E331

DESCRIPTION:

E331 is a food additive and is the tri-basic salt of citric acid.
E331 is produced by the complete neutralization and subsequent crystallization of high-purity sodium-derived citric acid.
E331 occurs as white, granular crystals or a white crystalline powder.

CAS NUMBER: 68-04-2

EC NUMBER: 200-675-3

MOLECULAR FORMULA: Na3C6H5O7

DESCRIPTION:

E331 is an odorless substance with a pleasant salty taste.
E331 is a substance that dissolves spontaneously in humid air, freely soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol.
E331 is a non-toxic and low reactivity neutral salt.
Chemically stable when stored normally at ambient conditions.
Completely biodegradable, may be disposed of with regular waste and sewage according to local laws.

E331 has the best properties in terms of emulsifying salt.
E331 is slightly alkaline and has buffering, complexing and protein dissolving properties.
E331 also gives a characteristic flavor to the melted cheese.
E331 is very easily soluble in water and have very good protein solubility.
E331 is a flavoring food additive identified as E331. 

In many cases, E331 is called sodium citrate, even though it can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid. 
E331 is prepared by complete neutralization of citric acid with high purity sodium hydroxide or carbonate followed by crystallization and dehydration. 
As a base conjugated to a weak acid, E331 can be exploited as a buffering agent or acidity regulator, resistant to pH changes. 
E331 appears in the form of a white crystalline anhydrous powder with either a slightly sweet or salty undertaste. 

E331 has the chemical formula of Na3C6H5O7. 
E331 possesses a saline, mildly tart flavor, and is a mild alkali.
E331 has the chemical formula Na3C6H5O7. 
E331 is sometimes referred to simply as sodium citrate, although it may refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid. 
E331 is lightweight, can be used with citric acid to make biocompatible buffers.

E331 is found in high concentration in sour fruits, kiwi, strawberries and many other fruits. 
E331 is prepared commercially by the fermentation of molasses
E331 has a role as an anticoagulant. 
E331 contains a sodium citrate.

E331 is easily soluble in water, glycerol, alcohol and other organic solvents. 
E331 is decomposed by overheating, slightly deliviate in humid environment and slightly weathering in hot air.
E331 is an organic compound that has white to colorless crystals.
E331 is used as acidity regulator, flavor agent and stabilizer in food and beverage industry. 

E331 is used as an anticoagulant, phlegm dispersant and diuretic in the pharmaceutical industry; In detergent industry, sodium tripolyphosphate can be substituted as non-toxic detergent additive. 
E331 is also used in brewing, injection, photographic medicine and electroplating.
E331 is used in similar applications to citric acid. 
These uses include as an acidity regulator in food and drink, as a sequestering agent to prevent limescale inference with soaps and detergents and as an emulsifying agent to aid chemical mixing processes where two separate elements are incapable of mixing (for example oil and water) and helps to keep these mixtures stable once formulated.

E331 is used in a variety of processed food and drink primarily as a flavour enhancer and a preservative. 
As an emulsifying agent, E331 is also used in cheesemaking to allow cheese to melt without the separation of oils and fats. 
E331 in food buffers pH levels to help regulate acidity in a variety of foods to balance taste and is also able to impart a tart / sour flavour in a wide variety of drink products. 
E331 is produced by complete neutralisation of citric acid with high purity sodium hydroxide or carbonate and subsequent crystallisation and dehydration. 

E331 is widely used in foods, beverages and various technical applications mainly as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.
E331 occurs as white, granular crystals or as white, crystalline powder. 
E331 is freely soluble in water and practically insoluble in ethanol (96 %). 
E331 is a non-toxic, neutral salt with low reactivity. 
E331 is chemically stable if stored at ambient temperatures. 

E331 is fully biodegradable and can be disposed of with regular waste or sewage.
E331 is also known as Sodium Citrate which is a sodium salt from citric acid. 
E331 is used in food products as a preservative as well as to add a tart flavor profile. 
E331 is commonly used as a flavoring agent in drinks as well as processed cheese, ice cream, yogurt and jams. 

As an ingredient in personal care products, E331 is used in cosmetics and other skin care products primarily to control the pH level, as well as for its preservative properties. 
E331 is widely applied in food, beverages and fillers as a buffering, sequestering or an emulsifying agent. 
E331 used as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, osmotic laxative, functional fluids, solvents cleaning, furnishing care products, laundry dishwashing products and cleaning automobile radiators.
E331 is a tribasic salt of citric acid. 
E331 has a sour taste similar to citric acid, and is salty as well. 

E331 is often used as a food preservative, and as a flavoring in the food industry. 
In the pharmaceutical industry, E331 is used to control pH. 
E331 may be used as an alkalizing agent, buffering agent, emulsifier, or sequestering agent.
E331 is widely used in a variety of Personal Care and technical applications, with its mainly functions being buffering, sequestering, and emulsifying agent.

