container tightly closed.
*Hygiene measures : Observe normal hygiene standards.
-Conditions for safe storage:
Storage temperature : 20 °C
Storage area :
Store in a cool area.
Store in a dry area.
Keep container in a well-ventilated place.
Keep only in.
the original container.
Detached building.
Meet the legal requirements.
Special rules on packaging :
Specıal Requirements:
Closing.
Clean.
Correctly labelled.
Meet the legal requirements.
Packaging materials :
Suitable Material:
Synthetic material.
Glass.
STABILITY AND REACTIVITY of POTASSIUM NITRATE:
-Chemical stability:
Stable under normal conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No additional information available
SYNONYMS:
Potassium nitrate monohydrate
Monohydrate
