ERBIUM OXIDE

ERBIUM OXIDE
Erbium Oxide= Erbium trioxide=Erbia

CAS NUMBER:12061-16-4
EC NUMBER:235-045-7
Molecular Weight:382.56
Molecular Formula:Er2O3

⯈ DEFINITION OF ERBIUM OXIDE :
Erbium(III) oxide, is synthesized from the lanthanide metal erbium. 
Erbium(III) oxide was partially isolated by Carl Gustaf Mosander in 1843, and first obtained in pure form in 1905 by Georges Urbain and Charles James.
Erbium(III) oxide has a pink color with a cubic crystal structure. 
Under certain conditions erbium oxide can also have a hexagonal form.
Er2O3 is hygroscopic and will readily absorb moisture and CO2 from the atmosphere.

Erbium Oxide is a highly insoluble thermally stable Erbium source suitable for glass, optical, and ceramic applications. 
Erbium oxide is a solid compound of erbium and is pink in color. Erbium oxide can be also used as a flammable neutron poison for nuclear fuel. 
Erbium Oxide is generally immediately available in most volumes. 
Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. 
Nanoscale elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered. 
Erbium has applications in glass coloring, as an amplifier in fiber optics, and in lasers for medical and dental use. 
Rare Earth oxide compounds High Purity (99.999%) Erbium Oxide (Er2O3) Powderare basic anhydrides and can therefore react with acids and with strong reducing agents in redox reactions. 
Erbium Oxide is compounds containing at least one oxygen anion and one metallic cation. 
Erbium Oxide is typically insoluble in aqueous solutions (water) and extremely stable making them useful in ceramic structures as simple as producing clay bowls to advanced electronics and in light weight structural components in aerospace and electrochemical applications such as fuel cells in which they exhibit ionic conductivity. 
Erbium oxide is also available in pellets, pieces, powder, sputtering targets, tablets, and nanopowder (from American Elements' nanoscale production facilities)

One interesting property of erbium oxides is their ability to up convert photons. 
Photon upconversion takes place when infrared or visible radiation, low energy light, is converted to ultraviolet or violet radiation higher energy light via multiple transfer or absorption of energy.
Erbium oxide nanoparticles also possess photoluminescence properties. Erbium oxide nanoparticles can be formed by applying ultrasound (20 kHz, 29 W·cm−2) in the presence of multiwall carbon nanotubes. 
The erbium oxide nanoparticles that have been successfully made by employing ultrasound are erbium carboxioxide, hexagonal and spherical geometry erbium oxide. 
Each ultrasonically formed erbium oxide is photoluminescence in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum under excitation of 379 nm in water. 
Hexagonal erbium oxide photoluminescence is long lived and allows higher energy transitions (4S3/2 - 4I15/2). 
Spherical erbium oxide does not experience 4S3/2 - 4I15/2 energy transitions.

•Reactions
Erbium burns readily to form erbium (III) oxide:
The formation of erbium oxide is accomplished via the reaction 4 Er + 3 O2 → 2 Er2O3.
Erbium oxide is insoluble in water and soluble in mineral acids. 
Er2O3 readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Erbium oxide can react with acids to form the corresponding erbium(III) salts.
For example, with hydrochloric acid, the oxide follows the reaction Er2O3 + 6 HCl → 2 ErCl3 + 3 H2O to form erbium chloride.

⯈ USES/BENEFITS OF ERBIUM OXIDE: 
Erbium trioxide is an important rare earth metal used in biomedicine. 
Erbium trioxide is used as a gate dielectric in semi conductor devices since Erbium trioxide has a high dielectric constant and a large band gap; as a burnable neutron poison for nuclear fuel and as coloring for glasses. 
Erbium oxide nanoparticles can be surface modified for distribution into aqueous and non-aqueous media for bioimaging due to its photoluminescence property.

Cerium Oxide also called Ceria, is widely applied in glass, ceramics and catalyst manufacturing. 
In glass industry, Erbium oxide is considered to be the most efficient glass polishing agent for precision optical polishing. 
Erbium oxide is also used to decolorize glass by keeping iron in its ferrous state. 
The ability of cerium-doped glass to block out ultra violet light is utilized in the manufacturing of medical glassware and aerospace windows. 
Erbium oxide is also used to prevent polymers from darkening in sunlight and to suppress discoloration of television glass. 
Erbium oxide is applied to optical components to improve performance. 
High purity Ceria are also used in phosphors and dopant to crystal.