E331 is used to balance pH levels and as a water softener. 
E331 is also used in cosmetics such as make-up and lipstick, in baby products like wipes, in soaps, and, of course, in laundry detergents. 
E331 is used as an alternative to trimer sodium phosphate in the production of detergents and liquid detergents that do not contain phosphorus.
E331 is in the form of a white, odorless powder with a slightly salty taste. 
E331 occurs as a hydrate in combination with water. 

E331 is characterized by the fact that it is hygroscopic, so it easily absorbs and combines with water. 
E331 should be stored under such conditions that it is protected from moisture. 
Although it is a salt of an acid, E331 has an alkaline pH.
E331 has many uses, but is mainly applied in the food industry. 

E331 has similar applications as Citric Acid, so it is usually used as a flavor enhancer, to acidify foods or beverages, or as a preservative.
E331 is also commonly used in medicine as a drug ingredient, usually for people with urinary tract infections. 
E331 also plays a role as an anticoagulant, which means it inhibits blood clotting.
E331 is used in chemistry. 

E331 is a component of buffers.
E331 is also found in cosmetics such as shower gels, shampoos or skin creams, as it gives them the right acidity level and is used as a preservative.
Another application of E331 is to remove scale from boilers, clean car radiators, and burnt sheet metal or pots. 
E331 is also used in the production of cleaning products, as it softens water, allowing detergents to work more effectively.
E331 is found in carbonated beverages, dairy products, confectionery, prepared foods, canned meats and vegetables, margarine, mustard, sauces, mayonnaise, spices, jams, and much more. 

This is not surprising, because E331 has various properties that are important for the food industry.
E331 is used as an acidity regulator to maintain the proper pH of the product. 
E331 is found in sodas, especially those with lemon flavor, energy drinks, desserts or jams.
E331 is a sequestering agent, which means it is a substance that binds metal ions, called chelates. 
E331 enables the preparation of a uniform solution from two immiscible liquids. 

E331 is useful, for example, in the production of cheese, as it does not become greasy after melting, because E331 prevents the separation of fats.
Another use of E331 in the food industry is as a preservative. 
E331 protects the fats in the product from oxidation and rancidity. 
E331 also prevents color changes in foods.
E331 is a white odorless chemical used as a food additive. 
E331 is typically used as a flavoring agent or as a preservative.

APPLICATION:

E331 is chiefly used as a food additive, usually for flavor or as a preservative. 
E331 is employed as a flavoring agent in certain varieties of club soda. 
E331 is common as an ingredient in bratwurst, and is also used in commercial ready-to-drink beverages and drink mixes, contributing a tart flavor. 
E331 is found in gelatin mix, ice cream, yogurt, jams, sweets, milk powder, processed cheeses, carbonated beverages, and wine, amongst others.
E331 can be used as an emulsifying stabilizer when making cheese. 
E331 allows the cheese to melt without becoming greasy by stopping the fats from separating.
E331 is a component in Benedict's qualitative solution, often used in organic analysis to detect the presence of reducing sugars such as glucose.
E331 is used as an antacid, especially prior to anaesthesia, for caesarian section procedures to reduce the risks associated with the aspiration of gastric contents.
E331 is a particularly effective agent for removal of carbonate scale from boilers without removing them from operation and for cleaning automobile radiators.

APPLICATION AREAS:

-Industrial:

-Adhesives, Sealants 
-Agrochemicals, Fertilizer 
-Construction 
-Fine Chemicals 
-Inks, Paints, Coatings 
-Oil Drilling 
-Paper 
-Plastic, Polymers 
-Textile, Leather 

-Beverages:
 
-Alcoholic Beverages 
-Carbonated Soft Drinks 
-Instant Drinks, Syrups 
-Juice Drinks 
-Plant-based 
-RTD Tea and Coffee 
-Sports and Energy Drinks 
-Waters 

-Food:

-Baby Food, Instant Formula 
-Bakery 
-Cereals, Snacks 
-Confectionary 
-Dairy and Dairy Alternatives 
-Desserts, Ice Cream 
-Flavorings 
-Fruit Preparations and Spreads 
-Fruits 
-Vegetables 
-Meat Alternatives 
-Meat, Seafood 
-Pet Food 
-Ready Meals, Instant Food 
-Sauces, Dressings, Seasonings 

-Pharmaceuticals:
 
-Buffering Agent 
-Chelating Agent 
-Mineral source 

-Healthcare:
 
-Clinical Nutrition 
-Medical Devices 
-OTC, Food Supplements 
-Pharmaceutical Products 