⯈ APPLICATIONS OF ERBIUM OXIDE:
The applications of Er2O3 are varied due to their electrical, optical and photoluminescence properties. 
Nanoscale materials doped with Er3+ are of much interest because they have special particle-size-dependent optical and electrical properties.
Erbium oxide doped nanoparticle materials can be dispersed in glass or plastic for display purposes, such as display monitors. 
The spectroscopy of Er3+ electronic transitions in host crystals lattices of nanoparticles combined with ultrasonically formed geometries in aqueous solution of carbon nanotubes is of great interest for synthesis of photoluminescence nanoparticles in 'green' chemistry.
Erbium oxide is among the most important rare earth metals used in biomedicine.
The photoluminescence property of erbium oxide nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes makes them useful in biomedical applications. 
For example, erbium oxide nanoparticles can be surface modified for distribution into aqueous and non-aqueous media for bioimaging.
Erbium oxides are also used as gate dielectrics in semi conductor devices since it has a high dielectric constant (10–14) and a large band gap. 
Erbium is sometimes used as a coloring for glasses and erbium oxide can also be used as a burnable neutron poison for nuclear fuel.

•Coatings. 
Like many nanomaterials, one of the key uses of erbium oxide in nanoparticle form is in the production of specialized coatings. 
Certain high-temperature corrosion-resistant coatings benefit extensively from the inclusion of erbium oxide nanoparticles in their composition.
•Displays. 
Erbium Oxide can be dispersed in glass or plastic for display purposes, such as display monitors.
Erbium oxide can be used to produce displays such as computer monitors and televisions.
•Optics. 
Erbium oxide nanoparticles can be used as a dopant in the production of various optic fibers and laser materials.
•Up-conversion. 
This can be used to produce up-conversion materials.
•Insulation. 
Erbium oxide can be utilized as a tuned insulator for the production of Josephson junctions
Erbium oxide is tuned insulator for Josephson junctions.
•Electronics. 
Certain metal oxide semiconductor transisters and capacitors can make use of Erbium oxide.
Erbium oxide is used in up-conversion material, capacitors, and metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors.
•Medicine.
Like many nanoparticles, erbium oxide is of interest for its potential in bioimaging. 
Erbium oxide is surface-modified and distributed into aqueous and non-aqueous solutions for this purpose. 
In a broader sense, erbium oxide is considered one of the most important and promising rare earth materials in biomedicine.
Erbium Oxide can be surface modified for distribution into aqueous and non-aqueous media for bioimaging.

⯈ SAFETY MEASURES:
•First aid measures:
-If inhaled
If breathed in, move person into fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
-In case of skin contact
Wash off with soap and plenty of water. Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
-If swallowed
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. 
Rinse mouth with water. 
Consult a physician.

•Firefighting Measures:
Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide

•Handling and storage:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store under inert gas. 
Air sensitive. Moisture sensitive
Avoid contact with skin and eyes. 
Avoid formation of dust and aerosols.
Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed

⯈ PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ERBIUM OXIDE:
Appearance:Pink crystals or crystalline powder
Melting Point:2,344° C (4,251° F)
Boiling Point:3,290° C (5,954° F)
Density    :8.64 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O:Insoluble
Crystal Phase / Structure:Cubic, cI80
Specific Heat:108.5 J·mol-1·K-1
Exact Mass:381.847 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass:379.845 g/mol

⯈ SYNONYMS OF ERBIUM OXIDE:
Erbia 
Erbium(3+) trioxide
Dierbium trioxide
Erbium(III) oxide 
Erbium sesquioxide
Erbium exide
ERBIUMOXIDE
Erbium (3+) oxide
Erbium sesquioxide erbium oxide powder
Erbium trioxide powder

⯈ ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON ERBIUM OXIDE:
•Ultra high purity rare earth metal compounds work excellent for:
Instrumental analytics
Chemical analyses & syntheses
Crystal growth technology
Catalysis
Doping agents
Luminescent & fluorescent compounds
Glas fibre technology
Laser technology
Fuel cells
Oxidizing agents
Electronic industry
Ceramic manufacturing