-Personal Care:
 
-Color Cosmetics 
-Fragrances 
-Hair Care 
-Oral Care 
-Skin Care 
-Soap and Bath Products 

-Cleaners and Detergents:
 
-Dish Washing 
-Industrial Cleaners 
-Laundry Care 
-Surface Care 
 

USAGE AREAS:

-In energy drinks
-Drinks with lemon flavor
-Products with lemon flavor
-In Processed Cheese

USAGES:

E331 is often used as a food additive as a flavoring or preservative. 
E331 is used as a flavoring agent in certain varieties of club soda.
E331 is common as an ingredient in Bratwurst and is also commercially available for beverage and beverage mixes and adds a tart flavor.
E331 is found in gelatin mixture, ice cream, jam, dessert, powdered milk, processed cheeses, sodas, and wine.
E331 can be used as an emulsifier when making cheese. 
E331 allows the cheese to melt without being greasy.
E331 can resist change in pH, acting as a buffering agent or acidity regulator.
E331 is used to control the acidity of certain substances, such as gelatin desserts. 
E331 is found in mini milk containers used in coffee machines.
E331 is a particularly effective substance for removing carbonate scale from boilers without removing them and for cleaning automobile radiators.

PROPERTIES:
     
-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3     
-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 9     
-Rotatable Bond Count: 2     
-Topological Polar Surface Area: 143 Ų     
-Heavy Atom Count: 18     
-Complexity: 211     
-Isotope Atom Count: 0     
-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0     
-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0     
-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0     
-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0     
-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 6     
-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Melting Point: 300 °C (anhydrous substance)
-pH value: 7.5 - 9.0 (50 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
-Bulk density: 600 kg/m3
-Solubility: 720 g/l

CHARACTERISTICS:

E331 is a White, granular crystals or a white, crystalline powder; slightly deliquescent (tending to absorb moisture from the air and dissolve in it) in moist air, is freely soluble in water,  and practically insoluble in ethanol (96%). 
E331 is practically odorless and is colorless in solution. 

STORAGE:

Store at +2°C to +30°C.

SPECIFICATION:

-Melting Point: 150°C (in -2H2O)
-Density: 1.76
-Odor: Odorless
-Solubility Information: Soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol.
-Formula Weight: 294.10 (258.07 Anhydrous)
-Percent Purity: 99%

SYNONYM:
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate
Sodium citrate hydrate
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, trisodium salt, dihydrate
Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate
trisodium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;dihydrate
MFCD00150031
trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate
SODIUM CITRATE, DIHYDRATE
B22547B95K
Citric acid, trisodium salt, dihydrate
Sodium citrate hydrous
Trisodium citrate dihydrate;Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate
MFCD00130806
tri-sodium citrate dihydrate
sodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate
Sodiumcitrate
N-1560
Natrum citricum
Tricitrasol (TN)
Sodium citrate (TN)
Sodium citrate [USP:JAN]
Sodiumcitratetribasicdihydrate
SODIUM CITRATE 
DTXSID1049437
Sodium citrate hydrate (JP17)
UNII-B22547B95K
CHEBI:32142
Trisodium citrate dihydrate, ACS
SODIUM CITRATE HYDROUS 
SODIUM CITRATE HYDRATE 
SODIUM CITRATE 
SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE 
AKOS025293920
Citronensaeure,Trinatrium-Salz-Dihydrat
Sodium citrate dihydrate, >=99%, FG
SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE 
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE 
BP-31019
SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE 
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, >=98%
Sodium citrate dihydrate, ACS reagent grade
SODIUM CITRATE, DIHYDRATE 
D01781
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, AR, >=99%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, LR, >=99%
Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate ACS reagent
NATRII CITRAS, DEHYDRATE [WHO-IP LATIN]
A833161
A835986
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE 
Q22075862
Sodium citrate dihydrate Biochemical grade, Fine Granular
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, USP, 99.0-100.5%
Sodium Citrate Tribasic Dihydrate (Molecular Biology Grade)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, ACS reagent, >=99.0%
trisodium 2-oxidanylpropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate
Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrateTrisodium citrate dihydrate
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioUltra, >=99.0% (NT)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, insect cell culture tested
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, JIS special grade, >=99.0%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, purum p.a., >=99.0% (NT)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, tested according to Ph.Eur.
trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate--water (1/2)
Trisodium citrate dihydrate, meets USP testing specifications
2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid trisodium salt dihydrate
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioXtra, >=99.0% (titration)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, for molecular biology, >=99%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
Sodium citrate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt, dihydrate
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, 99-101%
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt, hydrate (1:3:2)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.5% (NT)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.0% (NT)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, suitable for amino acid analysis, >=99.0%
Sodium Citrate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material